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Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 51/Permentan/KR.010/9/2015 Tahun 2015

Nomor: 51/Permentan/KR.010/9/2015
Tahun: 2015
Ditetapkan: 23 September 2015
Status: Dicabut
Pasal terindeks: 3

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b.bahwa berdasarkan hasil analisis risiko dan pemantauan organisme pengganggu tumbuhan terdapat perubahan status jenis organisme pengganggu tumbuhan karantina;
c.bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam huruf a dan huruf b, perlu

Menetapkan

menetapkan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 93/Permentan/ OT.140/12/2011 tentang Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina; Mengingat : 1. Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 1992 tentang Karantina Hewan, Ikan, dan Tumbuhan (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1992 Nomor 56, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3482);

2.Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1994 tentang Pengesahan Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (Persetujuan Pembentukan Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia) (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1994 Nomor 57, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3564);
3.Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 14 Tahun 2002 tentang Karantina Tumbuhan (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2002 Nomor 35, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 4196);
4.Keputusan Presiden Nomor 2 Tahun 1977 tentang Pengesahan International Plant Protection Convention (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1977 Nomor 8) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 tentang Pengesahan Revised Text of the International Plant Protection Convention (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1990 Nomor 69); 2
5.Keputusan Presiden Nomor 121/P Tahun 2014 tentang Pembentukan Kementerian dan Pengangkatan Menteri Kabinet Kerja Periode Tahun 2014-2019;
6.Peraturan Presiden Nomor 7 Tahun 2015 tentang Organisasi Kementerian Negara (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2015 Nomor 8);
7.Peraturan Presiden Nomor 45 Tahun 2015 tentang Kementerian Pertanian (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2015 Nomor 85);
8.Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 22/Permentan/ OT.140/4/2008 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Unit Pelaksana Teknis Karantina Pertanian;
9.Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 94/Permentan/ OT.140/12/2011 tentang Tempat Pemasukan dan Pengeluaran Media Pembawa Penyakit Hewan Karantina dan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina (Berita Negara Tahun 2011 Nomor 7) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 44/ Permentan/OT.140/3/2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 94/Permentan/ OT.140/12/2011 tentang Tempat Pemasukan dan Pengeluaran Media Pembawa Penyakit Hewan Karantina dan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina (Berita Negara Tahun 2014 Nomor 618);
10.Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 43/Permentan/ OT.010/8/2015 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Kementerian Pertanian (Berita Negara Tahun 2015 Nomor 1243); MEMUTUSKAN: Menetapkan : PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN NOMOR 93/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 TENTANG JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA. Pasal I Beberapa ketentuan dalam Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 93/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 (Berita Negara Nomor 6 Tahun 2012) tentang Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina diubah sebagai berikut:
1.Diantara Pasal 2 dan Pasal 3 disisipkan 1 (satu) pasal, yakni Pasal 2A sehingga berbunyi sebagai berikut:

Pasal 2A

Media pembawa yang terinfestasi Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina golongan II berupa kelompok virus, bakteri, cendawan, nematoda, dan/atau molusca tidak dapat diberikan perlakuan, jika:

a.berdasarkan pertimbangan teknis tidak dapat dilakukan; dan/atau
b.membahayakan kesehatan manusia, hewan, dan lingkungan. 3
1. 2.Ketentuan Lampiran Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 93/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 tentang Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina diubah sebagaimana tercantum dalam Lampiran yang merupakan bagian tidak terpisahkan dari Peraturan Menteri ini.
2. 3.Ketentuan lain dalam Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 93/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 tentang Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina dinyatakan masih tetap berlaku. Pasal II Peraturan Menteri ini mulai berlaku pada tanggal diundangkan. Agar setiap orang mengetahuinya, memerintahkan pengundangan Peraturan Menteri ini dengan penempatannya dalam Berita Negara Republik Indonesia. Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 23 September 2015 MENTERI PERTANIAN ttd. AMRAN SULAIMAN Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 28 September 2015 MENTERI HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA ttd. YASONNA H. LAOLY BERITA NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 2015 NOMOR 1432 LAMPIRAN PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA Nomor : 51/Permentan/KR.010/9/2015 Tanggal : 23 September 2015 JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA A. JENIS-JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA (KATEGORI A1) I. SERANGGA (INSECTS) No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME GOLONGAN / GROUP INANG/ HOST MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAY DAERAH SEBAR/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
3. 1.Acraea acerata Hew.; Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae; sweet potato butterfly II Convolvulus arvensis, Ipomoea aquatica, Ipomoea triloba, Merremiae bracteata, Merremia pacifica,Merremia peltata, Merremia umbellata, Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato) daun, batang Africa:Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo. Uganda, Zambia
4. 2.Acrocinus longimanus Linnaeus; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; Herlequin beetle, jack-tree borer II Artocarpus, Artocarpus integra, Moraceae, Broussonetia kazinoki, Ficus elastica batang, cabang, ranting America: Barbados, Honduras, Guyana, Trinidad,Costa Rica, Mexico, Brazil
5. 3.Aetherastis circulataMeyrick; Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae; bark feeding caterpillar II Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber tree) batang, daun, bibit Asia: India
6. 4.Agrilus mali Matsumura; Coleoptera: Buprestidae; apple borer, apple buprestid II Malus domestica (apel, apple) tunas, batang, bibit, rhizome Asia: China, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea) 5 Europe: Russia
7. 5.Agrilus planipennisFairmaire;Coleopt era: Buprestidae;Emerald Ash Borer II Fraxinus americana, F. mandshurica, F. nigra, F. chinensis, F. pensylvania, Juglans mandshurica F. japonica, F. lanuginosa,Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Pterocarya rhoifolia, Ulmus davidiana,Ulmus propinqua batang, kayu America: USA, Canada Asia: China, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Taiwan Europe: Russia, Russian far east)
8. 6.Alcidodes dentipes(Olivier); (=Alcides dentipes Olivier); Coleoptera: Curculionidae; striped sweet potato weevil II Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato) Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean)Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) batang, bibit Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Ethiopia, Ghana, Gambia, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Sahara, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, DR Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
9. 7.Alsophila pometaria(Harris) (=Anisopterix pometaria =Anisopteryx pometaria); Lepidoptera: Geometridae; fall cankerworm II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Pelargonium, Ulmus sp. (elm), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), other stone fruit, Oak, Rose, Walnut batang, daun, bunga, buah America: Canada, USA
10. 8.Amblypelta cocophaga China; (=Amblypelta cocophaga cocophaga =A.cocophagamalaitensis =Dasynus sp.); Hemiptera: Coreidae; coconut bug II Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Ceiba petandra (kapuk randu, kapok), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Eucalyptus deglupta, Mangifera indica tunas, batang, daun, bunga, buah Asia: Singapore, India, Philippines, Malaysia Oceania: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands 6 (mangga, mango), Cucumis melo (melon), Citrus sinensis (navel orange) Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, passion fruit, granadilla), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (kecipir, winged bean), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Delonix regia (flamboyant), Macaranga spp.
11. 9.Anastrepha fraterculus(Wiedemann); (=Acrotoxa fraterculus =Anastrepha braziliensis =Anastrepha costarukmanii =Anastrepha fraterculus var. soluta =Anastrepha lambayecae =Anastrepha pseudofraterculus =Anastrepha scholae =Anthomyia frutalis =Dacus fraterculus =Tephritis mellea =Trypeta fraterculus =Trypeta unicolor =Anastrepha peruviana=A.soluta); Diptera: Tephritidae; South American fruitfly II Annona cherimola (cherimoya), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava) Annona spp, Actinidia chinensis (Chinese gooseberry), Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, kiwifruit), Ampelocera hottlei,Annona muricata (soursop), Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, carambola, star- fruit), Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Chrysophyllum gonocarpum, Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Eugina buah, media tanam, tanah America: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. 7 dombeyi (brazil cherry), Euginia uniflora (Surinam cherry), Eugenia spp., Feijoa sellowiana (horn of plenty), Fortunella japonica (round kumquat) Prunus spp., Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava), Spondias tuberosa, Syzygium jambos (rose apple), Syzygium spp., Ziziphus joazeiro, Carica papaya, (pepaya, papaya, papaw), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus limetta (sweet lemon), Citrus maxima (pummelo), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange),Coffea Arabica (kopi arabika, Arabica coffee), Coffea liberica (Liberian coffee tree),Cydonia oblonga (quince), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Diospyros malabarica, Euginia stipitata, Ficus carica (ara, fig), Fortunella japonica (kumquat), Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Inga edulis, Inga marginata, Juglans australis, Juglans neotropica (Andean walnut), Juglans regia 8 (walnut), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Malus sp., Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus americana (apricot), Prunus dulcis (almond), Psidium longipes, Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Pouteria obovata, Rubus glaucus, Solanum quitoense, Spondias dulcis (otaheite apple), Spondias mobin (hog plum), Spondias purpurea (red mombin), Spondias cytherea, Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay-apple), Terminalia catappa (ketapang, Indian almond), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Malus domestica(apel, apple), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Zuelania Guidonia
12. 10.Anastrepha ludens(Loew); (=Acrotoxa ludens Loew =Anastrepha lathana Stone =Trypeta ludens Loew); Diptera: Tephritidae; II Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus maxima (pummelo), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Citrus x buah, media tanam, tanah America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama 9 Mexican fruit fly paradisi (grapefruit), Mangifera indica(mangga, mango), Prunus persica (persik, peach) Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Annona cherimola (cherimoya), Annona liebmanniana, Annona muricata (sirsak, soursop), Annona reticulata (buah nona, srikaya, Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), bullock’s heart, custard apple), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Casimiroa edulis (white sapote), Citrus spp, Citrus aurantifolia (lime), Citrus limetta (sweet lemon tree), Citrus medica (citron), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Citrus reticulata x paradisi (tangelo), Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, arabicacoffee), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Feijoa sellowiana, Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mammea americana, Passiflora edulis (passionfruit), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, 10 passion-fruit, granadilla), Psidium longipes, Spondias purpurea, Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Pouteria sapota, Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis (pir,pear), Sargentia greggii, Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Talisia olivaeformis
13. 11.Anastrepha obliqua Macq; (=Acrotoxa obliqua =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans SeÃn =A. mombinpraeoptans SeÃn =Tephritis obliqua =A. acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta obliqua); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruit fly, Antillean fruit fly II Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Spondias cytherea, Spondiasmombin, Spondias purpurea, Spondias spp. Anacardium occidentale, Annona hayesii, Brosimum alicastrum, Citrus limetta, Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Euginia jambos (jambos), Euginia malaccensis (pomerack), Euginia nesiotica, Malpighia glabra, Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, passion fruit, granadilla), buah, media tanam, tanah America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, Venezuela. 11 Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus amygdalus (bitter almond), Prunus domesticum (plum), Psidium longipes, Pyrus communis (pear), Averrhoa carambola(belimbing, carambola, star-fruit), Pouteria viridis, Citrus spp, Diospyros digyna (black sapote), Dovyalis hebecarpa (kitambilla), Pouteria sapota, Pouteria mammosa, Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay-apple).
14. 12.Anastrepha serpentinaWiedemann; (=Dacus serpentinus Wiedemann =Leptoxys serpentina Wiedemann =Acrotoxa serpentinus Wiedemann =Trypeta serpentina Wiedemann =Urophora vittithorax Wiedemann); Diptera: Tephritidae; sapote fruit fly, sapodilla fruit fly, black fruit fly, dark fruit fly II Capparis angulata, Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Chrysophyllum cainito, Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Pouteria caimito, Pouteria campechiana (canistel), Pouteria sapota (mammey sapote) Alchornea latifolia, Annona cherimola, Annona glabra, Annona spp, Bumelia sebolana, Brysonima crassifolia, Chrysophyllum argenteum, Chrysophyllum buah, media tanam (tanah) America: Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela 12 mexicanum, Citrus aurantium, Citrus maxima, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, Citrus x paradisi, Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Diospyros ebenaster, Dovyalis hebecarpa, Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Ficus spp.(ara, fig), Lacmellea panamensis, Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Manilkara spp., Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Pouteria viridis, Mammea americana,Pouteria campechiana, Pouteria caimito, Pouteria obovata, Pouteria sapota, Sideroxylon capiri, Sideroxylon palmeri, Spondias mombin, Spondias purpurea, Malus domesticaPrunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Spondias spp.
15. 13.Anastrepha suspensaLoew; (=Anastrepha unipuncta Sein =Anastrepha longimacula Greene =Trypeta suspensa Loew); Diptera: Tephritidae; II Eriobotrya japonica, (loquat), Euginia dombeyi (brazil cherry), Euginia uniflora (surinam cherry), Eugenia spp., Psidium guajava (jambu buah, media tanam (tanah) America: Bahamas, British Virgin Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA, Virgin Islands 13 Carribean fruit fly biji, guava), Psidium cattleianum, Syzygium spp., Annona spp., Fortunella margarita, Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Terminalia catappa (ketapang, Indian almond) Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Annona glabra, Averrhoa carambola(belimbing, star- fruit), Blighia sapida (akee apple), Canella winterana, Chrysobalanus icaco, Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Citrofortunella mitis, Citrus spp, Clausena lansium, Coccoloba uvifera, Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell- pepper), Casimiroa edulis, Chrysophyllum cainito, Chrysophyllum oliviforme, Clausena lansium, Coccoloba uvifera, Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros virginiana,Dovyalis caffra, Ficus carica (ara, fig), Flacourtia indica, Fortunella margarita (oval kumquat), 14 Fortunella x crassifolia, Garcinia aristata, Garcinia mangostana (manggis, mangosteen), Garcinia livingstonei, Solanumlycopersicum(tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Malpighia glabra, Momordica balsamina, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Murraya spp. (kemuning, mock orange), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates- palm), Pimenta dioica, Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium longipes, Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis (pear), Pouteria campechiana, Psidium guineense, Spondias spp., Spondias mombin, Synsepalum dulcificum. Spondias cytherea, Syzygium cumini (jamblang, java plum)), Syzygium samarangense (jambu Semarang, java apple), Terminalia catappa, 15 Terminalia muelleri, Triphasia sp.,
16. 14.Ancistrotermes latinotus Holmgren; Isoptera: Termitidae; Termit II Eucalyptus tereticomis batang, kayu Africa: Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Congo
17. 15.Ancita crocogaster Boisduval; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; Grey longicorne beetle II Acacia spp. batang, kayu Oceania: Australia
18. 16.Ancita marginicollisBoisduval; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; Hitechiked longicorn II Acacia spp. batang, kayu Oceania: Australia
19. 17.Anobium punctatum DeGeer; Coleoptera: Anobiidae;Common furniture beetle, woodworm II Dacrycarpus dacrydioides (kahikatea), Dacr ydium cupressinum (rimu), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir), Thuja plicata (western red cedar) batang, ranting, kayu, furniture Africa: all America: USA Asia: China Europe: all Oceania:Australia, New Zealand
20. 18.Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky; Coleptera: Cerambycidae; Asian Longhorn beetle, starry sky beetle II Acer negundo, Aesculus hippocastanum, Populus spp., Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix spp., Salix babylonica, Salix matsunada, Ulmus pumila, Ulmus laeuig, Eucalyptus diversicolor, Acer buergerianum, Acer davidii, Acer grosseri, Acer palmatum, Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer batang, kayu America: USA, Canada Asia: China, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic (South Korea) Europe: France, Germany, Italy, Poland, England, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia 16 rubrum, Acer robustrum, Acer saccharum, Acer saccharinum, Acer truncatum, Alnus sp., Betula platyphylla, Elaegnus angustifolia, Fraxinus sp., Hippophae rhamnoides, Liriodendron tulifera, Malus sylvestris, Morus alba, Platanus orientalis, Sophora sp.,Tilia tuan,
21. 19.Antestiopsis facetoides Le Pelley; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae; cherry and flower feeder II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) tunas, batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Tunisia.
22. 20.Antestiopsis intricataGhesq & Carayon; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae; antestia bug II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) tunas, batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Central Africa, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo, Uganda
23. 21.Antestiopsis orbitalis Westwood; (=Antestia lineaticolli =A.orbitalis facetus =Antestiopsis lineaticollis =A. orbitalis bechuana =A. orbitalis ghesquieri =A. orbitalis orbItalys); Hemiptera: Pentatomidae; antestia II Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, arabica coffee) Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) tunas, batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa: Angola, Burundi, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
24. 22.Anthonomus grandisBoheman; (=Anthonomus thurberiae Pierce (1913); Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Mexican cotton boll weevil, boll II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Gossypium hirsutum Hibiscus syriacus, Hampea nutricia, Opuntia lindheimeri, Prosopis, glandulosa, bibit, bunga, buah Africa: Benin, South Africa America: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, St. Kitts & 17 weevil, cotton boll weevil, Thurberia weevil Thespesia populnea Nevis, USA, Venezuela
25. 23.Anthonomus signatusSay; (=Anthonomus bisignatus =Anthonomus pallidus =Anthonomus scutellatus); Coleoptera: Curculionidae; strawberry bud weevil, strawberry clipper II Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Rubus idaeus Potentilla, Rubus sp. (blackberry), Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosus,Morus spp. (murbei, mulberry), (raspberry) buah, bunga, media tanam America: Canada, USA
26. 24.Anthonomus vestitus Boheman; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Peruvian boll weevil, Peruvian cotton weevil, Peruvian boll weevil, Peruvian square weevil, Peruvian cotton square weevil II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) Abutilon (Indian mallow), Alcea rosea, Althaea (hollyhocks), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Hibiscus rosa- sinensis, Thespesia bibit, buah, bunga, stek America: Ecuador, Peru
27. 25.Aonidomytilus albus CockereII; (=Coccomytilus dispar=Lepidosaphes alba =L.dispar, Mytilaspis albus, M.dispar); Hemiptera: Diaspididae; cassava scale, white mussel scale, cassava stem mussel scale, tapioca scale II Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) tunas, batang, daun Africa: Angola, Cape Verde, Congo Democratic Republic, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia. America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana France, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Peru, St. 18 Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Virgin Islands Asia: Bahrain, China, India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand
28. 26.Apate monachus Fabricius; (=Apate monacha =A.carmelita =A.francisca =A.gibba =A.mendica =A.monachus var. rufiventris =A.semicostata =A.senii); Coleoptera: Bostrichidae; black borer, twig borer, date palm bostrichid II Azadirachta indica (nimba, neem tree), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea),Casuarina equisetifolia, Citrus sinensis, Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, arabica coffee), Coffea liberica, Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Swietenia mahogany (mahoni, mahogany), Tamarindus indica (asam, tamarind),Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) Annona cherimola (cherimoya), Calicotome spinosa, Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Gleditsia triacanthos, Morrus alba (murbei, mulberry), Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitum, olive), batang, kayu Africa: Algeria, Brazil, Cameroon, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Erythrea, Ethiopia, Guadeloupe, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Martinique, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Puerto Rico, Sao Tome & Principe, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia Asia: Israel, Lebanon, Syria. Europe: France, Italy, Spain 19 Robinia pseudoacacia, Styphnolobium japonicum, Syringa pekinensis, Annona cherimola,Malus domestica (apel, apple), Melia azedarach, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Tamarix gallica, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
29. 27.Apate terebrans Pallas; Coleoptera: Bostricidae; shot-hole borer, trunk borer, girdler II Acacia spp., Albizia lelbeck, A.procera, Anacadium occidentale, Azadirachta indica, Cedrela odorata, Citrus Spp., Coffea arabica, Coffea robusta, Eucalyptus polycarpa, Dalbergia sissoo, Delonix regia, Khaya senegalensis, Melia azedorach, Melia composita, Psidium guajava, Tectona grandis, Terminalia ivorensis, Theobroma cacao, Triplochiton scleroxylon batang, kayu Africa: Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Natal, Sahara, Tanzania, Uganda America: Brazil Asia: India
30. 28.Apriona germmari (Hope); Coleoptera: Cerambycidae;Mulberry longhorn beetle II Artocarpus integra, Morus alba, Salix tetrasperma batang, kayu Asia: Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Pakistan, Vietnam
31. 29.Argyrotaenia velutinanaWalker; (=Eulia velutinana =Tortrix II Acer sp. (maple), Apocynum sp. (dogbane), Ilex decidua, Ambrosia trifida, Betula batang, daun, buah America: Canada, Mexico, USA 20 velutinana); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; redbanded leafroller papyrifera, Chrysanthemum, Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Zinia violacea, Lobelia sp., Lonicera sp., Vaccinium sp., Quercus sp., Geranium sp., Alcea rosea, Myrica gale, Platanthera cristata, Abies balsamea, Larix spp., Picea glauca, Picea mariana, Picea rubens, Pinus sylvestris, Tsuga Canadensis, Malus spp., Prunus domestica, Prunus pensylvania, Prunus persica, Prunus serotina, Rosa spp., Populus tremuloides,
32. 30.Arhopalus ferus Fabricius; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; Burnt pine longicorn II Burned or windthrown pine and spruce batang, kayu Europe: England, Russia Oceania: New Zealand
33. 31.Aspidiotus nerii Bouché; (=Aspidiotus aloes =Aspidiotus hederae =Aspidiotus limonii =Aspidiotus genistae =Chermes aloes =Chermes ericae =Chermes cycadicola =Diaspis bouchei =Aspidiotus II Actinidia chinensis (Chinese gooseberry), Albizia julibrissin (silk tree), Citrus, Olea (olive), Oleaceae, Ananas comosus (nanas, pineapple), Asparagus setaceus (Asparagus fern), Asplenium nidus (bird's nest fern), Ceratonia, Cocos bibit tanaman, bunga, buah, daun, batang Africa: Algeria, Cape Verde, Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya,Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Central America, 21 bouchei =Chermes nerii =Aspidiotus affinis =Aspidiotus caldesii =Aspidiotus denticulatus =Aspidiotus villosus =Aspidiotus budleiae =Aspidiotus ceratoniae = Aspidiotus cycadicola =Aspidiotus epidendri =Aspidiotus ericae =Aspidiotus gnidii =Aspidiotus ilicis =Aspidiotus myricinae =Aspidiotus ulicis =Aspidiotus uriesciae =Aspidiotus lentisci =Aspidiotus capparis =Aspidiotus myrsinae =Aspidiotus budlaei =Aspidiotus atherospermae =Aspidiotus oleae =Aspidiotus corynocarpi =Aspidiotus oleastin =Aspidiotus offinis =Aspidiotus sophorae =Aspidiotus carpodeti =Aspidiotus transpareus var. simillimus =Aspidiotus vagabundus =Aspidiotus simillimus =Aspidiotus transvaalensis =Aspidiotus confusus =Aspidiotus tasmaniae =Aspidiotus nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation), Diospyros (malabar ebony), Hedera helix (ivy), Ilex aquifolium (holly), Juniperus (junipers), Laurus nobilis (sweet bay), Magnolia, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Melia azedarach (Chinaberry), Morus (mulberry tree), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Nerium (oleander), Orchidaceae (orchids), Pandanus (screw-pine), Phoenix (date palm), Plumeria rubra var. acutifolia (Mexican frangipani), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (European pear), Rosa (mawar, roses), Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Chile,Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, North America, USA,Peru, Uruguay Asia: China,Iran, Israel, Japan,Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey Europe: Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Croatia, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Serbia, Slovenia, UK, Yugoslavia Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island 22 viresciae =Octaspidiotus atherospermae =Chermes hederae =Chermes genistae =Chermes osmanthi =Aspidiotus transpareus var. rectangulatus =Aspidiotus rectangulatus =Aspidiosus unipectinatus =Aspidiotus hederae var. urenae =Aspidiotus urenae =Octaspidiotus anthospermae =Aspidiotus hederae =Aspidiotus hederae ssp. unisexualis); Hemiptera: Diaspididae; aucuba scale; ivy scale; white scale; oleander scale
34. 32.Augosoma centaurusFabricius; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; stem tissues borer II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, Oilpalm), palma lainnya (other palmae) batang, media tanam, sisa tanaman Africa: Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal.
35. 33.Bactrocera caryeaeKapoor; (=Dacus caryeae Kapoor); Diptera: Tephritidae; Indian fruit fly II Aegle marmelos (maja, bael fruit, golden apple), Citrus spp, Citrus maxima, Citrus reticulata, Malpighia glabra,Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Pouteria sapota, Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava) buah, media tanam (tanah) Asia: India, Sri Lanka.
36. 34.Bactrocera curvipennis(Froggatt); (=Bactrocera II Anacardium occidentale, Annona reticulata, Averrhoa carambola(belimbing, star- buah, media tanam (tanah) Oceania: New Caledonia, Vanuatu 23 curvipennis=Chaetodacus curvipennis =Dacus curvipennis =Strumetacurvipennis); Diptera: Tephritidae; banana fruit fly fruit), Calophyllum inophyllum, Capsicum annuum(cabai besar, paprika, bell pepper), Couthovia neo- caledonica, Carica papaya (pepaya, papaya, pawpaw), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Casimiroa eludis, Citrus latifolia, Citrus maxima, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, Citrus x paradisi, Coffea arabica, Diospyros macrocarpa, Euginia uniflora, Eriobotrya japonica, Fragaria ananassa, Guettarda speciosa, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Meremia tuberosa, Malphigia glabra, Morus alba, Ochrosia elleptica, Psidium cattleianum, Psidium friedrichstalianum, Psidium guajava(jambu biji, guava), Passiflora foetida, Prunus domestica, Prunus persica, Prunus var. nectaria, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Syzygium malaccense, Thevetia peruviana, Terminalia catappa, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grape), Zizyphus mauritania, 24
37. 35.Bactrocera depressa(Shiraki); (=Bactrocera (Paradacus)depressa =B.depressus =Dacus depressus =Paradacus depressus =Zeugodacus depressus); Diptera: Tephritidae; pumpkin fruit fly II Cucurbita moschata (waluh, labu, pumpkin),Cucurbita maxima(waluh, labu parang, pumpkin) buah, media tanam (tanah) Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea
38. 36.Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel);Diptera: Tephritidae; oriental fruitfly II Aegle marmelos, Anacardium occidentale (kacang mete, cashew nut), Annona reticulata (buah nona, srikaya, bullock's heart), Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus heterophyllus (nangka, jackfruit), Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, star fruit), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bellpepper), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Chrysophyllum cainito, Citrus, Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), Citrus maxima (pummelo), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Coffea arabica (arabicacoffee), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, buah, media tanam (tanah) America: USA Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam. Oceania: Belau, French Polynesia, Mariana Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Palau 25 cucumber), Dimocarpus longan (longan), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Ficus racemosa, Flacourtia indica (governor's plum), Malpighia glabra, Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mangifera foetida, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Manilkara zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Mimusops elengi (spanish cherry),Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry), Musa (pisang, banana), Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus mume (Japanese apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium guajava (jambu, guava), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis (pir, European pear), Spondias purpurea(red mombin), Syzygium aqueum 26 (watery rose-apple), Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, clove), Syzygium cumini, Syzygiumjambos (rose apple), Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay-apple), Syzygium samarangense, Terminalia catappa (ketapang, Indian almond), Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus mauritiana
39. 37.Bactrocera invadensDrew, Tsuruta & white; Diptera: Tephritidae II Maerua duchesnei, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Psidium guajava (jambu, guava) Anacardium occidentale (cashew nut), Ananas comosus (nanas, pineapple), Annona cherimola (cherimoya), Annona muricata (sirsak, soursop), Annona squamosa (markisa, sugar apple), Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, star fruit), Blighia sapida (akee apple), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell pepper), Capsicum frustescens (cabai rawit, chilli), Carica papaya (pepaya, papaya), Chrysophyllum albidum, Citrullus colocynthis (colocynth), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), buah, media tanam (tanah) Afrika: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republik, Chad, Congo, DR Cogo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Asia: Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka 27 Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus limon (jeruk lemon, lemon), Citrus reticulata (jeruk mandarin, mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Cordia sinensis, Cucumis ficifolius, Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (labu parang, giant pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (labu parang, ornamental gourd), Diospyros kaki (perismmon), Diospyros montana, Dracaena steudneri, Durio zibethinus (durian, durian), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Ficus sycomorus, Flacourtia indica, Fortunella japonica, Garcinia mannii, Irvingia gabonensis, Landolphia, Malus domestica (apel, apple), Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Musa, Musa x paradisiaca (pisang, banana), Nauclealatifolia (pin cushion tree), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Saba senegalensis, Sclerocarya 28 birrea (marula), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Sorindeia madagascariensis, Spondias dulcis (otaheite apple), Spondias mombin (hog plum), Strychnos mellodora, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium malaccense, Syzygium semarangense, Terminalia catappa, Vitellaria paradoxa, Ziziphus mauritania
40. 38.Bactrocera jarvisi(Tryon); (=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus jarvisi=D.australis =Chaetodacus jarvisi); Diptera: Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly II Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Terminalia catappa(ketapang, Indian almond) Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Annona glabra, Annona muricata (sirsak, soursop), Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Averrhoa carambola(belimbing, star- fruit), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw,papaya), Citrus spp (jeruk, orange), Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Feijoa sellowiana, Fortunella japonica (kumkwat, kumquat), Malus domestica buah, media tanam (tanah) Oceania: Australia 29 (apel, apple), Malpighia emarginata, Musa paradisiaca (pisang, kepok, plantain), Opuntia sp., Passiflora quadrangularis(markisa, passion-fruit, granadilla), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Planchonia careya, Pouteria campechiana, Pouteria caimito, Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium cattleianum, Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Spondias purpurea, Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay apple), Syzygium samarangense (jambu Semarang, Java apple), Terminalia arenicola
41. 39.Bactrocera kandiensisDrew &Hancock; (=Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri Lankan fruit fly II Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Annona glabra, Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Artocarpus integrifolius (nangka, jackfuit), Artocarpus heterophyllus (nangka, jackfruit), Averrhoa buah, media tanam (tanah) Asia: Sri Lanka 30 carambola(belimbing, carambola, star-fruit), Citrus maxima, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Spondias cytherea, Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, clove), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango) Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya)
42. 40.Bactrocera kinabaluDrew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; Kinabalu fruit fly II Persea americana (avokad, avocado) buah, media tanam (tanah) Asia: Malaysia
43. 41.Bactrocera neohumeralis Hardy; (=Chaetodacus humeralis=C.tryoni var. sarcocephali =Dacus neohumeralis =Dacus tryoni var. neohumeralis); Diptera: Tephritidae; lesser Queensland fruit fly II Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava) Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew), Annona spp. (buah nona, sirsak, srikaya, annona, soursop, sweetsop), Annona glabra, Annona muricata, Annona reticulata, Annona squamosa(sugar apple),Avverhoa carambola (belimbing, carambola, star fruit), Cananga odorata buah, media tanam (tanah) Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea. 31 (kenanga, cadmia), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Clausena lansium, Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung, Alexandrian laurel), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell pepper), Crateva religiosa, Chrysophyllum cainito (kenitu, sawo duren, cainito), Casimiroa edulis, Cyphomandra betacea, Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Eugenia dombeyi, Eugenia uniflora,Feijoa sellowiana, Fortunella japonica (kumkwat, kumquat), Solanumlycopersicum(tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Malpighia emarginata, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Morus nigra (murbei, mulberry), Musa x paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Muntingia calabura 32 (kersen, talok, Jamaica cherry), Myrciaria cauliflora, Passiflora spp, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date- palm), Pouteria caimito, Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rollinia mucosa, Rubus rosaefolius, Solanum laciniatum, Solanum seaforthianum, Spondias mombin, Spondias purpurea, Synsepa lum dulcificum, Syzygium spp, Terminalia catappa, Vitis labrusca, Ziziphus jujuba.
44. 42.Bactrocera passiflorae(Froggatt); (=Bactrocera passiflorae =Chaetodacus passiflorae =Dacus passiflorae =Strumeta passiflorae); Diptera: Tephritidae; Fijian fruit fly II Anacardium occidentale, Artocarpus altilis, Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw,papaya), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus reticulata, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Passiflora edulis, Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, passion-fruit, granadilla), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava) Theobroma cacao (kakao, buah, media tanam (tanah) Oceania: Fiji, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, Wallis-Futuna. 33 cocoa)
45. 43.Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; Phillippines fruit fly II Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Artocarpus communis (sukun, breadfruit), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Averrhoa carambola(belimbing, star- fruit), Ananas comosus (nanas, pineapple), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Pouteria duklitan, Spondias purpurea, Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay apple) buah, media tanam (tanah) Asia: Philippines
46. 44.Bactrocera psidii(Frogg.); (=Dacus psidii =D. ornatissimus =D. virgatus=Strumeta psidii =Tephritis psidii); Diptera: Tephritidae; South Sea guava fruit fly II Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Prunus persica (persik, peach) Aleurites moluccana (kemiri, candle nut), Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Annona muricata, Annona reticulata, Annona squamosa(srikaya, sweetsop), Carica papaya (pepaya, papaya, pawpaw), Cerbera manghas, Caryophyllus sp., Citrus maxima (jeruk Bali, pummelo), Diospyros bicolor, Diospyros kaki, Diospyros buah, media tanam (tanah) Oceania:New Caledonia 34 macrocarpa, Eugenia uniflora, Diospyros sp., Ficus spp., Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Malphigia glabra, Morus alba,Psidium cattleianum, Psidium guajava(jambu biji, guava), Prunus granatum, Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Syzygium jambos, Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay apple), Terminalia catappa (ketapang, indian almond),Thevetia peruviana, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grape)
47. 45.Bactrocera pyrifoliaeDrew & Hancock; Diptera: Tephritidae; pyrifolia fruit fly II Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus pyrifolia (Pear) buah, media tanam (tanah) Asia: Thailand, Vietnam
48. 46.Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt); (=Bactrocera tryoni =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni =Dacus tryoni =D. ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni); Diptera: Tephritidae; Queensland fruit fly II Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Anona spp, Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, star- fruit), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell-pepper), Chrysophyllum cainito, Casimiroa edulis, Eriobotrya buah, media tanam (tanah) Oceania: Australia, Polynesia France, New Caledonia. 35 japonica (lokwat, loquat), Eugenia uniflora, Fortunella japonica (kumkwat, kumquat), Solanumlycopersicum(tomat, tomato), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Morus nigra, Passiflora quadrangularis(markisa, passion-fruit, granadilla), Passiflora suberosa,Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium cattleianum, Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Syzygium spp, Terminalia catappa (ketapang, indian almond). Aegle marmelos (maja, bael fruit), Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Averrhoa bilimbi (belimbing sayur, bilimbi), Blighia sapida, Cananga odorata (kenanga, cadmia), Citrus spp., Clausena lansium, Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung, alexander laurel), Cucurbita maxima(waluh, labu parang, 36 pumpkin), Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Cyphomandra betacea, Dimocarpus longan (kelengkeng, longan), Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Dovyalis caffra, Eremocitrus glauca, Eugenia dombeyi, Feijoa sellowiana, Ficus racemosa, Flacourtia jangomas, Flacourtia rukam (rukem, rukam), Fortunellax crassifolia, Grewia asiatica, Juglans regia (walnut, walnut), Dimocarpus litchii (leci,litchii), Malpighia emarginata, Mimusops elengi (tanjung, asian bulletwood), Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Morus alba (murbei, mulberry), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Myrciaria cauliflora, Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan, rambutan), Nerium oleander, Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitum, olive), Opuntia ficus- indica, Passiflora foetida, Passiflora quadrangularis (markisa, passion fruit, 37 granadilla), Persea americana (avocad, avocado), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates- palm), Physalis peruviana (gooseberry), Pometia pinnata, Pouteria campechiana, Pouteria caimito, Pouteria sapota, Prunus spp., Psidium guineense, Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Phyllanthus acidus, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rollinia mucosa, Rollinia pulchrinervis, Rubus fruticosa, Rubus ursinus, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Solanum spp., Spondias spp., Synsepalum dulcificum, Syzygium spp., Thevetia peruviana, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Vitis labrusca, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Ziziphus mauritiana
49. 47.Bactrocera tsuneonis(Miyake); (=Dacus chenia =D. tsuneonis =Tetradacus tsuneonis); Diptera: Tephritidae; Japanese orange fly, Citrus fruit fly II Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Citrus aurantium, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, Fortunella margarita (oval kumquat), Fortunella x crassifolia, Musa spp. (pisang, banana) buah, media tanam (tanah) Asia: China, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam 38
50. 48.Bothynus gibbosus De Geer; (=Ligyrus gibbosus =L.californicus); Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; carrot beetle, carrot head beetle, muck beetle II Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Helianthus anuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Zea mays (jagung, corn) batang, umbi, akar, tanah America: Canada, Mexico, USA
51. 49.Busseola fusca Fuller; (=Calamistis fusca =Busseola sorghicida =Sesamia fusca); Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; African maize stalk borer, maize stalk borer, maize stem borer, sorghum stalk/stem borer II Zea mays (jagung, corn), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Eleusine coracana, Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),Pennisetum glaucum (bajra, pearl-millet), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Hyparrhenis rufa, Hyparrhenis tamba, Megathyrsus maximus, Pennisetum purpureum, Rotboellia cochinchinensis batang, stalk, daun, bunga, akar Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, DR Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
52. 50.Caliothrips masculinus Hood; Thysanoptera: Thripidae II Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) daun America: Trinidad and Tobago
53. 51.Carposina sasakii Matsumura; (=Carposina niponensis (Wals.) =C. persicana =Cydia persicana); Lepidoptera: Carposinidae; peach fruit moth, peach fruit borer II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Prunus persica (persik, peach) Aronia arbutifolia, Chaenomeles japonica, Cornus mas, Cratageus cuneata, Cydonia oblonga (quince), Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Malus spp., Phoenix buah Asia: China, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea). Europe: Russia 39 dactylifera (kurma, dates- palm), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus domesticum (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Sorbus aucuparia, Ziziphus jujube
54. 52.Caulophilus oryzae(Gyllenhal); (=Caulophilus latinasus=Rhyncolus oryzae); Coleoptera: Curculionidae; broad nosed grain weevil, broad nosed granary weevil II Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Pennisetum spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn) Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) biji, umbi, akar, rhizome America: Cuba, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, USA Europe: Portugal
55. 53.Cephus cinctusNorton; (=Cephusoccidentalis); Hymenoptera: Cephidae; wheat stem sawfly western wheat-stem fly II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), serealea (cerealia) Agropyron, Elymus, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Phleum batang America: Canada, USA. Asia: Kazakhstan Europe: Russia
56. 54.Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann); (=Ceratitis citriperda =Ceratitis hispanica =Tephritis capitata); Diptera: Tephritidae; Mediterranean fruit fly, medfly II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Annona spp., Malus domestica (apel, apple), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell-pepper), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Solanumlycopersicum(tomat, buah, media tanam (tanah) Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, DR Congo, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, St. Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, 40 tomato), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava) Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Annona reticulata, Citrus spp, Carissa spp., Chrysophyllum cainito, Casimiroa edulis, Cyphomandra betacea, Dovyalis caffra, Eugenia spp., Garcinia mangostana (manggis, mangosteen), Juglans regia, Dimocarpus litchii (leci,litchii), Malpighia glabra, Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Morus, Mespilus germanica, Muntingia calabura (kersen, talok, jamaica cherry), Opuntia spp., Passiflora coerulea, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Physalis peruviana, Psidium longipes, Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Rubus loganobaccus, Santalum album, Solanum spp., Spondias cytherea, Syzygium spp., Thevetia peruviana,Pouteria viridis, Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Antilles Netherlands, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Asia: China, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Chile, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. Oceania: Australia. 41 Chrysophyllum oliviforme, Cydonia oblonga (quince), Diospyros spp., Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Eugenia dombeyi, Eugenia uniflora, Feijoa sellowiana, Fortunella japonica (kumkwat, kumquat), Garcinia livingstonei, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (avocad, avocado), Pouteria sapota, Prunus americana(aprikot, apricot), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Spondias purpurea, Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Terminalia catappa(ketapang, indian almond), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
57. 55.Ceratitis cosyra(Walker); (=Ceratitis giffardi =Pardalaspis cosyra =P.giffardi =P.giffardi var. sarcocephali =P.parinarii=P.sarcocephali =Trypeta cosyra); Diptera: Tephritidae; mango fruit fly, marula fruit fly II Mangifera indica (mangga, mango) Anisophyllea laurina, Annona spp, Annona cherimola, Annona muricata, Annona reticulata, Annona senegalensis, Canopharyngia penduliflora, Landolphia sp., Saba senegalensis, Citrus aurantium (jeruk nipis, lime), buah, media tanam (tanah) Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central Africa, DR Congo, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe. 42 Chrysobalanus sp., Parinari mobola, Diospyros mespiliformis, Dovyalis caffra, Nauclea latifolia, Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Sclerocarya birrea, Sarcocephalus esculentus, Uapaca kirkiana, Warburgia ugandensis
58. 56.Ceratitis punctataWied.; (=Pardalaspis punctata=P. senegalensis =Tephritis senegalensis); Diptera: Tephritidae; cacao fruit fly II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, granadilla, passion fruit), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Chrysophyllum albidum Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) buah, media tanam (tanah) Africa: Cameroon, DR Congo, Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
59. 57.Ceratitis quinaria(Bezzi); (=Pardalaspis quinaria); Diptera: Tephritidae; Rhodesian fruit fly II Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach) buah, media tanam (tanah) Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Ivory Coast, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe Asia: Yemen
60. 58.Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa ); Diptera: Tephritidae; Natal fruit fly II Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, star-fruit), Carica buah, media tanam (tanah) Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, 43 papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Citrus spp, Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell-pepper), Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Eugenia uniflora, Ficus carica (ara, fig), Garcinia mangostana (manggis, mangosteen), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Psidium longipes, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Syzygium spp., Terminalia catappa(ketapang, indian almond), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Ziziphus jujuba, Annona reticulate (fruit nona, custard apple), Carissa macrocarpa, Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Dimocarpus litchii (leci, litchii), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Vitis vinifera (anggur, Zimbabwe. 44 grapevine)
61. 59.Chaetocnema confinis Crotch.; (=Chaetocnema flavicornis =Chaetocnema etiennei =Chaetocnema perplexa); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; flea beetle; sweet potato flea beetle; flea beetle. II Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Calystegia sepium (great bindweed), Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Ipomoea pandurata (bigroot morningglory (USA)), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Pharbitis purpurea (Tall morning glory), Zea mays (jagung, corn) Abutilon hybridum (Indian mallow), Acer negundo (box elder), Acer platanoides (Norway maple), Aesculus (buckeye), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), Arctium minus (common burdock), Avena sativa (oats), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera (turnip rape), Catalpa bignonioides (Southern catalpa), Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry), Fraxinus americana (white ash), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Helianthus tuberosus daun, tunas, bibit tanaman Africa: Comoros, Gambia, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa America: Brazil, Canada, USA,Ecuador, El Salvador Asia: Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam Europe: Guernsey Oceania: French Polynesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, Palau 45 (Jerusalem artichoke), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Mucuna (velvetbeans), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus na (common chokecherrytree), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Secale cereale (rye), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Tilia americana (basswood), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
62. 60.Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell; (=Capitophorus fragaefoli i=Capitophorus fragariae =Chaetosiphon fragariae =Myzus fragaefolii =Myzus fragariae =Passerinia fragaefolii =Pentatrichopus fragaefolii =Pentatrichopus fragariae; Hemiptera: II Fragaria ananassa (strawberry) Fragaria chiloensis (Chilean strawberry), Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry), Fragaria vesca var. semperflorens (Perpetual strawberry), Rosa rugosa bibit tanaman, daun, tunas America: Argentina, Canada, USA, Bolivia Asia: Israel, Japan, Philippines Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Italy, Macedonia, Portugal, Serbia and Montenegro, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom Oceania; Australia, New Zealand 46 Aphididae; strawberry aphid
63. 61.Chilo orichalcociliellus(Strand); (=Chilotraea argyrolepia =Diatraea argyrolepia =Proceras argyrolepia =P. argyrolepidus =P.orichalcociliella =Chilo argyrolepia =Diatraea orichalcociliella); Lepidoptera: Crambidae; coastal stalk borer II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Poaceae, Panicum miliaceum batang, daun, tangkai tongkol (stalk) Africa: Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya, Madagascar
64. 62.Cholus cattleyaeChampion; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; cattleya weevil II anggrek (Orchidaceae) tanaman, batang, daun, bunga America: USA
65. 63.Chrysobothris femorataOlivier; Coleoptera: Buprestidae; flatheaded apple tree borer II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), other stone fruit (buah batu lainnya) batang, daun, tunas America: Canada, Mexico, USA
66. 64.Chrysobothris maliHorn.; Coleoptera: Buprestidae; Pacific flatheaded apple tree borer II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), other stone fruit (buah batu lainnya) batang, daun, tunas America: Canada, USA
67. 65.Cicadulina bipunctata(Melichar); (=Cicadulina bipunctata bipunctella=C.bipunctella=C.b II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Sorghum bicolor batang, daun Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia Asia:Japan, Syria, Turkey Europe: Italy 47 ipunctella zeae=C.zeae =Gnathodus bipunctata); Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; maize leaf hopper, sorghum jassid (sorgum, sorghum), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane)
68. 66.Cicadulina latensFennah.; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; Maize leaf hopper II Zea mays (jagung, corn) batang, daun Africa: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda.
69. 67.Cicadulina mbila(Naude); (=Balclutha mbila); Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; maize leafhopper II Zea mays (jagung, corn) S): Avena sativa (oat, oat), Cynodon spp., Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine coracana, Oryza glaberrima, Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Pennisetum glaucum, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Panicum spp., Paspalum conjugatum, Pennisetum spp., Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), serealea (cerealia), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea perennis batang, daun Africa: Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Asia: India, Tajikistan, Yemen
70. 68.Cicadulina storeyi China; (=Cicadulina nicholsi =C. triangula); Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; maize leafhopper II Zea mays (jagung, corn), Poaceae, Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) batang, daun Africa: Ethiopia, Nigeria, Togo, Northwest Africa, Zimbabwe
71. 69.Coccus alpinusde Lotto; II Syzygium aquea (jambu air, batang, Africa: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, 48 Hemiptera: Coccidae ; soft green scale star apple), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) ranting, daun, buah Tanzania, Uganda.
72. 70.Coccus elongates Signoret; Hemiptera: Coccidae;Scale insect II Albizia falcataria (L.), Albazia spp., Acacia catechu, Acecia, elenoxylon, Coffee spp. (Kopi, coffee), batang, ranting, daun Africa: Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda America: Barbados Asia: India Europe: Seychelles, England
73. 71.Coelaenomenodera elaeidisMaulik, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; hispid leafminer, oilpalm leafminer II Elaeis Borassus flabelifer (lontar, palmyra palm), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Pennisetum purpureum (rumput gajah, elephant grass), Roystonea regia (palem raja, royal palm). batang, daun Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, DR Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe
74. 72.Conotrachelus nenuphar(Herbst); (=Curculio nenuphar); Coleoptera: Curculionidae; plum curculio, American, plum weevil, peach curculio II Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus avium, Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus cerasus (ceri, cherry), other stone fruit Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus japonica, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Malus domestica(apel, apple),Vaccinium spp., Ribes spp., Vitis vinifera (anggur, buah, tanah America: Canada, USA 49 grapevine), Vitis rotundifolia
75. 73.Coptotermes acinaciformis Froggatt;Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae; subterranean termite II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Pinus radiata batang, kayu, akar Oceania: widespread
76. 74.Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki; Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae;Formosan subterranean termite, Formosan termite II Acer rubrum, Chamaecyparis thyoides, Cinnamomum camphora, Eucalyptus, Fraxinus berlanderiana, Liquidambar styracifua, Picea engelmannii, Pinus (pines), Quercus (oak), Saccharum officinarum, Taxodium distichum batang, kayu, akar, furniture Africa: South Africa America: USA Asia: China, Taiwan
77. 75.Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann);Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae II Acacia nilotica (gum arabic tree), Eucalyptus tereticornis (forest red gum), Morus (mulberry tree), Populus (poplars), Prunus domestica (plum) batang, kayu, akar Asia: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan
78. 76.Corythucha marmorataUhler; Hemiptera: Tingidae; Chrysanthemum lace bug II Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, chrysant ) batang, daun, bunga America: USA Asia: Japan
79. 77.Crioceris asparagi(Linnaeus); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; Asparagus beetle II Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus) batang, daun, bunga America: Canada, USA. Europe: all
80. 78.Crioceris duodecimpunctata(Linnaeus); (=Chrysomela duodecimpunctata=Lema II Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus) batang, daun, bunga America: Canada, North America, USA Europe: France, Italy, Netherland 50 duodecimpunctata); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; spotted Asparagus beetle, twelve-spotted Asparagus beetle
81. 79.Cryptophlebia leucotreta Meyrick; (=Argyroploce leucotreta=Cryptophlebia roerigii=Thaumatotibia roerigii=Olethreutes leucotreta =Thaumatotibia leucotreta); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; false codling moth, Citrus codling moth, orange codling moth II Abutilon hybridum, Ananas comosus (nanas, pineapple), Annona muricata (sirsak, soursop), Averrhoa carambola(belimbing, carambola, star-fruit), Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell-pepper), Ceiba pentandra (kapuk randu, kapok), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange),Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, arabica coffee), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Litchi chinensis (leci, lichi), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitum, olive), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium guajava(jambu biji, guava), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, corn) buah, bunga Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, St. Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: USA Asia: Israel 51 Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Dimocarpus litchii (leci, lychee), Macadamia ternifolia
82. 80.Cryptotermes domesticus Haviland; Isoptera: Kalotermitidae; drywood termite II Any hardwood and softwood batang, kayu America: Panama, Trinidad and Tobago Asia: China,Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Guam, Papua New Guinea, Salomon Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu
83. 81.Cydia pomonella Linnaeus; (=Laspeyresia pomonella =Carpocapsa pomonella =C. pomonana =Enarmoniapomonella =Phalaena pomonella); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; codling moth, walnut worm II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus dulcis (almon, almond), Zea mays (jagung, corn) buah Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Tunisia America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, USA Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, 52 Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
84. 82.Cylas puncticollis Boheman; (=Cylas compressus); Coleoptera: Apionidae; African sweet potato weevil, sweet potato weevil II Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato) Abelmoschus, Astripomoea lachnosperma, Boerhavia, Celosia, Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Commelina, Corchorus, Hibiscus, Ipomoea eriocarpa, Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Vigna cylindricaI (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vigna unguiculata, Zea mays (jagung, corn) batang, daun, umbi Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia
85. 83.Dacus ciliatusLoew; (=Dacus brevistylus, =D. appoxanthus var. decolor =D. coccinae =D. insistens =D. sigmoides =Didacus ciliatus =Leptoxyda ciliata =Tridacus mallyi); Diptera: Tephritidae; lesser melon fly, lesser pumpkin fly II Coccinia trilobata, Corallocarpus ellipticus, Cucumis aculeatus, Cucumis africanus, Cucumis dipsaceus, Cucumis melo, Cucumis metuliferus, Cucumis myriocarpus, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbitaceae, Kedrostis foetidissima, Kedrostis leloja, Lagenaria siceraria, Momordica balsamina, Momordica charantia, Momordica rostrata, Peponium mackenii, Trichosanthes buah, media tanam (tanah) Africa: Angola, Cameroon, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Northwest Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, DR Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe Asia: Bangladesh, India, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. 53 cucumerina var. anguinea Citrullus colocynthis, Citrus sinensis, Cucumis sativus, Luffa acutangula, Luffa aegyptiaca, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato)
86. 84.Delia antiquaMeigen; (=Anthomyia antique =A. ceparum =Chortophila antiqua =Delia cepetorum =Hylemya antiqua =H. ceparum =Leptohylemyia antique =Pegomyia ceparum =P. cepetorum =Phorbia ceparum =P. cepetorum =P. antiqua); Diptera: Anthomyiidae; onion maggot, onion fly II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Allium ascalonicum(bawang merah, shallot), Allium porrum (bawang prei, leek) Allium cepa var. aggregatum, Allium fistulosum, Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Allium schoenoprasum, Allium spp. batang, daun, umbi, media tanam, tanah, akar Africa: Crozet Islands, Egypt America: Antigua and Barbuda, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, USA Asia: Armenia, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Mongolia, Philippines, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
87. 85.Delia arambourgi(Seguy); (=Delia dispar =Hylemya dispar =Hylemya arambourgi); Diptera: Anthomyiidae; barley fly II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), serealia lainnya (other cerealia) batang, daun, akar, media tanam, tanah Africa: Ethiopia 54
88. 86.Delia platura(Meigen); (=Anthomyia cana =A.corelia =A.deceptiva =A.diversa =A.funesta =A.lanicrus =A.perrima =A.platura =A.platygaster =A.radicum var. calopteni =A.raphani =A.rubifrons =A.sergia =A.tinia =A.trifilis =A.tyana =A.viana =A.zeas =Aricia fusciceps =Chortophila cana=C.deceptiva =C.prisca =C.rubifrons =C.spinipes =C.trifilis =Delia cilicrura =D.prisca =Dialyta cupreifrons =Eriphia marginata =Homalomyia rava =Hylemya cana =H.deceptiva =H.fusciceps =H.platura =H.prisca =H.spinipes =H.trifilis =Pegomyia fusciceps =Phorbia cilicrura =P.fusciceps =P.novazealandica =P.prisca =P.spinipes =H.cilicrura =Chortophila cilicrura =Phorbiaplatura); Diptera: Anthomyiidae; corn seed maggot, bean seed fly, seed potato maggot II Gossypium hirsutum, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Juniperus na, Larix laricina, Phaseolus lunatus, Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Citrullus lanatus, Citrullus vulgaris(semangka, watermelon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Pinus merkusii (tusam, pinetree) albus, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Phaseolus coccineus, Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn) biji, akar, media tanam, tanah Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Morocco, Rwanda, St. Helena, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Greenland, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Faroes Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
89. 87.Delia radicumLinnaeus; II Brassica oleracea capitata batang, daun, Africa: Algeria, Morocco 55 (=Anthomyia brassicae =A. radicum =Aricia villipes =Chortophila appendiculata =C. floccosa =C. frontalis =Delia brassicae =Eustalomyia brassicae =Hylemya brassicae =H. brassicae =Musca radicum =Pegomya brassicae =Erioischia brassicae =Chortophila brassicae =Phorbia brassicae); Diptera: Anthomyiidae; cabbage maggot, cabbage root fly, radish fly (kubis, cabbage), Brassica oleracea, Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, Brassica oleracea subsp. italica, Cruciferae Brassica napus var. napobrassica, Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis, Matthiola spp., Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Armoracia rusticana akar, media tanam, tanah America: Canada, USA Asia: Armenia, China, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom
90. 88.Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins;Coleoptera: Scolytidae; pinus beetle, mountain pine beetles II Pinus spp batang, ranting, kayu America: USA, Canada
91. 89.Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim; (=Chrysomela duodecimpunctata =Crioceris sexpunctata =Diabrotica duodecimpunctata =D.soror =D.undecimpunctata subsp. Howardi Barber); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; 12-spotted cucumber beetle, southern corn rootworm, spotted cucumber beetle, western spotted cucumber beetle II Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), Citrullus lanatus, Cucurbita pepo (labu kuning, zucchini) Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Chenopodium quinoa, batang, akar, daun, bunga, media tanam America: Canada, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, USA 56 Phaseolus vulgaris(buncis, common bean)
92. 90.Diaprepes abbreviatus(Linnaeus); (=Curculio abbreviatus =Diaprepes festivus =D. irregularis =D. quadrilineatus =Exophthalmusabbreviatus); Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Citrus weevil, sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, Citrus weevil, sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, West Indian weevil, West Indian sugarcane root borer, West Indian weevil II Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan, rambutan) S): Aeschynomene americana, Aloe vera, Apium graveolens, Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Ardisia crispa, Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Canavalia gladiata, Cedrela odorata, Ceiba pentandra (kapuk, kapok), Centrosema pubescens, Chrysobalanus icaco, Chrysophyllum cainito, Canocarpus erectus, Crotalaria, Dimocarpus longan, Dioscorea, Diospyros virginiana, Dizygotheca elegantissima, Eriobitrya japonica, erythrina barteroana, Erythrina poeppigiana, Euginia uniflora, Faramea occidentalis, Gladiolus hybrids, Gliricidia sepium, Guaiacum officinale, Hoya carnosa, Jatropha akar, batang, daun America: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA 57 curcas, Juniperus conferta, Juniperus virginiana, Lablab purpureus, Lagerstromia speciosa, Manihot esculenta, Maranta leuconeura, Mucuna pruriens, Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), kacang, Coffe aspp. (kopi, coffee), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Achras (=Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates- palm), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, bell-pepper), Rhizophora mangle, Ricinus communis, Saccharum officinarum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Solanum melongena(terung, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Spondias mombin, Spondias purpurea, Swietenia macrophylla, 58 Swietenia mahagoni, Syzygium jambos, Terminalia catappa, Urena lobata, Ximenia americana, Zanthoxylum, Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Dioscorea spp.
93. 91.Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) Cockerell, Danzig; (=Aonidia fusca =Aonidiella fusca =A. perniciosa =Aspidiotus (Comstockaspis) perniciosus =A. (Diaspidiotus) andromelas =A. (Diaspidiotus) perniciosus =A. (Hemiberlesiana) perniciosus =A. perniciosus =A. albopunctatus =A. fuscus =A. perniciosus =Comstockaspis perniciosa =Diaspidiotus perniciosus =Hemiberlesia perniciosa =Quadraspidiotus perniciosus =Q.perniciosus); Hemiptera: Coccidae; California scale, Chinese scale, perniciosus scale, San José scale II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Prunus persica nectarina (nektarin, nectarine) Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), buah batu (stone fruit) batang, daun, buah, stalk Africa: Algeria, Angola, DR Congo,Congo, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen Europe: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 59
94. 92.Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret; (=Aulacaspis boisduvalii = Diaspos palmarum); Hemiptera: Diaspididae; boisduval scale, coconut snow scale, orchid, scale, pinapple scale II Ananas comosus (nanas, pineapple), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Musa spp. (pisang, banana) batang, daun, stalk (khusus A. comosus) America: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Dominica, Guyana France, Guadelope, Guyana, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis
95. 93.Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius; (=Chilo obliteratellus =Crambus leucaniellus =C. lineosellus =C. sacchari =Diatraea continens =D. crambidoides =D. pedidocta =D. saccharalis va grenadensis=D. sacchari =D. sacchari f. brasiliensis=Phalaena saccharalis=D. obliteratella =D. obliteratellus=D.incomparella) ; Lepidoptera: Crambidae; sugarcane stalk borer, sugarcane borer, sugarcane moth borer, American sugarcane borer, small moth borer, small sugarcane moth borer II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Panicum dichotomiflorum, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum halepense, Zea mays (jagung, corn) batang, daun America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, France Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe,Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis,St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
96. 94.Diopsis longicornisMacquart; (=Diasemopsis macrophthalma =Diopsis macrophtalma =Diopsis thoracica); Diptera: II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) batang, daun Africa: Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, West Africa, Zimbabwe Asia: India, Philippines 60 Diopsidae; stalk-eyed fly
97. 95.Diorymerellus laevimargoChampion; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; orchid weevil II Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid) batang, daun, bunga America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana
98. 96.Diparopsis castanea Hmps.; (= Diparopsis watersi. Rothschild) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; red bollworm, red Sudan bollworm, red Sudan cotton worm, red cotton bollworm II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) Cefenfuegosia heldebrandii; Gossypioides kirkii; Thespesia spp. batang, daun, buah, biji Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
99. 97.Distantiella theobromae(Distant); Hemiptera: Miridae; cocoa capsid, brown capsid, cocoa capsid stem sapper II Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Ceiba pentandra (kapuk randu, kapok) Adansonia digitata, Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) batang, daun, buah Africa: Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leonne, Togo
100. 98.Eldana saccharina Walker; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae; sugarcane stalk borer, African sugarcane borer II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) Cyperus (flatsedge), Cyperus alternifolius, Cyperus digitatus, Megathyrsus maximus, Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Phragmites australis, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Typha latifolia, Zea mays (jagung, corn) batang, daun Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, DR Congo, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe Asia: Saudi Arabia 61
101. 99.Empoasca facialis Jacobi; (=Jacobiella facialis =Chloritafacialis =Chlorita fascialis); Hemiptera, Cicadellidae; green leafhopper II Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant aubergine) batang, daun, buah Africa: Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, DR Congo, Zimbabwe Asia: Cambodia, India Oceania: Australia, Fiji 100.Empoasca lybica De Bergevin; (=Jacobiasca lybica =Austroascalybica =Chlorita lybica =C.signata =Empoasca benedettoi =E.signata =Jacobiasca signata); Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; cotton jassid, green leafhopper (GLH) II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) batang, daun, buah Africa: Algeria, Central Africa, DR Congo, Egypt, Erythrea, Kenya, Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda America: Argentina Asia: India, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Yemen Europe: Albania, Italy, Portugal, Spain 101.Empoasca onukii Matsuda; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; tea green leafhopper II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) batang, daun Asia: Japan, Thailand 102.Epicauta albovittataGestro; Coleoptera: Meloidae; stripped blister beetle II Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell-pepper, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), solanaceae batang, daun, buah Africa: Kenya 103.Epicauta vittata(Fabricius); Coleoptera: Meloidae; stripped blister beetle II Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne). batang, daun, buah Africa: DR Congo America: Canada, USA 62 104.Epilachna similis(Thunberg); (=Chnootriba similis);Coleoptera: Coccinellidae; maize ladybird beetle, cereal ladybird II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Pennisetum spp. Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) batang, daun Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe 105.Epilachna varivestis Mulsant; (=Epilachna corrupta=E.maculiventris); Coleoptera: Coccinellidae; Mexican bean beetle, bean ladybeetle, bean ladybird II Citrus aurantifolia, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Phaseolus acutifolius, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea), leguminosae lainnya (other legume) batang, daun Asia: Japan America: Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, USA 106.Ernobius mollis (Linnaeus);Coleoptera: Anobiidae; pine bark II Picea abies, Pinus batang, kayu, kulit kayu America: USA Europe: Italy, Spain Oceania: Australia 107.Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus); (=Eulecanium coryli = Eulecanium mali =Lecanium coryli =Physokermes coryli = Coccus coryli =Coccus tiliae =Coccus mali =Parthenolecanium coryli =Eulecanium ibericum =Coccus capreae =Coccus alni =Coccus salicum =Coccus fuscus =Coccus aceri =Coccus aceris campestris =Coccus pyri =Coccus rubi =Coccus xylostei =Calypticus fasciatus =Lecanium juglandis =Coccus II Acer campestre (field maple), Aesculus hippocastanum (buckeye), Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Ficus, Fraxinus (ashes), Malus domestica (apple), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum),Pyrus communis (European pear), Acer circinatum, Acer macrophyllum, Acer negundo, Acer platanoides, Acer buah, bibit tanaman Africa: Spain (Canary Islands) America: Canada, USA Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Pakistan, Turkey Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK (Scotland) 63 aesculi =Lecanium fasciatum =Lecanium rubi =Lecanium genevense =Lecanium alni =Lecanium pyri =Lecanium aesculi =Lecanium berberidis =Lecanium cerasi =Lecanium variegatum =Lecanium fuscum =Lecanium (Eulecanium) aesculi =Lecanium (Eulecanium) capreae =Lecanium (Eulecanium) cerasi =Lecanium (Eulecanium) genevense =Lecanium (Eulecanium) juglandis, Lecanium (Eulecanium) rubi =Lecanium (Eulecanium) variegatum =Eulecanium fuscum Lecanium (Saissetia) capreae =Lecanium (Eulecanium) hoferi =Lecanium websteri mirabilis =Eulecanium aceris =Eulecanium aesculi =Eulecanium alni =Eulecanium capreae =Eulecanium cerasi =Eulecanium fasciatum =Eulecanium pyri (Schrank) =Eulecanium rubi =Eulecanium variegatum =Eulecanium websteri pseudoplatanus, Aesculus pavia, Alnus rubra, Betula papyrifera, Betula pubescens, Carpinus betulus, Cornus sanguinea, Corylus avellana, Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry), Holodiscus discolor, Juglans regia, Malus sylvestris, Myrica gale, Parrotia persica, Pistacia palestina, Populus alba, Populus Canadensis, Prunus armeniaca (apricot, apricot), Prunus cerasifera, Prunus cerasus, Prunus laurocerasus, Prunus spinosa, Quercus iberica, Quercus ilex, Quercus robur, Quercus suber, Salix caprea, Salix viminalis, Sorbus, Tilia cordata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus minor, Vaccinium myrtillus (blueberry), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) 64 mirabile =Eulecanium curtisi =Lecanium (Globulicoccus) fuscum =Eulecanium emerici =Globulicoccus fuscus =Lecanium mali =Eulecanium coryli cimbricus =Eulecanium gyrcanicum); Hemiptera: Coccidae; nut scale; thorn scale 108.Eumerus tuberculatusRondani; Diptera: Syrphidae; lesser bulb fly II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Narcissus spp. (narsisus, narcissus), Crinum asiaticum (bakung, lily). Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Irish spp., Lilia spp., Pastinaca sativa (parsnip, parsnip), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Hippeastrum spp. (amarilis, amaryllis), Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Calla elliottiana, Eurycies spp., Galtonia spp., Gladiolus spp., Scilla spp., Sprekelia akar, batang, daun, umbi, tanah America: USA Europe 109.Eupalamides cyparissiasFabricius; (=Castnia daedalus =Castnia dedalus =Lapaeumides dedalus =L.daedalus =Eupalamides dedalus II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) batang, daun America: Guyana Franch Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname 65 =Papilio cyparissias =P.dedalus); Lepidoptera: Castniidae; oilpalm borer, coconut moth borer, stem borer and bunch stalk 110.Euscepes postfasciatus(Fairmaire); (=Batatarhynchus destructor =Cryptorhynchus batatae =C.postfasciatus =Euscepes batatae =Hyperomorphasquamosa); Coleoptera: Curculionidae; West Indian sweet potato weevil, scarabee weevil, small sweet potato weevil II Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Pharbitis nil Ipomoeaaquatica (kangkung, water spinach) batang, akar, umbi America: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Virgin Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela Asia: Japan Oceania: Palau, Cook Island, Micronesia, Fiji, France Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Island, Pitcairn Island, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna 111.Eutinobothrus brasiliensis(Hambleton); (=Gasterocercodes brasiliensis =G.gossypii); Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Brazilian cotton borer, cotton root borer II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, okra),Hibiscus spp. batang, akar America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay 112.Frankliniella fusca (Hinds);(=Euthrips fuscus =E. Nicotiane =Frankliniella II Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell daun, bunga, tunas America: Canada, Cuba, Martinique, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA Europe: Netherlands 66 nicotiane =Physopus fuscus =P. Nicotianae =Scirtothrips owreyi);Thysanoptera: Thripidae; tobacco thrips pepper), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (cotton), Hippeastrum, Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, corn) 113.Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande); (=Euthrips helianthi=Euthrips occidentalis =E.tritici var. californicus =Frankliniella californica =F.canadensis=F.chrysanthe mi =F.claripennis =F.conspicua =F.dahliae =F.dianthi =F.nubila =F.occidentalis f. brunnescens =F.occidentalis
f.dubia=F.syringae =F.triticimaculata =F.tritici var. moultoni =F.umbRosa =F.venusta=F.helianthi =F.moultoni=F.trehernei); Thysanoptera, Thripidae; western flower thrips, alfalfa thrips, flower thrips, western (USA) grass thrips II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Fragaria vesca (wildstrawberry), Cucurbitaceae, Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid), Amaranthus palmeri (palmer amaranth), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Begonia spp., Carthamus tinctorius, Citrus x paradise (grapefruit), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell-pepper), Cyclamen spp., Dahlia spp., Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dianthus caryophyllus (anyelir, carnation), Euphorbia batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa: Algeria, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Swaziland, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Martinique, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela Asia:Cina, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Turkey Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK 67 pulcherrima, Ficus carica (ara, fig), Fuchsia sp., Gerbera jamesonii, Geranium spp., Gladiolus hybrids, Gypsophila, Hibiscus, Impatiens, Kalanchoe, Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Limonium sinuatum, Lisianthus spp., Lathyrus odoratus, Leucaena leucocephala (lamtoro, wild tamarind), Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Medicago sativa(alfalfa, lucerne), Petroselinum crispum (parslei, parsley), Vigna spp. (cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica var. nucipersica (nektarin, nectarine), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Purshia tridentata, Raphanus raphanistrum, Rhododendron spp. (azalea), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Salvia spp., Secale cereale (rye), Sinapis arvensis, Sinningia speciosa, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 68 St.paulia ionantha, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Sonchus spp., Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Trifolium spp., Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zinnia spp. 114.Globitermes sp;Isoptera: Termitidae II Dipterocarpus tuberculatus, Eucalyptus alba, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Hevea brasiliensis, Pinus batang, kayu Asia: Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam 115.Grapholita prunivora(Walsh); (=Cydia prunivora =Laspeyresia prunivora =Semasia prunivora =Enarmonia prunivora); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; lesser apple worm, plum moth II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus domesticum (plum), other stone fruit) Amelanchier, Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang, daun, bunga, buah, media tanam, serasah, tanah America: Canada, USA 116.Grapholitha molesta(Busck); (=Cydia molesta =Laspeyresia molesta =Carpocapsa molesta); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; oriental fruit moth II Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus americana(aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica var. nucipersica (nektarin, nectarine). Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus domesticum (plum), Prunus batang, buah, daun, bunga, media tanam, serasah, tanah Africa: Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA, Uruguay Asia:Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey,Uzbekistan Europe:Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, 69 dulcis (almon, almond), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Pyrus communis (pear), Buah batu lain (other stone fruits), Malus sp., Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat) Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 117.Grapholitha packardiZeller; (=Cydia packardi =Enarmonia packardi =Enarmonia pyricolana =Laspeyresia packardi=L.pyricolana =Steganoptycha pyricolana); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; cherry fruitworm II Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry) Cydonia oblonga, Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus domesticum (plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyracantha, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rosa spp., Vaccinium corymbosum batang, buah, daun, bunga, media tanam, serasah, tanah America: Canada, Mexico, USA 118.Harmolita grandisRiley; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; wheat strand worm II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean) batang, daun, tanah America: USA 119.Harmolita triticiFitch.; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; wheat joint worm II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean) batang, daun, tanah America: USA Asia: West Asia Europe: Russia 120.Helopeltis anacardii Miller; Heteroptera: Miridae; cashew helopeltis II Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut) batang, daun, bunga Africa: Tanzania 121.Helopeltis bergrothi Reuter; (=Helopeltis bergrothi II Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) batang, daun, bunga Africa: Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Republic of Central 70 =H.bergrothi flavescens =H.bergrothi nigripes =H.bergrothi rubrinervis); Heteroptera: Miridae; helopeltis bug, cacao- mosquito, tea-bug, tea- mosquito, cacao mosquito Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), kina, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Ricinus communis (jarak, castor-oil) Africa, DR Congo., Ivory Coast, Guinea Equator, Gabon, Guinea, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Spain (Canary Island), Togo Europe: Spain 122.Helopeltis schoutedeni Reuter; (=Helopeltis sanguineus =H.schoutedeni rubra =H.schoutedeni vanderysti); Heteroptera: Miridae; tea mosquito, cotton bug, cacao-mosquito, tea- bug, cotton helopeltis, cotton helopeltis II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Ricinus communis Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango) batang, daun, buah Africa: Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe 123.Hercinothrips bicinctus(Bagnall); (=Caliothrips bicinctus =Heliothrips bicinctus); Thysanoptera: Thripidae; banana thrips, banana- silvering thrips, smilax thrips II Musa spp. (pisang, banana) batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa: Equatorial Guinea, Guinea, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania America: Bermuda, Brazil, Peru Asia: India Europe: Belgium, Portugal, Spain, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 124.Heteroligus appiusBurm.; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; lesser yam beetle II Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam) batang, daun, umbi Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Dahomey, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo 125.Heteroligus melesBillb.; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; greater yam beetle II Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam) batang, daun, umbi Africa: Bourkina Faso, Cameroon, Dahomey, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Liberia, Nigeria, 71 Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo 126.Hilda patruelis(Stål); Hemiptera: Tettigometridae; groundnut hopper II Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut) Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut); Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange); Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger); Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower); Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean); Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) batang, daun, akar, bunga Africa: Tanzania 127.Homona magnanima Diakonoff; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; leaf roller, tea tortrix, Oriental tea tortrix II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Lithocarpus edulis, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Chrysant hemum spp. (krisan, chrysant ), Paulownia tomentosa, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), buah batu (stone fruit), Eurya spp., Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), tunas, batang, daun Asia: China, Japan, Taiwan 72 Rhododendron Ispp. (azalea), Nandina domestica, Podocarpus spp. 128.Homorocoryphus nitidulus Scopoli; (=Ruspolia differens =R.vicina); Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; edible grasshopper II Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) batang, daun, tanah Africa: Kenya, Zimbabwe 129.Horcias nobilellus Berg.; (=Capsus (Deraeocoris) nobilitatus=Horcias (Horciasoides) nobilellus =H.plagosus =Poecilocopsus nobilellus); Hemiptera: Miridae; cotton plant bug, cotton bug II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Bidens pilosa batang, daun America: Argentina, Bahama, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela 130.Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus); Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; house longhorne beetle/Europen house borer II Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, batang, kayu Africa:Algeria, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Libya, Madagascar, Morocco, South Africa, Spain, Tunisia, Zimbabwe America: USA, Canada, Brazil, Argentina Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey Europe: Uruguay Ocenia: Australia, New Zealend 131.Hyphantria cuneaDrury; (=Hyphantria textor); Lepidoptera: Arctiidae; blackheaded webworm, mulberry moth, redheaded webworm, fall webworm, American white moth II Morus alba, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Juglans nigra (walnut, walnut), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Carya illinoinensis, batang, daun America: Canada, Mexico, USA Asia: China, Japan, Korea, Turkey Europe: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, France, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, 73 Carya ovata, Diospyros na,Liquidambar styraciflua, Prunus avium Carya spp., Humulus lupulus (hops), Ulmus americana, Ailanthus altissima, Juglans regia (walnut, walnut), Pinus densiflora, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Micronesia, Northern Mariana Island 132.Incisitermes minor(Hagen); Isoptera: Kalotermitidae; western drywood termite II Dry wood batang, kayu America: USA, Mexico, canada 133.Ips typographus Linnaeus; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; European spruce bark beetle II Eucalyptus, Oak, pines batang, kayu Asia: China, Japan, Korea Europe: Russia 134.Keiferia lycopercicellaWalsingham;(= Gnorimoschema elmorei =G.lycopersicella =Keiferia elmorei =Phthorimaea elmorei =P.lycopersicella); Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae; tomato pinworm II Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato) Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum nigrum (leunca, black nightshade) batang, daun, buah America: Bermuda, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, USA, Venezuela, Canada, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Peru 135.Lepidosaphes ulmi(Linnaeus); (=Aspidiotus conchiformis =A. falciformis =A.juglandis =A.pomorum =A.pyrus-malus =A.saliceti =Coccus conchiformis =C.ulmi =Diaspis linearis=Lepidosaphes II Fagus grandifolia (American beech), Ficus carica (ara, fig), Fraxinus americana (white ash),Juglans regia (walnut, walnut), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (zaitun, olive), Populus canadensis daun, tanah Africa: Algeria, Egypt, South Africa, Tunisia America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, USA, Uruguay Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Republic of 74 (Mytilaspis) ulmi=L.ceratoniae =L. conchiformis =L.juglandis =L.pomorum =L.ulmi =L.vulva =Mytilaspis (Lepidosaphes) pomorum =M.ceratoniae =M.juglandis =M.pomicorticis =M.pomorum =M.ulicis =M.ulmi =M.vitis =Mytilococcus saliceti =M.ulmi); Hemiptera: Diaspididae; oystershell scale, apple mussel scale, mussel scale (hybrid black poplar), Populus deltoides (poplar), Populus nigra (black poplar), Prunus (buah batu,stone fruit), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Salix alba (white willow), Tilia cordata (small-leaf lime), Vaccinium myrtillus (blueberry) Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Rosa damascena (Damask rose) Korea (South Korea), Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Slovakia, Oceania: Australia 136.Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say; (=Chrysomela decemlineata =Doryphora decemlineata =Leptinotarsa multitaeniata =Polygramma decemlineata); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; Colorado potato beetle, Colorado beetle II Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane), Nicotiana tabacum(tembakau, tobacco) umbi, rimpang, batang, daun, tanah Africa: Gabon America: Canada,Cuba, Guatemala, Mexico, USA Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech,Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine,Montenegro 137.Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor; Hemiptera: Tingidae; lace bug, rubber tingid bug II Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber tree) tunas, batang, daun, bibit, tanaman hasil America: Brazil 75 mikropropagas i 138.Leucoptera caffeina Washburn; (=Leucoptera daricella); Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae; coffee leafminer II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, arabica coffee) Coffea eugenioides daun Africa: Angola, Burundi, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda,Rwanda, Tanzania, Madagascar America: Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela Asia: Yemen 139.Leucoptera coffeella Guer & Menev; (=Perileucoptera coffeella, Cemiostoma coffeella, Elachista coffeella) Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae; coffee leaf miner, white coffee leafminer II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, arabica coffee) daun Africa:Madagascar America: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela 140.Leucoptera coma Ghesq; Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae coffee leafminer II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea canephora (kopi robusta, robusta coffee) daun Africa: Congo, Uganda 76 141.Leucoptera meyrickGhesq.; Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae; coffee leafminer II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) daun Africa: Burundi, Central Africa, Kenya, Rwanda,South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Brazil, Peru 142.Liriomyza bryoniaeKaltenbach; (=Agromyza bryoniaeKaltenbach= Liriomyza citrulla Rohdendorf =Liriomyza mercurialis Hering, Liriomyza solani Hering); Diptera: Agromyzidae; tomato leafminer II Brassica juncea var. juncea (Indian mustard), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassica rapa cultivar group Mizuna, Citrullus, Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita pepo (labu kuning, zucchini), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Polyphagous (polyphagous), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato),Solanaceae, Amaranthus (grain amaranth), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Atropa (Deadly nightshade), Callistephus, Capsicum (peppers), Celosia argentea (celosia), Chenopodium (Goosefoot), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Datura (thorn-apple), Gerbera jamesonii (African daisy), tunas, daun, tanah, bibit Africa: Egypt, Marocco Asia: China, India, Israel, Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Nepal, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam Europe: Albania, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK 77 Hyoscamus, Lamium (deadnettle), Levisticum, Linaria (Toadflax), Lupinus (lupins), Lycium (boxthorn), Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru), Petroselinum (parsley), Petunia, Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Ricinus, Saponaria (soapwort),Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena(terung, eggplant, aubergine), Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Verbena (vervain), Withania 143.Listronotus bonariensis(Kuschel); (=Hyperodes bonariensis Kuschel =Hyperodes griseus Marshall =Neobagous setosus Hustache); Coleoptera: Curculionidae; argentine stem weevil, ryegrass stem weevil, shoot weevil, weevil, argentine stem, weevil, ryegrass stem, wheat stem weevil II Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Lolium multiflorum (italian ryegrass), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Poaceae (grasses), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn), cerealia, rerumputan (Poaceae). Agrostis capillaris (brown bentgrass), Anthoxanthum puelii (Annual vernalgrass), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Bromus spp(bromegrasses), Cynodon spp. (quickgrass), Dactylis (Orchardgrass), batang, daun, akar, bunga, biji America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 78 Digitaria (crabgrass), Echinochloa spp., Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Festuca pratensis (english bluegrass),Festuca rubra (red fescue), Paspalum, Phleum pretense (timothy), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) 144.Listronotus oregonensis Leconte; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; carrot weevil II Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Anethum graveolens (dill), Petroselinum crispum (peterseli, parsley). akar, batang, daun, umbi, tanah America: Canada, USA 145.Listronotus texanus Stockton; (= Hyperodes texanus); Coleoptera: Curculionidae;carrot weevil II Daucus carota (wortel, carrot) Petroselinum crispum (peterseli, parsley) akar, batang, daun, umbi America: USA 146.Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermuller; (=Coccyx botrana Praun =Cochylis botrana Herrich-Schaffer =Cochylis vitisana Audouin =Eudemis botrana Frey =Eudemis rosmarinana Millière =Grapholita botrana Heinemann =Lobesia rosmariana =Noctua romani O. Costa =Paralobesia botrana =Penthina vitivorana Packard =Polychrosis botrana Ragonot =Tinea premixtana II Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Actinidia chinensis (Chinese gooseberry), Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, kiwi fruit), Arbutus unedo (arbutus), Berberis vulgaris (European barberry), Clematis vitalba (old man's beard), Cornus mas (cornelian cherry), Cornus sanguinea (dogwood), Daphne gnidium, Daphne laureola, Dianthus spp. (carnation), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, buah, bunga Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Kenya, Libya, Morocco America: USA, Chile Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, 79 Hübner =Tinea reliquana Hübner =Tortrix botrana Denis & Schiffermüller =Tortrix reliquana Treitschke =Tortrix romaniana O. Costa =Tortrix vitisana Jacquin=); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; grape berry moth, european grape vine moth, grape fruit moth, grape leaves-roller, grape moth, grape vine moth, vine moth persimmon), Hedera helix (ivy), Ligustrum vulgare (privet), Lonicera tatarica (Tatarian honeysuckle), Menispermum canadense (common moonseed), Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitun, olive), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus spp., Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Ribes spp., Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper), Prunus amygdalus, Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus spinosa (blackthorn), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Ribes (currants), Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant), Ribes rubrum (red currant), Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Rubus caesius (dewberry), Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Syringa vulgaris (lilac), Tanacetum vulgare (tansy), Viburnum lantana (Wayfaring tree), Ziziphus jujuba (common jujube) Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK 80 147.Longitarsus nigripennis(Motschulsky); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; flea beetle, pepper, pollu II Piper nigrum (lada, blackpepper) daun, buah Asia: India. 148.Lygus lineolarisPalisot de Beauvois; (=Capsus flavonotatus Provancher =Capsus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois =Capsus oblineatus Say =Capsus strigulatus Walker =Lygus pratensis var. rubidus Knight); Hemiptera: Miridae; plant bug, tarnished II Amaranthus cruentus (redshank), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Brassica napus var. napus(rapa, rape), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, bourboncotton),Fragaria ananassa(strawberry, strawberry), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Polyphagous (Polyphagous), Vigna spp. (cowpea), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium incarnatum (crimson clover), Vicia sativa (common vetch), Zea mays subsp. mays (jagung manis, sweetcorn) Anethum graveolens (dill), Apium graveolens var dulce (seledri, celery), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Aster spp., Aster pilosus (white heath aster), batang, daun, bunga America: Bermuda, Canada, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, USA Asia: Georgia 81 Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Bellis perennis (common daisy), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), Cosmos spp., Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Dahlia hybrids, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dendranthema spp., Erigeron (fleabane), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Helianthus spp., Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza), Malus (ornamental species apple), Papaver nudicaule (iceland poppy), Pinus echinata(shortleaves pine), Populus (poplars), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rubus spp. (blackberry, raspberry), Salvia officinalis (common sage), Sinapis alba (white mustard),Tragopogon porrifolius (oysterplant), Verbena spp. (vervain), Zinnia elegans (zinnia) 149.Lymantria dispar Linnaeus; (=Bombyx dispar Linnaeus =Hypogymna dispar Linnaeus =Liparis dispar II Acer saccharum (sugar maple), Betula papyrifera (paper birch), Quercus alba (white oak), Quercus coccinea kulit kayu muda Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia America: Canada, USA. Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, 82 Linnaeus =Ocneria dispar Linnaeus =Phalaena dispar Linnaeus =Porthesia dispar Linnaeus =Porthetria dispar Linnaeus); Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae; gypsy moth (scarlet oak), Quercus ellipsoidalis (Northern pin oak), Quercus garryana (Garry oak), Quercus ilex (holm oak), Quercus lobata (California white oak), Quercus montana (basket oak), Quercus muehlenbergii (Chinquapin oak), Quercus palustris (pin oak), Quercus petraea (durmast oak), Quercus robur (common oak), Quercus rubra (northern red oak), Quercus suber (cork oak), Quercus velutina (black oak), Salix fragilis (crack willows), Ulmus (elms) Acer (maples), Acer negundo (box elder), Acer platanoides (norway maple), Acer rubrum (red maple), Acer saccharinum (soft maple), Alnus (alders), Alnus rhombifolia (white alder), Betula (birches), Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch), Betula lenta (sweet birch), Betula populifolia (gray birch), Carpinus (hornbeams), Carya (hickories), Castanea sativa (chesnut), Cedrus libani (cedar of Lebanon), Corylus, Corylus avellana (hazel), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Mongolia, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK 83 gum), Fagus (beeches), Fagus grandifolia (american beech), Fagus sylvatica (common beech), Fraxinus americana (white ash), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (downy ash), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Hamamelis virginiana (virginian witch- hazel), Larix (larches), Larix kaempferi (Japanese larch), Larix occidentalis (western larch), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum), Litchi chinensis (lichi), Lithocarpus edulis, Malus (ornamental species apple), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Ostrya virgianiana (american hophornbeam), Picea abies (common spruce), Picea jezoensis (yeddo spruce), Pinus (pines), Pinus brutia (brutian pine), Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinus echinata (shortleaves pine), Pinus resinosa (red pine), Pinus rigida (pitch pine), Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), Pinus sylvestris (scots pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Pistacia vera (pistachio), Platanus acerifolia (London planetree), Populus 84 (stone fruit), Populus grandidentata (bigtooth aspen), Populus nigra (black poplar), Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus domestica (plam, plum), Prunus salicina (japanese flowering cherry), Prunus serotina (black cherry), Prunus serrulata (japanese flowering cherry), Pseudotsuga menziesii (douglas-fir), Pyrus (pear, pears), Quercus ilicifolia (bear oak), Robinia (locust), Robiniapseudoacacia (black locust), Salix (willows), Salix babylonica (weeping willows), Taxodium distichum (bald cypress), Tilia americana (basswood), Tilia cordata (small-leaves lime), Vaccinium (blueberries), Zea mays(jagung, corn) 150.Macrodactylus subspinosus(Fabricius); Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; rose chafer II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Rosa (mawar, roses) Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Beta spp., cucurbitae, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Piper nigrum (lada, pepper), legumes, akar, daun, bunga, tanah America: Mexico, USA 85 Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), buah batulainnya (other stone fruit), Rubus spp., Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry) 151.Macroplectra nararia Moore; (=Darna nararia= Natada nararia Moore= Parasa nararia); Lepidoptera: Limacodidae; nettle grub, fringed nettle grub, slug caterpillar II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Erythrina spp.(dadap, december tree), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Canna spp. (bunga tasbih, canna), Citrus spp., Crotalaria spp., Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany), Gliricidia maculata, Lonicera spp., (honeysuckles), Psidium guineense (guinea guava), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Tephrosia spp. (hoary-pea) batang, daun, tanah, kayu, media pertumbuhan tanaman, bibit Asia: India, Sri Lanka 152.Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas; (=Illinoia solanifolii=Macrosiphon euphorbiae Thomas=Macrosiphon solanifolii Ashmead=Macrosiphum amygdaloides =Macrosiphum cyprissiae var. cucurbitae del Guercio=Macrosiphum II Beta vulgarisvar. Saccharifera (bit gula, sugarbeet), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato),Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa: Algeria, Angola, Burundi, DR Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Rwanda, Reunion, Saint Helena, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Falkland 86 euphorbiellum TheobaldMacrosiphum koehleri Börner=Macrosiphum rosaeollae TheobaldMacrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead)=Macrosiphum tabaci PergandeNectarophora ascepiadis Cowen ex Gillette & BakerNectarophora heleniella CockerellNectarophora lycopersici ClarkeNectarophora tabaci=Nectarophora tabaci PergandeSiphonophora asclepiadifolii Thomas=Siphonophora cucurbitae Middleton ex Thomas=Siphonophora euphorbiae Thomas=Siphonophora solanifolii Ashmead=Siphonophora tulipae Mondell); Hemiptera: Aphididae; potato aphid, pink and green potato aphid, pink and green potato aphis, pink potato aphid, potato aphid, tomato aphid potato), Zea mays (jagung, corn) Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Artemisia (wormwoods), Capsicum (peppers), Chenopodium album (fat hen), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Citrus, Citrus deliciosa (mediterranean mandarin), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Epilobium angustifolium (rosebay willowherb), Fragaria (strawberry), Freesia, Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Gossypium (cotton), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Lupinus (lupins), Lupinus albus (white lupine), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vicia faba (faba bean), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Island, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Turkey Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova,Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Slovenia,Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand 153.Macrotermes natalensis II Eucalyptus macarthurii, E. batang, kayu Africa: South Africa, Nigeria, 87 Haviland; Isoptera: Termitidae smithii, E. camaldulensis, E. grandis, E.viminalis Uganda, Zimbabwe 154.Malacosoma americanumFabricius; Lepidoptera: Lasyocampidae; eastern tent caterpillar, American tent caterpillar, apple tent caterpillar, orchard tent caterpillar II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach) Acer rubrum (red maple), Acer saccharum (sugar maple), Alnus (alders), Amelanchier (serviceberries), Berberis vulgaris (European barberry), Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch), Betula papyrifera (paper birch), Carya illinoinensis (pecan), Corylus, Crataegus (hawthorns), Fagus grandifolia (American beech), Fraxinus americana (white ash), Fraxinus excelsior (ash), Hamamelis (witchhazel), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum), Malus coronaria (sweet crab-apple), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Nyssa sylvatica (tupelo), Populus (poplars), Populus grandidentata (Bigtooth aspen), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus pennsylvanica, Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), batang, kulit batang daun, buah America: Canada, USA 88 Prunus serotina (black cherry), Prunus virginiana (common chokecherrytree), Quercus alba (white oak), Quercus rubra (northern red oak), Rosa (roses), Salix (willows), Sorbus (rowan), Tilia americana (basswood), Ulmus thomasii (rock elm) 155.Maladera castanea(Arrow); Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; Asiatic garden beetle II Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Capsicum annuum (cabe besar, paprika, bell-pepper, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Brassica rapa subspec. rapa (turnip) tanaman, tanah America: USA Asia: China, Japan, Korea 156.Manduca quinquemaculata(Haworth); (=Phlegethontius celeus Hübner =Phlegethontius quinquemaculata Haworth =Protoparce quinquemaculata ab. wirti Schaus =Protoparce quinquemaculatus (Haworth) =Sphinx quinquemaculatus Haworth); Lepidoptera: Sphingidae; tomato hornworm, five-spotted hawkmoth, tobacco fly II Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell pepper), Solanum lycopersicum(tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Nicotiana attenuata Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Cestrum floribundum, Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Kallstroemia parviflora, Nicotiana sylvestris, Physalis viscosa (sticky batang, daun, tanah America: Canada, USA 89 physalis),Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade), Solanum grandiflorum 157.Manduca sextaLinnaeus; (=Macrosila carolina (Linnaeus) Clemens =Manduca carolina (Linnaeus) Hübner =Phlegethontius carolina (Linnaeus) Hübner =Phlegethontius sexta (Linnaeus) Kirby =Protoparce carolina (Linnaeus) Butler =Protoparce griseata Butler =Protoparce jamaicensis Butler =Protoparce leucoptera Rothschild and Jordan =Protoparce sexta (Linnaeus) Rothschild & Jordan =Protoparce sexta luciae Gehlen =Protoparce sexta peruviana Bryk=Protoparce sexta saliensis Kernbach =Sphinx caestri Blanchard =Sphinx carolina Linnaeus =Sphinx eurylochus Philippi =Sphinx lycopersici Boisduval=Sphinx nicotianae Boisduval =Sphinx paphus Cramer =Sphinx sexta Linnaeus =Sphinx tabaci II Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Nicotiana attenuata, Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Cestrum floribundum, Datura stramonium (kecubung, jimsonweed), Datura wrightii, Kallstroemia parviflora, Verbena spp., Nicotiana sylvestris, Physalis viscosa (sticky physalis), Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaves nightshade), Solanum grandiflorum batang, daun, tanah America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahama, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Caribbean Islands, Cayman Island, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela, Oceania:Papua New Guinea 90 Boisduval =; Lepidoptera: Sphingidae; tomato hornworm, tobacco hornworm, Carolina sphinx (USA), tomato sphinx 158.Mayetiola destructor(Say); (=Cecidomyia destructor=Cecidomyia frumentaria Rondani=Chortomyia secalina Loew=Mayetiola mimeuri Mesnil=Mayetiola secalis Bollow=Phytophaga cerealis Rondani=Phytophaga destructor); Diptera: Cecidomyiidae; hessian fly II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) Agropyron spp., Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Secale cereale (rye) batang, daun, biji Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia America: Canada, USA Asia: Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Syria, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Ukraine, UK Oceania: New Zealand 159.Myopardalis pardalina Biggot; Diptera: Tephritidae; Baluchistan fruit fly II Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, pumpkin), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Cucurbitaceae buah, media tanam, tanah Asia: Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan Europe: Russia 160.Mythimna unipuncta Haworth; (=Cirphis unipuncta Haworth=Heliophila Butl.=Heliophila unipuncta Haworth=Leucania antica II Avena sativa (oat, oats), Brassica oleracea var. italica (brokoli, broccoli), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), batang, daun, tanah Africa: Mali, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Somalia,Togo America: Argentina, Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, 91 Walker=Leucania extranea Guenée=Leucania saccharivora Butl.=Leucania unipuncta Haworth=Leucania unipuncta tseki Koutsaftikis=Noctua unipuncta Haworth=Pseudaletia adultera=Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth)=Pseudaletia unipuncta quecha Franclemont=Sideridis unipuncta Haworth); Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; rice armyworm, American army worm, American wainscot, armyworm, armyworm, American, armyworm, true, rice cutworm, true armyworm, white-speck Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), rumput dan serealea lainnya (Poaceae and other cerealia), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Secale cereale (rye), Triticum (wheat), Zea mays subsp. mays (jagung manis, sweetcorn) Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Turfgrasses, Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Trifolium spp. (clovers), Allium spp. (onions, garlic, leek, etc.), Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Phaseolus spp. (beans), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Trifolium (clovers), turfgrasses Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Turkey, Uzbekistan Europe: Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK 161.Myzaphis rosarumKaltenbach; Hemiptera: Aphididae; lesser rose aphid II Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang, daun, bunga Africa: South Africa 92 162.Naupactus leucoloma Boheman; (=Graphognathus leucolomaBuchanan; = Pantomorus leucoloma); Coleoptera: Curculionidae; white fringed weevil, white fringed beetle II Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium repens, pastures, Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut) Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato) batang, daun, umbi, tanah, akar Africa: South Africa America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, USA, Uruguay Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 163.Nematocerus spp.; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; shiny cereal weevil II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn), cerealia, legumes, Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) batang, daun, biji Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda 164.Oberea bimaculatusLeconte; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; raspberry cane borer II Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang, daun, bunga America: America. 165.Olenecamtus bilobusFabricius; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae ; Longhorn beetle. II Artocarpus integra, A. hissuta, Mangifera indica(mangga, mango), Morusa alba batang, kayu, kulit kayu Asia: India, Pakistan 166.Ophiomyia simplex(Loew); (=Agromyza simplex (Loew)= Melanagromyza simplex (Loew) ); Diptera: Agromyzidae; asparagus miner II Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus) batang, daun, akar America: USA Europe: France 167.Opogona sacchariBojer;(=Alucita sacchari Bojer=Gelechia II Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Bambusa (bamboo), Dracaena, batang, daun, bunga, bibit, umbi Africa: Cape Verde, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint Helena, Seychelles, 93 ligniferalla Walker=Gelechia sanctaehelenae Walker=Hieroxestis ligniferella=Hieroxestis plumipes Butler=Hieroxestis sanctaehelenae Walker=Hieroxestis subcervinella Walker=Laverna plumipes Butler=Opogona sanctaehelenae Walker=Opogona subcervinella (Walker) =Tinea subcervinella Walker ); Lepidoptera; Tineidae; banana moth, sugarcane moth Hippeastrum, Musa (pisang, banana), Polyphagous (polyphagous), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Strelitzia, Yucca, Zea mays (jagung, corn) Alpinia, Begonia, Bougainvillea spectabilis (Bougainvilla), Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae (cacti),Capsicum (peppers), Chamaedorea, Chamaedorea elegans (parlour palm), Cordyline, Dieffenbachia (dumbcanes), Dioscorea (gembili, yam), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Ficus, Heliconia, Hippeastrum, Maranta (arrowroot), Philodendron, Saintpaulia (african violet), Sansevieria (snake plant), Sinningia speciosa (gloxinia), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine) South Africa America: Barbados, Bermuda, Honduras, USA, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela Asia: China, Israel, Japan Europe: Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland Europe: Germany,Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Russian, Spain, Switzerland 168.Oryctes boasFabricius; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; rhinoceros beetle, scarabeid oryctes boas II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm) Washingtonia (wshington- palm) batang, daun, media tanam, tanah Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Chad, DR Congo, Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, 94 Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Asia: Saudi Arabia, Yemen 169.Oryctes elegansPrell; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; rhinoceros beetle II Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm) batang, daun, media tanam, tanah Africa: Mauritius Asia: Iran 170.Oryctes monoceros(Olivier); (=Oryctes blucheaui Fairmaire=Oryctes insularis Coquerel=Scarabaeus monoceros Olivier); Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; rhinoceros beetle; coconut beetle II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm) Agave sisalana (sisal hemp), Areca spp., Dracaena spp., Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Raphia spp., Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) batang, daun, media tanam, tanah Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, DR Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Reunion, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda Asia: Saudi Arabia, Yemen 171.Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner; (=Botys nubilalis Robin & Laboulbène=Botys silacealisHübner=Micracris nubilalis=Micractis nubilalis Hübner=Pyralis nubilalis Hübner=Pyrausta nubilalis Meyrick=Pyrausta silacealis); Lepidoptera: Crambidae; European maize borer, European corn borer, corn moth, stalk borer II Avena sativa (oat, oats), Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Humulus lupulus (hops), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl), rerumputan (Poaceae), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), serealia lainnya (cerealia), Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Zea mays subsp. mays (sweetcorn) Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, batang, daun, buah, biji Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia America: Canada, USA Asia: China, Georgia, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK 95 spinach), Amaranthus spp. (grain amaranth), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), Arctium minus (common burdock), Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort), Chrysanthemum spp., Capsicum spp. (peppers), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell pepper), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Cynara scolymus var. Scolymus (artisyok, globeartichoke), Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Humulus lupulus (hop), Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Populus (poplars), Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Vigna spp. (cowpea), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Triticum aestivum(gandum, wheat), Xanthium (Cocklebur) 172.Otiorhyncus sulcatus II Pinus batang, kulit Africa: Egypt 96 Fabricius; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; black pine weevil kayu, kayu America: USA, Colombia, Chile, Canada Asia: Japan Europe: Russia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 173.Oulema oryzaeKuw.; (Lema oryzae); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; rice leaves beetle II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) batang, daun Asia: China, Japan, Korea Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia,Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine 174.Pachydissus sericusNewman; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; longhorn beetle II Acacia spp. batang, kayu, kulit kayu Oceania: Australia 175.Pachymerus lacerdaeChevr.; (=Pachymerus olearius); Coleoptera: Bruchidae; palm kernel borer II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) buah, biji Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Northwest Africa America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic,Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela 176.Pachymerus nucleorum Fabricius; (=Bruchus nucleorum=Caryoborus nucleorum); Coleoptera: Bruchidae; coconut borer, II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) buah, biji America: Brazil, Guyana France, Guyana, Paraguay 97 kernel borer 177.Paleacrita vernataPeck.; (=Alsophila vernata); Lepidoptera: Geometridae; spring cankerworm II Ulmus spp., kayu hutan lainnya (other forest tree) batang, daun, buah America: Canada, USA 178.Papaipema nebrisGuenee; (=Papaipema nitela); Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; stalk borer II Zea mays (jagung, corn), cerealia batang, daun, bunga America: USA 179.Parallelodiplosis cattleyaeMolliard; Diptera: Cecydomiidae; cattleya midge II Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid) batang, daun, bunga America: USA 180.Parthenolecanium corni Bouché;(= Coccus rosarum Snellen van Volenhoven in De Graaf et al.=Coccus tiliae Fitch=Eulecanium corni corni (Bouché); Schmutterer=Eulecanium fraxini King=Eulecanium guignardi King=Eulecanium kansasense (Hunter) King=Eulecanium rosae King=Eulecanium vini (Bouché) Cockerell=Lecanium (Eulecanium) armeniacum Craw; Cockerell & Parrott=Lecanium (Eulecanium) assimile Newstead; Reh= II Crataegus (hawthorns), Malus (ornamental species apple), Mespilus germanica (medlar), Morus alba (mora), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (persik. peach), Populus (poplars), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus serotina (black cherry), Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet firethorn), Ribes (currants), Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant), Ribes rubrum (red currant), Rosa (mawar, roses), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevineAcer (maples), Aesculus hippocastanum(horse bunga, buah, daun, batang, bibit tanaman Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA, Peru Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India,Iran, Israel, Japan,Kazakhstan, Korea DPR(North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Mongolia,Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan,Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Albania, Austria,Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, 98 Lecanium (Eulecanium) aurantiacum Hunter=Lecanium (Eulecanium) canadense Cockerell; Cockerell & Parrott=Lecanium (Eulecanium) caryarum Cockerell=Lecanium (Eulecanium) corylifex Fitch; Cockerell=Lecanium (Eulecanium) crawii Ehrhorn; Cockerell & Parrott=Lecanium (Eulecanium) cynosbati Fitch; Cockerell & Parrott=Lecanium (Eulecanium) fitchii Signoret; Cockerell & Parrott=Lecanium (Eulecanium) kingii Cockerell=Lecanium (Eulecanium) lintneri Cockerell & Bennett; Cockerell=Lecanium (Eulecanium) maclurarum Cockerell=Lecanium (Eulecanium) ribis Fitch; Cockerell & Parrott=Lecanium (Eulecanium) rugosum Signoret; Cockerell=Lecanium chestnut), Aphelandra squarrosa (Zebra plant), Buxus sempervirens (common boxwood), Carpinus betulus (hornbeam), Celtis occidentalis (hackberry), Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), Clematis vitalba (old man's beard), Cornus (Dogwood), Cornus sanguinea (dogwood), Corylus, Corylus avellana (hazel), Cotoneaster, Cydonia oblonga (quince), Euonymus europaeus, Fraxinus (ashes), Jasminum (jasmine), Juglans regia (walnut), Lonicera (honeysuckles), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern magnolia), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mespilus germanica (medlar), Morus alba (mora), Populus (poplars), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus serotina (black cherry), Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet firethorn), Pyrus (pir, pears), Pyrus communis (European pear), Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry), Robinia pseudoacacia(black locust), Rosmarinus officinalis Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia,Montenegro, Macedonia,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 99 (Eulecanium) tarsale Signoret; Cockerell & Parrott=Lecanium (Eulecanium) vini Bouché; King & Reh=Lecanium adenostomae Kuwana=Lecanium armeniacum Craw=Lecanium assimile Newstead=Lecanium canadense Cockerell; Cockerell=Lecanium caryaecanadense Cockerell=Lecanium corni Bouché=Lecanium corni robiniarum Marchal=Lecanium coryli (Linnaeus); Sulc (misidentification)=Lecanium corylifex Fitch =Lecanium crawii Ehrhorn=Lecanium cynosbati Fitch=Lecanium fitchii Signoret=Lecanium folsomi King=Lecanium juglandifex Fitch=Lecanium kansasense Hunter=Lecanium lintneri Cockerell & Bennett in Cockerell=Lecanium maclurae Hunter=Lecanium obtusum Thro=Lecanium persicae crudum Green=Lecanium (rosemary), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Salix (willows), Sorbus (rowan), Spiraea, Taxus baccata (English yew), Tilia (limes), Ulmus (elms), Vaccinium myrtillus (blueberry), Viburnum), Wisteria sinensis (purple wisteria) 100 pruinosumarmeniacum Craw; Tyrell=Lecanium rehi King in King & Reh=Lecanium ribis Fitch=Lecanium robiniarum Douglas=Lecanium rugosum Signoret=Lecanium tarsalis Signoret=Lecanium vini Bouché=Lecanium websteri King=Lecanium wistariae Signoret=Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché); Borchsenius=Parthenolecani um coryli (Linnaeus); Sulc (misidentification)); Hemiptera: Coccidae; European fruit lecanium brown scale; European fruit scale; peach scale; yew scale; fruit scale 181.Pemphigus betaeDoane; Hemiptera: Aphididae; sugarbit root aphid II Beta spp. batang, daun, umbi America: Canada, Mexico, USA 182.Peridroma sauciaHubner; (=Agrotis angulifera =A.impacta =A.inermis =A.intecta =A.ortonii =A.saucia =Lycophotia margaritosa =L.ochronota =L.saucia =Noctua aequa =N.majuscula =N.margaritosa =N.saucia =Rhyacia margaritosa =R.saucia II Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Brassica oleracea (cabbages, cauliflowers), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), B. oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell- pepper), Cynara scolymus (artisyok, artichoke), Lactuca batang, daun, bunga Africa: Morocco, Tunisia America: Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Armenia, China, Israel, Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, 101 =Peridroma margaritosa); Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; variegated cutworm, pearly underwing moth sativa (selada, lettuce), Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) Abies balsamea (balsam fir), Abies grandis (grand fir), Acer (maples),Acer negundo (box elder), Acer saccharum (sugar maple), Alcea rosea (Hollyhock), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Alnus rubra (red alder), Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern), Aster, Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), Amelanchier canadensis (thicket serviceberry), Anthemis cotula (dog fennel), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Brassica spp, Beta vulgaris (beetroot), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canary Island, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Faroes Island, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK 102 Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica nigra (black mustard), Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip rape), Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Cichorium (chicory), Cirsium (thistle), Citrus lemon (lemon), Chamaecyparis thyoides (atlantic whitecedar), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Conyza canadensis, Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, pumpkin), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dahlia, Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Dianthus (carnation), Epilobium angustifolium (rosebay willowherb), Erigeron (Fleabane), Fragaria vesca (arbei, wild strawberry), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Geranium 103 (cranesbill), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust), Gossypium (cotton), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Gleditsia triacanthos, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Humulus lupulus (hop), Inula helenium (Elecampane), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweetpotato), Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Lolium spp. (ryegrasses), Maclura pomifera (osage orange), Malus domestica(apel, apple), Mentha piperita, Melia azedarach (Chinaberry), Melilotus albus (honey clover), Mentha piperita (Peppermint), Mentha spicata (Spear mint), Morus alba (mora), Parthenium argentatum (Guayule), Petunia, Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Phleum pratense (timothy), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), 104 Pimenta dioica (allspice), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Pimenta dioica, Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus domesticum (plum), Pyrus communis (pir,pear), Portulaca oleracea, Prunus cerasus, Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pteridium aquilinum, Picea glauca (white spruce), Pisum sativum (pea), Plantago (Plantain), Polygonum (knotweed), Populus (poplars), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Pteridium aquilinum (bracken), Pyrus communis (European pear), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), Rhus (Sumach), Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry), Rosa (roses), Rubus idaeus, Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Rubus idaeus(raspberry), Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Rumex (Dock), Salix 105 (willows), Salvia officinalis (common sage), Secale cereale (rye), Sinapis alba (white mustard),Spinacia oleracea, Stellaria media,Solidago (Goldenrod), Sonchus (Sowthistle), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Stellaria media (common chickweed), Trifolium (clovers), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), turfgrasses, Tropaeolum majus (common nasturtium), Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock), Vaccinium (blueberries), Vicia (vetch), Vicia faba (faba bean), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Viola (violet), Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Zea mays subsp. mays (sweetcorn), Zea mays subsp. mexicana (teosinte), Zinnia 183.Phenacoccus gossypiiTownsend & Cockerell; (=Phenacoccus madeirensis=Phenacoccus grenadensis=Phenacoccus harbisoni);Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; Mexican mealybug, cassava mealybug II Avena sativa (oats), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Citrus, Coleus, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Lantana camara (lantana), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Solanum melongena (terung, batang, daun, bunga Africa: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Cape Verde, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zimbabwe America:Antigua and Barbuda, 106 eggplant, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Acacia (wattles), Acalypha (Copperleaf), Ageratina adenophora (Croftonweed), Ambrosia (Ragweed), Ananas comosus (pineapple), Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit), Aster, Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Cassia (sennas), Cestrum (jessamine), Cestrum nocturnum (night scented cestrum), Codiaeum (ornamental croton),Codiaeum variegatum (croton),Desmodium (tick clovers), Erigeron (Fleabane), Fabaceae (leguminous plants), Geranium (cranesbill), Gesneriaceae, Hibiscus mutabilis (cottonrose), Lantana, Malvaceae, Mentha (mints),Mikania micrantha (mile-a-minute), Mimosa (sensitive plants), Ocimum basilicum (basil),Pachystachys, Parthenium hysterophorus(parthenium weed), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Bermuda, Bahama, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Brazil, Bolivia, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Colombia, Dominica Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Mexico,Paraguay,Peru, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela Asia: India, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Yemen Europe: France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain Oceania: Guam, Federated State of Micronesia 107 Sophora 184.Phorachanta semipunctata Fabricius; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; Eucalyptus longhorned borer II Eucalyptus diverisicolor,E. globules,E. maidenii batang, kayu, kulit kayu Africa: South Africa America: USA Europe: France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Portugal 185.Phylloxera vitifoliaeFitch.; (=Dactylosphaera vastatrix (Planchon=Dactylosphaera vitifoliae (Shimer)=Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch=Daktylosphaera vitifoliae Fitch=Pemphigus vitifoliae Fitch=Peritymbia vastatrix Fitch=Peritymbia vitifoliae (Planchon)=Peritymbia vitisana Westwood=Phylloxera pervastatrix Börner=Phylloxera vastatrix (Planchon)=Phylloxera vitifolii (Fitch)=Rhizaphis vastatrix (Planchon)=Viteus vastatrix (Planchon)=Viteus vitifoliae); Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae; phylloxera, grape phylloxera, vine louse, grape leaf louse II Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Vitis aestivalis (Summer grape), Vitis labrusca (fox grape), Vitis riparia (riverbank grape) batang, daun, buah, bunga, akar Africa: Algeria, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea DPR (North Korea),Republic of Korea (South Korea), Lebanon, Syria, Turkey Europe: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 186.Pieris rapae.; (=Artogeia rapae =Ascia rapae =Mancipium rapae =Papilio rapae =Pontia rapae); II Brassica spp., Brassica oleracea (cabbage, cauliflowers), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga batang, daun Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco America: Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, USA 108 Lepidoptera: Pieridae; cabbage butterfly, cabbage white butterfly, common cabbage worm, imported cabbage worm, rape white butterfly, small white butterfly kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes (kohlrabi), Brassica oleracea var. italica (brokoli, broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. viridis(collards), Brassica rapa cultivar group Caixin, Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip rape), Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis, Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops), Alliaria petiolata(garlic mustard), Cakile maritima, Erysimum cheiranthoides (Treacle mustard), Rorippa indica (indian marshcress), Spinacia oleracea (Spinach), Tropaeolum majus(common nasturtium) Asia: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea DPR (North Korea),Republic of Korea (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Vietnam Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 187.Piesarthrus marginellusNewman; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae;acacia longhorn beetle II Acacia spp. batang, kayu, kulit kayu Oceania: Australia 188.Pimelephila ghesquiereiTams.; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae; African spir borer II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Raphia Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) batang, daun Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo,DR Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea- Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, 109 Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo 189.Pissodes strobi Peck; (=Pissodes engelmanni Hopkins =Pissodes sitchensis Hopkins); Coleoptera: Curculionidae;sitka spruce weevil II Picea abies (common spruce), Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce), Picea glauca (white spruce), Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce), Pinus banksiana (jack pine), Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), Pinus balfourina, P. densifola, P. flexilis, P. griffithii, P. montocola, P. mugo, P. ponderosa, P. rigida, P. syvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii Picea mariana (black spruce), Picea omorika (Pancic spruce), Picea pungens (blue spruce), Picea rubens (red spruce), Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine),Pinus flexilis (limber pine),Pinus koraiensis (fruit pine), Pinus monticola (western white pine), Pinus mugo (mountain pine), Pinus nigra (black pine), Pinus parviflora (Japanese white pine), Pinus peuce(macedonian pine), Pinus resinosa (red pine), Pinus rigida (pitch pine), Pinus strobiformis (southwestern batang, kayu America: Canada, Mexico, USA 110 white pine), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Pinus tecunumanii (tecun uman pine), Pinus wallichiana (blue pine) 190.Planococcoides njalensisLaing; (=Pseudococcus njalensis =P.exitiabilis); Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; Northwest African cocoa mealybug II Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Persea americana (avokad, avocado) Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Bombax buonopozense (silk-cotton tree), Ceiba pentandra (kapok), Clerodendrum (Fragrant clerodendron), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, arabica coffee), Coffea canephora (kopi robusta, robusta coffee), Coffea liberica (Liberian coffee tree), Cola acuminata(cola), Delonix regia (flamboyant), Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae (leguminous plants), Gliricidia sepium (mother of cocoa), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae tunas, batang, daun, buah Africa: Benin, Cameroon, DR Congo, Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo 191.Planococcus kenyae Le Pelley;(=Planococcus subukiaensis=Pseudococcus kenyae=P.kenyaensis); Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; II Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, arabica coffee), tunas, batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa:Burundi, DR Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, Siera Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe 111 coffee mealybug, Kenya mealybug Coffea canephora (kopi robusta, robusta coffee), Coffea eugenioides, Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Ipomoea batatas(ubi jalar, sweet potato), Passiflora spp. (passion flower), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) Acacia spp. (wattles), Annona cherimola (cherimoya), Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Carissa edulis (egyptian carissa), Codiaeum variegatum (croton), Erythrina abyssinica (red hot poker tree), Gardenia, Gliricidia, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Indigofera spp., (indigo), Impatiens (balsam), Inga, Jacaranda mimosifolia (Brazilian rose wood), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Phaseolus (beans), Psidium guajava (jambu batu, guava), Pueraria lobata, Pueraria montana var. lobata (kudzu), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Sesbania grandiflora 112 (turi, agati), Sesbania sesban (sesban), Solanum (nightshade), Solanum seaforthianum (star potato- vine), Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) 192.Platyomopsis egena Pascoe; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae II Acacia spp. batang, kayu, kulit jayu Oceania: Australia 193.Platyomopsis nigrovireus Donovan; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae;green striped longhorn beetle II Acacia spp. batang, kayu, kulit kayu Oceania: Australia 194.Popilia japonicaNewman; (=Aserica japonica=A. japonica=Maladera japonica=Serica japonica); Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; Japanese beetle, velvety chafer II Acer spp., Asparagus officinalis(asparagus, asparagus), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Malus domesticum (apel, apple), buah batu (stone fruit), Rheum hybridum, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus spp.(raspberry), Tilia spp., Ulmus spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn) Aesculus spp., Althaea spp., Castanea spp., Hibiscus spp., Juglans nigra, Platanus spp., Populus spp., Salix spp., Sorbus americana, Sassafras albidum, Betula spp., turfgrasses. batang, daun, bunga, akar, tanah America: Canada, USA Asia: China, India, Japan, Korea Europe: Portugal, Russia 195.Prionoryctes canniculusArr.; II Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), batang, daun, Africa: all 113 Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; yam beetle Dioscorea esculenta umbi 196.Prostephanus truncatus Horn.; (=Dinoderus truncates); Coleoptera: Bostrichidae; larger grain borer, greater grain borer, scania beetle II Dried cassava (gaplek), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), stored products (dried stored products) S): Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticale spp., Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) umbi kering, biji Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia America:Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA Asia:Cambodia Europe:France,Italy 197.Protomelittoma insulare Fairmaire; Coleoptera: Lymexylidae; stem borer II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) batang Africa: Madagascar, Seychelles. 198.Pseudococcus aurilanatus Maskell; Hemiptera: Psudococcidae; Golden mealybug, yellow banded mealybug II A. Excelsia, Araucaria spp. batang, kayu Africa: Kenya, Uganda America: Canada, Mexico, USA Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 199.Pseudococcus calceolariae Maskell;(=Dactylopius calceolariae (Maskell), Erium calceolariae ((Maskell) Lindinger), Pseudococcus citrophilus (Clausen), P. fragilis Brain; P. gahani Green, P. II Abutilon (Indian Mallow), Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Brachychyton, Brassica, Ceanothus (white- thorne), Chenopodium (Goosefoot), Citrus medica (citron), Conium maculatum (Poison hemlock), Crataegus, bibit tanaman, bagian tanaman Africa: Ghana, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa America: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Central America, Colombia, Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Mexico, USA, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, Asia: China, Georgia 114 similans);Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; scarlet mealybug, Citrophilus mealybug, currant mealybug (hawthorns), Cynodiaoblonga (quince), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dodonaea viscosa (switsch sorrel), Eugenia, Ficus, Fragaria (stroberi, strawberry), Geranium (cranesbill), Hedera helix (ivy), Helianthusspp. (sunflower), Heliotropium arborescens (cherry pie), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Juglans regia (walnut), Laburnum anargyroides (laburnum), Ligustrum (privet), Lolium spp (ryegrasses), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Malva (mallow), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Nerium oleander (oleander), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Pisum sativum (pea), Pittosporum tobira (japanese pittosporum), Pittosporum undulatum (pittosporum), Polyscias, Prunus, (stone fruit), Pyrus communis (European pear), Rheum hybridum, (rhubarb), Rhododendron (Azalea), Ribes Europe: Czech, France, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 115 sanguineum (Flowerring currant), Rosa (mawar, roses), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry) Schinus molle (false pepper tree), Sechium edulle (chayotte), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) 200.Pseudotheraptus wayi Brown; (=Theraptus sp. (Way)); Hemiptera: Coreidae; coconut bug II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Macadamia spp., Macadamia integrifolia (macadamia nut), Cinnamomum myanmarnii (bark of kayu manis, cassia vera), Cinnamomum verum (kayu manis, cinnamon), Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, carambola, starfruit),Carya illinoinensis(pecan), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (avokad, avocado) batang, bunga, buah Africa: Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania 116 201.Psila rosaeFab.; (=Chamaepsila rosae = Musca rosae =Chamaepsila hennigi); Diptera: Psilidae; carrot root fly, carrot rust fly II Petroselinum crispum (parseli, parsley), Pastinaca sativa ( parsnip), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Apium graveolens var. rapaceum (celeriac), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Carum carvi (jinten, caraway), Levisticum officinale (lovage), Anethum graveolens (dill), Anthriscus cerefolium, Brassica, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Coriandrum sativum (ketumbar, corriander), Conium maculatum (Poison hemlock), Foeniculum vulgare (adas pedas, fennel), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish) umbi, media tanam, tanah America: Canada, USA Asia: Georgia, Japan, Mongolia, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: New Zealand 202.Psorosina hammondiRiley.; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae; apple leaves skeletonizer II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), nektarin, other stone fruit (buah batu lainnya) batang, daun, buah America: Canada, USA 203.Pyrrhia umbraHufnagel; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; rose budworm, tobacco striped caterpillar II Solanumlycopersicum (tomat, tomato) batang, daun, bunga Asia:Republic of Korea (South Korea) Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Germany, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Russia 117 204.Recilia micaKramer; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; cicadellid leaveshopper II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) tunas, batang, daun Africa:West Africa, Ivory Coast 205.Rhagoletis cerasiL; (= Musca cerasi = Rhagoletis cerasi fasciata=R. cerasi nigripes =R. cerasi obsoleta =R. obsoleta =Spilographa cerasi =Tephritis cerasi =Trypeta signata =Urophora cerasorum =Urophora liturata=Zonosema cerasi); Diptera: Tephritidae; Europeancherryfruit fly, cherry fruit fly II Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus serotina (black cherry) Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Prunus domesticum (plum), Lonicera xylosteum (Fly honeysuckle) buah, media tanam, tanah Asia: Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Ukraine 206.Rhagoletis cingulataLoew.; (=Trypeta (Rhagoletis) cingulata=Trypeta cingulata); Diptera: Tephritidae; cherryfruit fly II Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus serotina (black cherry), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Prunus domesticum (plum) Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus virginiana (commonchokecherrytree) buah, media tanam, tanah America: Canada, Mexico, USA Europe: Austria, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Slovenia, Switzerland 207.Rhagoletis faustaOsten Sacken; (=Acidia fausta = Rhagoletisintrudens =Trypeta II Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry) Malus domesticum (apel, buah, media tanam, tanah America: Canada, USA 118 (Acidia) fausta=T.fausta); Diptera: Tephritidae; black (dark) cherry fruit fly apple), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus emarginata (bitter cherry tree), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Prunus domesticum (plum), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus pensylvanica (pin cherry), Prunus serotina (black cherry), Prunus virginiana (common chokecherrytree) 208.Rhagoletis pomonellaWalsh.; (= Rhagoletis symphoricarpi =Spilographa pomonella =Trypetapomonella =Zonosema pomonella); Diptera: Tephritidae; apple maggot fly, railroad worm II Malus domestica (apel, apple) Amelanchier (serviceberries), Aronia (chockeberry), Cornus florida (Flowering dogwood), Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster apiculatus, Cotoneaster coriaceus, Cotoneaster integerrimus, Crataegus (hawthorns), Crataegus crus- galli (Cockspur hawthorn), Crataegus douglasii (black hawthorn), Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn), Crataegus suksdorfii, Malus (ornamental species apple), Malus baccata (siberian crab apple), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus angustifolia buah, media tanam, tanah America: Canada, Mexico, USA. 119 (Mountain cherry tree), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasifera (myrobalan plum), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus domestica (plam, plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus emarginata (Bitter cherry tree), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus virginiana (common chokecherrytree), Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet firethorn), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Pyrus pyrifolia (Oriental pear tree), Rosa (roses), Rosa rugosa (rugosa rose), Rosa virginiana (Virginia rose), Sorbus aucuparia (mountain ash), Sorbus scopulina 209.Rhynchophorus palmarumL.; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; boring weevil II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Phoenix canariensis Artocarpus communis (sukun, breadfruit), Ananas comosus batang, daun America: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the 120 (nenas, pineapple), Annona reticulata, Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela 210.Rhynchophorus phoenicis L.;Coleoptera: Curculionidae; boring weevil II Phoenix spp, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) batang, daun, titik tumbuh Africa: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda 211.Sacadodes pyralisDyar.; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; Colombian pink bollworm, pink cotton boll worm, Thurberia bollworm, Trinidad bollworm, South American red bollworm, sugarcane stalk borer, South American bollworm II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, lady’s finger), Cienfuegosia affinis, Hibiscus sabdariffa buah, batang, daun, bunga, tanah America:Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama,Paraguay,Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela 212.Saccharosydne saccharivoraWestwood; (=Delphax saccharivora =Stenocranus saccharivorus); Hemiptera: Delphacidae; West indian cane fly, West Indian sugarcane II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) batang, daun, bunga America: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahama, Barbados, Caribbean Island, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, 121 leaveshopper USA, Venezuela 213.Sahlbergella singularisHagl.; (=Sahlbergella theobroma); Heteroptera: Miridae; mirids, brown capsid, cocoa capsid, cocoa capsidstem sapper II Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Cola nitida(bitter cola) Bombax buonopozense(silk- cotton tree), Ceiba pentandra (kapuk randu, kapok), Cola spp., Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Theobroma spp., Theobroma bicolor (nicaraguan cocoa), Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuassu) batang, daun, buah Africa: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central Africa, DR Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Madagascar, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda 214.Scolytus rugulosusMuller; (=Eccoptogaster mediterraneus =E. rugulosus =Scolytus mediterraneus =Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus =R. rugulosus); Coleoptera: Scolytidae;shoot hole borer, apple tree beetle, fruit tree bark beetle, shot-hole borer II Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), other stone fruit (buah batu lainnya) batang, daun, buah Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco,Tunisia America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Peru, USA, Uruguay Asia: Afghanistan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Russia, Serbia, 122 Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK 215.Sesamia calamistis Hamps.; (=Sesamia mediastriga, Sesamia vuteria); Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; African pink stem borer, African pink borer of sugarcane, Mauritius pink borer of sugarcane, pink stalk borer of sugarcane, southern pink borer of sugarcane II Zea mays (jagung, corn), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Pennisetum glaucum(pearl millet), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), cerealia. Carex (sedges), Cyperus papyrus, Poaceae (grasses) batang, daun Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, DR Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya,Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Reunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe 216.Sesamia creticaLederer; (=Sesamia cretica rufescens=S.cyrnaea =S.griselda =S.pecki =S.uniformis =S.vuteria vuterioides); Lepidoptera: Noctuidae;corn stem borer, greater sugarcane borer, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) stem borer, stem corn borer, durra stem borer, corn pink borer, large corn borer, pink sugarcane borer, sugarcane pink borer, sorghum borer II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Pennisetum glaucum(pearl millet), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn) Panicum miliaceum (millet), Poaceae (grasses) batang, daun Africa: Algeria, Cameroon, Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Serbia 217.Sirex noctilio Fabricius; Hymenoptera: Siricidae; woodwasp, steel blue, horntail, european II Pinus banksiana (jack pine), Pinus canariensis (Canary pine), Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinus batang, kayu Africa: South Africa America: Canada, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay Asia: Georgia (Republic), Mongolia 123 woodwasp, sirex wasp, wood wasp, steel-blue densiflora (Japanese umbrella pine), Pinus echinata (shortleaves pine), Pinus elliottii (slash pine), Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine), Pinus jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine), Pinus nigra (black pine), Pinus palustris (longleaves pine), Pinus patula (Mexican weeping pine), Pinuspinaster (maritime pine), Pinuspinea (stone pine), Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Abies (firs), Abies alba (silver fir), Larix (larches), Picea (spruces), Picea abies (common spruce), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Pseudotsuga(douglas-fir) Europe: Austria, Belgium, Canary Islands, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Siberia, Serbia and Montenegro, Serbia, Spain, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 218.Sitophilus granariusL.; (=Calandra granaria =Calendra granaria =Curculio granarius); Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae; grain weevil, maize weevil, granary weevil II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), stored products (dried stored products) Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Avena sativa(oat, oats), Cicer arietinum(chickpea), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Panicum biji Africa: Algeria, Cameroon, Egypt, Morocco, South Africa, Swaziland America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA Asia: Afghanistan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Yemen Europe:Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, 124 spp. (milets), Pennisetum spp. (feather grass), Secale cereale (rye), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticale spp., Vicia faba (faba or broad bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn) Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia 219.Sophronica ventralis Auriv.; Coleoptera: Scolytidae; berry borer II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) batang, daun, biji, buah Africa America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana 220.Stenoma decora Zeller;(=Cryptolechia decora Zeller); Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae; cacao fruit and shoot borer, shoot and pod borer II Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) Ceiba pentandra (kapuk randu, kapok) daun, buah America: Brazil 221.Stromatium barbatum Fabricius;Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; Drywood longicorn beetle II Citrus, Eucalyptus, Oak, pines batang, kayu Africa: Tanzania, Madagascar, Mauritius Asia: India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Pakistan, Nepal 222.Tagosodes cubanus D.L.Crawford; (=Chloriona cubana=Dicranotropis cubanus =Sogatella cubana =Sogatodes cubanus=Sogata cubana); Hemiptera: Delphacidae; paddy plant II Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Cicer aeritinum, Lens esculenta (lentils) batang, daun, Africa: Ivory Coast America: Colombia, Cuba, Guyana, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela 125 hopper 223.Tagosodes orizicolusMuir.; (=Chloriona orizicola =Sogata brazilensis=Sogata orizicola =Tagosodes brazilensis =Sogatodes brazilensis =S. orizicolus =S.oryzicola =S. orizicola =S. orizicolus); Hemiptera: Delphacidae; rice delphacid, rice leaveshopper II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) batang, daun America:Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela 224.Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker; (=Mikimyia furcifera =Toxotrypana fairbatesi); Diptera: Tephritidae, papaya fruit fly II Carica papaya (papaya, pawpaw, papaya) buah, media tanam, tanah America: Bahama, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Virgin Islands, Venezuela. 225.Trichispa sericea Guerin- Meneville; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; rice hispids II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) batang, daun Africa: Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda Europe: Spain 226.Trogoderma granarium Everts; (=Trogoderma affrum=Trogoderma khapra); Coleoptera: Dermestidae; kumbang kaphra/khapra beetle II Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Hordeum vulgare(barley), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Panicum miliaceum (millet), biji, karung goni/alat pembungkus bekas komoditi, makanan Africa: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Zambia, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe. Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, 126 Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), stored products (dried stored products), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn) dan serealia lainnya Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Vicia faba (faba bean), Vigna unguiculata(cowpea) ternak India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen. Europe: Cyprus, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Lithuania, Turkmenistan, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia, Armenia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova 227.Tryphocaria mastersi Pascoe; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae ; Eucalypt ring barber II Acacia spp. batang, kayu, kulit kayu Oceania: Australia 228.Undulambia polystichalis; Lepidoptera: Crambidae;Leatherleaves fern borer moth II Leather Leaves Fern, Rumohra adiantiformis, Polypodium scouleri, Pyrrosia eleagnifolia rimpang America: USA 229.Xestobiumrufovillosum De Geer;Coleoptera: Anobiidae; deathwatch beetle II Quercus (oak), Castanea (chestnut), other hardwood batang, kayu America: NorthAmerica Europe: England, France, wholeEurope Oceania: Australia 230.Xyleborus affinis Eichoff; (=Xyleborus mascarensis Eichhoff=Xyleborus sacchari Hopkins); Coleoptera: Scolytidae;shot-hole borer of sugarcane, ambrosia beetle II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) Juglans nigra (black walnut), Macadamia integrifolia (macadamia nut), Pinus (pines) batang, kayu, kulit kayu America: Brazil, Cuba, USA, Mexico, Jamaica Europe: Italy 127 of oak 231.Xyleborus ferrugineusFab.; (=Xyleborus confusus=X.fuscatus); Coleoptera: Scolytidae; black twig borer, bark beetle II Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam), Euterpe edulis(assai palm), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Pinus elliottii(slash pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) batang, kayu, kulit kayu Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Reunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leon, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Suriname,Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela. Asia:Republic of Korea (South Korea), Malaysia Oceania: American Samoa, Fiji, France Polynesian, Kiribati, Micronesia, Northern Mariana Island, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands 128 232.Xyloborinus saxesenii Batzeburg; Coleoptera: Scolytidae; Fruit tree pinhole borer II Eucalyptus spp. bibit tanaman, batang, kayu, kulit kayu Asia: China, India, Armenia, Azerbeijan Europe: all 233.Zonocerus elegans (Thunb.); (=Acrydium sanguinolentum =Gryllus elegans =Poekilocerus roseipennis); Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae; elegants grasshopper II Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, spinach), Amaranthus (grain amaranth), Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Anacardium occidentale(jambu mete, cashew-nut), Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops),Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Citrus aurantiifolia (jeruk nipis, lime), Citrus limon (lemon, lemon), Citrus reticulata (mandarin, mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Colocasia esculenta (talas, taro), Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), Chromolaenaodorata(siam weed), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Plumeria spp. (frangipani), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, seluruh bagian tanaman, tanah Africa: Angola, Botswana, DR Congo, Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe 129 cassava), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanaceae, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Persea americana (avokad, avocado) 234.Zonocerus variegatus L.; (=Acrydium sanguinolentum=Gryllus (Locusta) variegatus=G. laevis =G. opacus); Orthoptera: Acrididae; variegated grasshopper II Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Amaranthus (grain amaranth), Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, spinach), Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashewnut), Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops),Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Citrus aurantiifolia (jeruk nipis, lime), Citrus limon (lemon, lemon), Citrus reticulata (mandarin, mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Colocasia esculenta (talas, taro), Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), Chromolaenaodorata(siam weed), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Gossypium barbadens seluruh bagian tanaman, tanah Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo 130 (kapas, cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Poaceae, Solanaceae, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Piper, Plumeria (frangipani) Cannabis sativa (hemp), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Tectona grandis (jati, teakwood) 235.Zygogramma exclamationisFab.; (=Calligrapha exclamationis =Zygospila exclamationis =Chrysomela exclamationis); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; sunflower beetle II Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower) batang, daun, tanah, bunga America: Canada, USA II. TUNGAU (MITES) No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME GOLONGAN / GROUP INANG / HOSTS MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAYS DAERAH SEBAR / GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 131
1. 1.Aceria cajani Channabasavanna; Prostigmata: Eriophydae; pigeonpea mite II Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Cajanus cajanifolius, Cajanus platycarpus, Cajanus scarabaeoides (kacang gude, peanut grass), Cajanus sericeus bagian tanaman di atas tanah Asia:Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand
2. 2.Aceria ficus Cotte; (=Aceria fici =Eriophyes fici =E.ficus); Prostigmata: Eriophyidae; fig blister mite, fig mite, fig rust mite II Ficus carica (ara, fig) bagian tanaman di atas tanah Asia: Japan, India Africa: all America: North America Eropa: all
3. 3.Aculops lycopersici Tryon.; (=Aculops destructor =Aculus destructor =A.lycopersici =Phyllocoptes destructor =P.lycopersici =Vasates destructor =V.lycopersici); Prostigmata: Eriophyidae; tomato russet mite, tomato mite II Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Capsicum annuum(cabai besar, paprika, bell-pepper), Browallia americana, Convolvulus, Datura spp., Petunia hybrida, Physalis peruviana, Solanum spp., Convolvulus arvensis, Physalis minima bagian tanaman di atas tanah Africa: Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Mauritius, Morocco,, Mozambique, Senegal, South Africa, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Curaçao, Guyana France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia:Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Republic of Korea, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Swedia, Ukraina, UK Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New 132 Caledonia, New Zealand, Vanuatu
4. 4.Aculops pelekassi Keifer; (=Aculus pelekassi); Prostigmata: Eriophyidae; pink citrus rust mite II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) bagian tanaman di atas tanah America: USA, Brazil Asia: Republic of Korea (South Korea), Taiwan, Thailand Europe: Italy, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
5. 5.Aculus schlechtendali Nalepa; (=Aculus malivagrans=Phyllocoptes schlechtendali =Vasates malivagrans =Vasates schlechten-dali); Prostigmata: Eriophyidae; apple rust mite, apple bud mite, apple leaf mite, rusty leaf mite II Malus domestica (apel, apple) Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree) bagian tanaman di atas tanah Africa: Egypt, South Africa America:Canada, USA, Chile Asia: China, India, Japan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Swedia, Switzerland, Ukraina, UK Oceania: New Zealand, Australia
6. 6.Brevipalpus californicus Bank.; (=Brevipalpus australis =B.browningi =B.confusis =B. woglumi =Hystripalpus californicus =Tenuipalpus australis =T.californicus =T.vitis); Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae;citrus flat mite, red flat mite, scarlet mite of tea, bunch mite II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Citrus spp. Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, lady’s finger), Citharexylum quadrangulare, Cymbidium, Cucurbita, Dendrobium, Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweetpotato), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Vigna sinensis (buncis, common bean), Phalaenopsis, Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), bagian tanaman di atas tanah Africa: Algeria, Angola, Congo, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Mozambique, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guyana France, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, USA Asia: Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Mauritania, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand Europe: Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Russia 133 Pittosporum, Rhododendron, Robinia, Schinus terebinthifolius, Sesbania sesban, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Chenopodium ambrosioides, Cinnamomum burmanii (kayu manis, cassiavera), Lablab purpureus, Solanum spp. Oceania: Australia, Guam, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
7. 7.Bryobia rubrioculusScheuten; (=Bryobia arborea, B.redikorzevi); Prostigmata: Tetranychidae; brown apple mite, brown mite; brown, bryobia mite, pear bryobia mites II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus avium, Prunus domestica, Prunus dulcis, Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus spp., Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Pyrus javonica (Japonica), Ulmus sp. (elm) Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Prunus salicina bagian tanaman di atas tanah Africa: Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA, Uruguay Asia:Afghanistan, Azerbaijan,China, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan,Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Turkey, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraina, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
8. 8.Eotetranychus willamettei McGregor; (=Tetranychus willamettei =Tetranychus willametti); Prostigmata: Tetranychidae; willamette mite II Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Acernegundo, Quercusgarryana, Quercuslobata, Eriogonumjamesi, Amelanchiersp., Malusdomestica (apel, apple), bagian tanaman di atas tanah America: USA 134 Purshiatridentata, Pyruscommunis (pir, pear), Sorbusdomestica, Ulmussp. (elm)
9. 9.Mononychellus tanajoa Bondar: (=Mononychellus caribbeanae =Mononychus tanajoa =Eotetranychus caribbeanae =E.caribbeanus = Tetranychus tanajoa); Prostigmata: Tetranychidae; cassava mite, cassava green mite II Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Vigna sinensis (kacang panjang, cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) bagian tanaman di atas tanah Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad, Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominica, Ekuador, Falklands, Guyana France, Guyana, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: China Oceania: Australia, Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands
10. 10.Oligonychus peruvianus McGregor: (=Homonychus peruvianus = Paratetranychus peruvianus =Paratetranychus trinitatis =Tetranychus peruvianus(Mc Gregor) =Tetranychus peruvensis =Tetranychus trinitatis); Prostigmata: Tetranychidae;cassava white II Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) Ceratonia siliqua, Citrusaurantium, Coffea arabica (kopi, coffee), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Gossypium, Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Trifolium repens, Vitis, Oxalis sp.
11. 11.Oligonychus yothersi McGregor; Prostigmata: Tetranychidae; avocado red mite II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (Avokad, avocado) tanaman dan bagian tanaman di atas tanah America: Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, USA Asia: Iran
12. 12.Panonychus ulmi Koch; (=Paratetranychus ulmi Koch = Metatetranychus ulmi Koch=Tetranychus pilosus Canestrini et Fanzago = Tetranychus mytilaspidis Ewing); Prostigmata: Tetranychidae; european red spider mite II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Prunus persica(persik, peach), Prunus domesticum (plum), Prunus cerasus (sour ceri). Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut), Cedrus (cedars), Citrus, Citrus deliciosa (jeruk mediterranean mandarin), Citrus reticulata (jeruk mandarin), Coffea (kopi, coffee), Corylus, Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Morus alba (murbei, mulberry), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus dulcis (almond), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) daun, bagian tanaman Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia, America: Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia (Republic), India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Denmark, Finland, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Moldova, 136 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Swedia, Switzerland, Ukraina, UK. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
13. 13.Penthaleus major Duges; (=Tetranychus major Dugès); Prostigmata: Tetranychidae; blue oat mite, winter grain mite II Avena sativa (oats), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama), Bromus secalinus (Rye brome),Lathyrus, Lolium, Lolium multiforum (italian ryegrass), Poaceae (grassess), Secale cereale (rye). biji, daun, bagian tanaman, tanah Africa: South Africa. America: Argentina, Canada, Mexico, USA Asia: China, Japan Europe: France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain, UK. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
14. 14.Petrobia latens (Muller); (=Acarus latens = Acarus petarum =Acarus praegnans =Paratetranychus longipes =Petrobia cepae =Petrobia lapidum =Petrobia tritici = Tetranobia decepta =Tetranychia tritici =Tetranychopsis paupera =Tetranychopsis simplex =Tetranychus anauniensis =Tetranychus longipes= Trombidium lapidum);Prostigmata: Tetranychidae; brown wheat mite II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), (barli, barley), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Cuminum cyminum (jintan, cumin), Coriandrum sativum (ketumbar, corriander), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Sorghumbicolor(sorgum, sorghum), Gladiol, Iris, Malusdomestica (apel,apple), Gossypiumbarbadens(kapas,c otton), daun, tanah, bagian tanaman di atas tanah Africa: Egypt, South Africa America: Canada, USA Asia: China, India, Republic of Korea (South Korea) Europe: Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia 137 Medicagosativa(alfalfa,lucerne ), Clover
15. 15.Phyllocoptes vitis Nalepa; (= Phyllocoptes viticolus); Prostigmata: Eriophydae; grapevine rust mite, acarinosis of vine, vine rust mite II Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) daun Africa: South Africa Asia: India. Europe: Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
16. 16.Phytonemus pallidus (Banks) (=Steneotarsonemus fragariae =Steneotarsonemus pallidus =Tarsonemus destructor =Tarsonemus fragariae =Tarsonemus pallidus); Prostigmata:Tarsonemidae; strawberry mite, cyclamen mite II Begonia, Begonia cucullata var. hookeri (Perpetual begonia), Capsicum annuum (cabaibesar, paprika, bell pepper), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Chrysanthemum frutescens, Consolida ambigua, Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Fragaria (strawberry), Rhododendron simsii tanaman, bagian tanaman di atas tanah Africa: South Africa America: Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, USA, Venezuela Asia: Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Philippines, Taiwan, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia
17. 17.Retracus elaeis Keifer; Prostigmata: Phytoptidae; oil palm mite II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) daun, biji America: Costa Rica, Colombia
18. 18.Rhizoglyphus echinopus Fumouze & Robin (=Coepophagus echinopus =Rhizoglyphus hyacinthi II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic),Panax ginseng (asiatic ginseng) tanaman, bagian tanaman America: USA Asia: Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan 138 =Rhizoglyphus spinitarsus =Tyroglyphus echincopus); Astigmata: Acaridae; bulb mite Europe: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraina, Russia, Hungary, Spain Oceania: New Zealand
19. 19.Steneotarsonemus laticeps (Halbert);(=Tarsonemus approximatus =Tarsonemus approximatus narcissi =Tarsonemus hydrocephalus =Tarsonemus laticeps); Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae; bulb scale mite II Narcissus (daffodil), Hippeastrum spp. (amarilis, amaryllis),Cyrtanthus spp. (fire lily),Eucharis spp. (Amazon lily, eucharist lily),Sprekelia spp. (Jacobean lily) umbi, bagian tanaman di atas tanah Europe: UK, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
20. 20.Tarsonemus myceliophagus Hussey; Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae II Mushroom batang jamur America: USA Europe:UK, New Zealand, Netherlands, Germany. Oceania: Australia
21. 21.Tetranychus pacificus McGregor;Prostigmata:Tetra nychidae; Pacific mite, Pacific spider mite II Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Prunus, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Phaseolus vulgaris(common bean), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean). Zea mays (jagung, maize, corn), Ficus carica (ara, fig), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, flax), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, tanaman, bagian tanaman di atas tanah America: Canada, Mexico, USA 139 sunflower), Salvia sp., Morning glory, Fragaria (strawberry), Rosa (roses), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Vicia (vetch.Begonia, Begonia cucullata var. hookeri (Perpetual begonia), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell pepper), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Chrysanthemum frutescens (marguerite), Consolida ambigua (rocket larkspur), Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Rhododendron simsii (Sim's azalea)
22. 22.Tetranychus schoenei McGregor; (=Septanychus schoenei McGregor); Prostigmata: Tetranychidae; schoene mite II Malus domestica (apel, apple), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Prunus domesticum (plum), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) tanaman, bagian tanaman di atas tanah America: USA Europe: All
23. 23.Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank(=Acarus putrescentiae =Tyroglyphus americanus = Tyroglyphus castellanii= Tyroglyphus lintneri =Tyroglyphus muscae =Tyroglyphus nadinus =Tyroglyphus putrescentiae =Tyrophagus brauni =Tyrophagus bulleri =Tyrophagus castellanii II Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), daun, bunga, komoditas simpan, jamur, debu, polen, tanah, moss, kotoran dan sarang berbagai hewan Africa:Angola, Egypt, Kenya, Zimbabwe. America:Barbados, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Peru, Panama, Mexico, USA,Venezuela Asia:Bangladesh, China, India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Turkey Europe:Belgium, CzechRepublic and 140 =Tyrophagus lintneri =Tyrophagus longior var. castellanii =Tyrophagus noxius);Astigmata: Acaridae; cereal mite, cheese mite, copra itch mite, forage mite, mill mite, mold mite, mould mite Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Scandinavia, Slovakia, Spain, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia III. KEONG (SNAIL) DAN SIPUT (SLUG) No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME GOLONGAN / GROUP INANG / HOSTS MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAYS DAERAH SEBAR / GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
24. 1.AchatinacraveniSmith; Achatinidae; Giant African snail II Coffeaspp.(kopi, coffee), Sesamumindicum(wijen, sesame), tanamanhias(perdu) bibit Africa: Zanzibar, Lake Tanganyika,Mozambique
25. 2.AchatinazanzibaricaBourg; Giant African snail, Giant land snail II Gossypiumbarbadens(kapas, cotton), Agave sisalana (sisal), tanamanhias(perdu) bibit Africa: all
26. 3.Ariolimax columbianus Gould; Pacific banana slug II Musaspp.(pisang, banana), garden plant and flowers daun, sisa tanaman, bibit, tanaman America: USA, North America
27. 4.ArioncircumscriptusJohnston; (=Arion bourguignati); Arionidae; Brownbanded arion, white soled slug II Nicotianatabacum(tembakau , tobacco), Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot), Fragariavesca(arbei, strawberry), Solanum tuberosum(kentang, potato), bibit, umbi America: North America, USA Europe: Czech Republic, Great Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia 141 tanamanjagung(plantofcorn) , Apiumgraveolens(seledri, celery), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), rape, poppy,rye
28. 5.ArionintermediusNormand; Arionidae; Hedgehog arion, Hedgehog slug II Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot), Solanumtuberosum(kentang, potato), Apiumgraveolens(seledri, celery), tulip, Zea mays L (Jagung, corn), Triticum spp. (gandum, wheat), Ornamental plants bibit, umbi America: USA, Canada, Hawaii Asia: Sri Lanka Europe: Western and Central Europe Oceania: New Zealand
29. 6.ArionrufusL.; (=Limax rufus =Arion ater =Arion empiricorum); Arionidae; Chocolate arion, European red slug II Nicotianatabacum(tembakau , tobacco), Solanumtuberosum(kentang, potato), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), medicinalherbs, poppy, rape, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), rye, Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Brassica oleracea (kubis, cabbage), Petroselinum crispum (peterseli, parsley) biji, bibit, tanaman America: USA, Canada Europe: Western and Sothern Europe
30. 7.ArionsubfuscusDrap; (=Limax subfuscus =Arion krynickii =Arion brunneus =Arion II Solanumtuberosum(kentang, potato), Daucuscarota(wortel, biji, umbi, daun, batang, bunga, buah America:USA, Canada Europe: UK (Britain, East Anglia) 142 esthonicus); Arionidae; Dusky arion carrot), Apiumgraveolens(seledri, celery), Fragaria ananassa(stroberi, strawberry), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato)
31. 8.BradybaenafructicumMuller; Bradybaenidae; brush snail, bush snail II Vitisvinifera(anggur, grapevine), polong-polongan (legumes), tanamanhias (anggrek, tanaman berdaun/puring), Apium graveolens(seledri, celery) bibit Africa: all Asia: all Europe: all
32. 9.CecilioidesaciculaMuller; Ferussaciidae; blind snail, blind awlsnail II Asparagusoffinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Apiumgraveolens (seledri, celery) bibit Africa: South Africa America: Argentina, Bermuda, Barbadaos, Hawaii, USA Europe: Canary Island, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine Oceania: New Zealand, Australia
33. 10.DerocerasagresteL;(=Limaxagre stis =Agriolimax agrestis =Agrolimax fedschenkoi =Agrolimax transcaucasicus coeciger); Agriolimacidae; Field slug, grey field slug, milky slug II Fragariavesca(arbei, strawberry), sayuran (vegetables), Solanum tuberosum(kentang, potato), Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot), Brassicaceae, Trifoliumsp, Cynarascolymus(Artichoke), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce) bibit, umbi, akar, tanaman America: all Asia:all Europe:North Europe, Central Europe (Scandinavia, Russia Oceania: Australia
34. 11.DiscusrotundatusMuller;(=Helix II Orchidaceae tanaman, America:USA, Canada 143 rotundatus); Discidae;Rotund disc bagian tanaman Europe:Southern Scandinavia, Northern Scotland to Algeria, Spain, Ireland, Ukraine, Turkey, Denmark, Norway
35. 12.DrymaeusdormaniBinney:Buli mulidae; Manatee Treesnail II Citrusspp.(jeruk, orange) bibit America: all
36. 13.GeomalacusmaculosusAllman; Arionidae; Kerry slug, Kerry spotted slug II Betavulgarisvar.saccharifera (Bitgula, sugarbeet) bibit Europe, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, France
37. 14.HelixaspersaMuller; (=Cornu aspersum =Cantareus asperses =Cryptomphalus aspersus); Helicidae; Brown garden snail, common snail, garden snail II Actinidiachinensis(kiwi, Chinesegooseberry), Beta vulgaris(bit, beetroot), Brassicasp, Citrus, Capsicum, Fragariaananassa (strawberry), Lactuca sativa(selada, lettuce), Lycopersicumesculentum (tomat, tomato), Persea americana(avokad, avocado), Phaseolusvulgaris, (common bean), Pyrus communis(pir, pear), Ribes nigrum (blackcurrant), Zeamays(jagung, corn, maize), Alliumcepa(bawangbombai, onion), Brassicaoleraceaevar. capitata(kubis, cabbage), Polyphagous, Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot) bibit, daun, akar, batang, biji, kayu, kulit kayu, umbi, bunga, buah Africa:Algeria, Egypt, Gambia, Lesotho, Lybia, Mauritius, Morocco, Portugal, Reunion, SaintHelena, Seychelles, South Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe, Spain America:Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, FrenchGuiana, Haiti, Mexico, Peru, USAUruguay, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Colombia, Guyana, Venezuela. Asia:China, Israel, Lebanon, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Thailand, Uzbekistan Europe:Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia- Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Canary Island, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Gibraltar, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Romania, Serbia, 144 Alcea sp., Allium spp. (onion, garlic, leek, etc), Alnus sp. (alders), Alyssum sp. (alison), Avena sativa (oat), Calibrachoa sp., Consolida sp., Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Dahlia sp, Delphiniumsp. (larkspur), Dianthus sp (carnation), Hedera helix (ivy), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Poaceae, Coriandrum sativum(ketumbar, cor- riander) Humuluslupulus(hop), Iberis sp. (candytuft), Laburnum anagyroides (common laburnum), Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea), Liliumsp. (lily), Malus domestica (apple), Medicago lupulina (black medick), Nasturtium (watercress), Opuntia ficus-indica (pricky pear), Penstemon sp., Petunia sp., Pisum sativum (pea), Primula sieboldii, Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercarp), Raphanus sativus (radish), Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Oceania: Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Australia, NewZealand, Nonfolk Is Heliland, Pitcairn Island, Samoa 145 Yucca sp., Zinnia sp., Nasturtium officinale(seladaair, watercress), Rosmarinus officinalis(rosemary), Rosa sp., Thymus vulgaris(thyme), Helianthus annuus(bunga matahari, sunflower), Trifolium alexandrium (egyptian clover), Vitis vinifera(anggur, grapevine), strawberry, Citrusspp.(jeruk, orange), Triticum aestivum(gandum, wheat)
38. 15.HelixpomatiaL.; Helicidae; Roman snail, edible snail, vineyard snail, burgundy snail II Nicotianatabacum(tembakau , tobacco), Vitisvinifera(anggur, grapevine), Triticum aestivum(gandum, wheat), dansayuran (vegetables) bibit America:Canada Europe: Denmark, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, Republic of Macedonia, Great Britain, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Norway, Finland, Ukraine, Portugal, Greece
39. 16.HelixrufescensPennant; Helicidae; reddish snail II Fragariavesca (arbei, strawberry) bibit America: all
40. 17.LanistesovumTrosch; II Oryzasativa(padi, paddy) tanaman Africa: Botswana, Congo, Chad, 146 (=Lanistes connollyi =Lanistes elator =Lanistes innesi =Lanistes procerus); Ampullariidae; freshwater snail Ghana, Cameroon, Gambia, Angola, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa
41. 18.LehmaniavalentianaFerussac; Limacidae; terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk II Orchidaceae(anggrek, orchid), Solanumtuberosum(kentang, potato), sayuran (vegetables) bibit, umbi, akar Africa: South Africa America: USA, Canada, Chile, Peru, Colombia. Asia: China, Japan Europe: Andora, Austria, Azores, Balearis Island, Belgium, Britain Island, Canary Island, Corsica, Czech Republic, Danish Mainland, French Mainland, Gibraltar, Hungary, Ireland, Italian Island, Lithuania, Madeira, Malta, Poland, Portuguese, Romania, Russia, Spanish Mainland, Sweden, The Netherland. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
42. 19.LimaxcinereonigerWolf; (=Limax antiquorum); Limacidae; Ash- grey slug, black keel-slug II Solanumtuberosum(kentang, potato), Apiumgraveolens(seledri, celery), Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot), tanaman hias (anggrek, anthurium, tanaman berdaunlainnya) biji, umbi Europe: all
43. 20.LimaxmaximusL; (=Limax maculatus =Limax cellarius =Limax cinereus =Limacella parma =Limax antiquorum); Limacidae; Giant garden slug, Great slug, II Solanumtuberosum(kentang, potato), Apiumgraveolens(seledri, celery), Cucumis sativus(ketimun, cucumber), Lycopersicumesculentum(to biji, umbi America:USA, Hawaii Europe:Italy, Norway Oceania: New Zealand 147 Tiger slug, Spotted leopard slug mat, tomato), Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot), Brassica oleraceavar.capitata(kubis, cabbage), Cucurbitamoschata(labu, pumpkin), tanamanhias (anggrek, anthurium, tanaman berdaunlainnya), jamur (mushroom)
44. 21.MarisacornuarietisL.; Ampullariidae; Giant ramshorn snail, apple snail II Oryzasativa(padi, paddy). tanaman. Africa: all America: USA, Hawaii, Karibia
45. 22.MilaxbudapestensisHazay; Milacidae; budapest slug, keeled slug, subterranean slug II Solanumtuberosum(kentang, potato), Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot), sayuran, akarsayuran, Triticum aestivum(gandum, wheat), rape, poppy, rye, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Apium graveolens(seledri, celery), Helianthusannuus(bunga matahari, sunflower) biji, umbi Europe: all
46. 23.MilaxgagatesDraparnaud; (=Limax gagtes =Limax fulginosus =Milax antipodarum =Limax pectinatus =Milax hewstoni =Milax emarginata =Milax tasmanicus =Milax nigricolus =Amalia antipodarum var. pallida II Solanumtuberosum(kentang, potato), Daucuscarota(wortel, carrot), Brassicaoleraceavar. capitata(kubis, cabbage), Fragariavesca(arbei, strawberry), Cynara scolimus(Artichoke), Glycine biji, umbi, bibit, akar, batang Africa:all America: USA Asia: Japan, Sri Lanka Europe: Britain, Mediterranean region Oceania: New Zealand, Australia 148 =Amalia parryi =Amalia babori); Milacidae; Greenhouse slug, Keeled slug max (kedelai, soyabean), Helianthusannuus(bunga matahari, sunflower), (oilseed rape)
47. 24.MilaxsowerbyiTandonia sowerbyi; sowerby’s slug, bulb- eating slug II Solanumtuberosum(kentang, potato), Apiumgraveolens(seledri, celery), Daucus carota(wortel, carrot) biji, umbi Europe: all
48. 25.OtalalacteaMuller; Helicidae; Milk snail, Milky snail II Alliumsativum(bawangputih, garlic), Apiumgraveolens(seledri, celery), Brassicaoleraceavar.botrytis( kembang kol, cauliflower),Brassicaolerace a capitata(kubis,cabbage), Brassicaoleraceavar.italica(b rokoli, broccoli), Brassicaceae, Citrus, Caricapapaya(pepaya,papay a), Lactuca sativa(selada, lettuce), Pimpinella anisum (anise), lily, yucca, biji, umbi Africa: NorthAfrica America:Bermuda,Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, DominicanRepublic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, FrenchGuiana, USA, Cuba, Jamaica Europe:Netherlands, Spain Oceania: Australia
49. 26.OxychiluscellariusMuller; Zonitidae; Cellar glass snail II Orchidaceae (Anggrek, orchid), legumes, Cucumissativus(ketimun, cucumber), Cucurbita moschata(labu, pumpkin), Citrulluslanatus(semangka, watermelon), Cucumismelo(melon, melon) batang, akar, buah Africa: North Africa America: USA, Canada Asia:all Europe: all Oceania: New Zealand
50. 27.OxychilusdraparnaudiBeck; II Orchidaceae(Anggrek, batang, akar, Europe: all 149 Zonitidae; Dark bodied glass snail orchid), legumes, Cucumissativus(ketimun, cucumber), Cucurbita moschata(labu, pumpkin) buah
51. 28.Pilaglobosa(Swainson); common freshwater gastropod II Oryzasativa(padi, paddy), tanamanair bibit, sisa tanaman Asia:Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, DominicanRepublic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, FrenchGuiana
52. 29.ThebapisanaMuller; (=Helix pisana); Helicidae; White garden snail, mediteranean sandsnail, sandhill snail, white snail II Vitis vinifera (anggur, grape), Citrusspp.(jeruk, orange), Brassicaoleraceacapitata (kubis, cabbage), Lycopersicumesculentum(to mat, tomato), legumes (kacang-kacangan), Medicago sativa (alfalfa), ornamental plant, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat),Hordeumvulgare(barli ,barley),Daucus carota (wortel, carrot) biji, bibit Africa: South Africa, Somaliland America: USA, Atlantic Island, Bermuda, Canary Island Asia: Iran Europe: Western France, England, Wales, Ireland Oceania:Australia
53. 30.VaginulahedleyiSimroth; Veronicellidae; Vaginula slugs II Nicotianatabacum(tembakau , tobacco), Ipomoeabatatas(ubi jalar, sweetpotato), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne) biji America: all 150 IV. NEMATODA (NEMATODES) N O NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME GOLONGA N/ GROUP INANG/ HOST MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAYS DAERAH SEBAR/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
54. 1.Anguina agrostis (Steinbuch) Filipjev; (=Anguillula agrostidis =A.agrostis =A.phalaridis =Anguillulina agrostis =A.phalaridis =Anguina funesta =A.lolii =A.phalaridis =A.poophila =Tylenchus agrostidis =T.agrostis =T.phalaridis =T.phlei =Vibrio agrostis =Vibrio phalaridis); Anguinidae; rye grass nematode, bentgrass nematode, grass seed eelworm I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Agrostis canina(velvet bentgrass), Agrostis exarata(spike bentgrass), Agrostis stolonifera var. Palustris(creeping bentgrass), Agrostis capillaris(colonial bentgrass), Bromus erectus(erect brome), Dactylis glomerata(orchardgrass), Festuca ovina(sheep fescue), Festuca nigrescens(red fescue), Lolium rigidum(wimmera ryegrass), Phleum pratense(timothy), Phleum boehmeri, Phleum phleoides(boehmer's cat's- tail), Poa alpina(alpine bluegrass), Poa annua(annual bluegrass), Poa pratensis(kentucky bluegrass), Trisetum tunas, daun, biji, batang/ranti ng, akar, bunga, stolon, tanah Africa: South Africa America: Canada, USA Asia: China, Kyrgyzstan Europe: Czech, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, UK Oceania:Australia, New Zealand. 151 flavescens(yellow oatgrass)
55. 2.Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) Chitwood; (=Anguillula tritici =Anguillulina tritici =Rhabditis tritici =Tylenchus scandens =T.tritici =Vibrio tritici); Anguinidae; wheat nematode, wheatgall nematode, eelworm disease, earcockles, bunted wheat, hard smut, cockle wheat, purples I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Secale cereale (rye), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Triticum dicoccum, Triticum spelta Avena sativa (oat, oats ), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Triticum turgidum tunas, bunga, daun, batang, ranting, biji, tanah Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia America:USA, Brazil, Canada Asia: China, Iran, India, Syria, Iraq, Israel, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, South Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
56. 3.Aphasmatylenchus straturatus Germani; Hoplolaimidae; ground nut chlorosis nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut). Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Vigna cylindrical (kacang tunggak, long bean), Voandzeia subterranea(bambara groundnut) akar, polong, tanah Africa: Burkina Faso
57. 4.Aphelenchoides arachidis Bos.; Aphelenchoididae; I: jika MP tidak Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut) tunas, polong, akar, Africa: Nigeria, Cameroon, Egypt 152 groundnut testa nematode, peanut testa nematode diproses. II: jika MP diproses Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Pennisetum glaucum(pearl millet), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, corn) biji, tanah
58. 5.Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Schwartz) Steiner & Buhrer; (=Aphelenchoides ribes =Aphelenchus phyllophagus =A.ribes =A.ritzemabosi =Pathoaphelenchus ritzemabosi =Pseudaphelenchoides ritzemabosi =Tylenchus ribes); Aphelenchoididae; bud and leaf nematode, Chrysant foliar eelworm, leaf wilt nematode of Chrysant, Chrysant foliar nematode, Blackcurrant nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Chrysanthemum morifolium (krisan, chrysanthemum (florists), Dahlia, Fragaria vesca (stroberi, wildstrawberry), Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry) Asplenium nidus(bird's nest fern), Bergenia spp.(elephant-leaved saxifrage), Calceolaria spp.(pouch flower), Campanula spp.(campanulas), Campanula pyramidalis(chimney bellflower), Consolida ambigua(rocket larkspur), Crassula coccinea, Callistephus chinensis(China aster), Geranium spp.(cranesbill), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hibiscus rosa – sinensis biji, daun, batang, akar, bunga, umbi, kormus, stolon, media tanam, tanah Africa: South Africa, Mauritius America: Brazil, Chile, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, USA, Venezuela. Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, Kazakhtans, South Korea, Uzbekistan Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary,Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, UK, Ukraine, Oceania: New Zealand, Fiji 153 (kembang sepatu, china- rose), Helleborus niger(christmas rose), Lavandula angustifolia(lavender), Lotus corniculatus, Lupinus spp. (lupine), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Limonium sinuatum (sea pink), Lotus corniculatus (bird's-foot trefoil), Lupinus (lupins), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Mimulus spp.(monkey-flower), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum basilicum (kemangi, basil), Passiflora quadrangularis(markisa, passionfruit, granadilla), Peperomia sp., Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Philadelphus coronarius (mock orange), Ranunculus (buttercup), Rheum hybridum(rhubarb), Rhododendron spp. (azalea), Rudbeckia spp. (coneflower), Salvia splendens(scarlet sage), Sinningia speciosa(gloxinia), St.paulia spp.(african 154 violet), St.paulia ionantha(african violet), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum nigrum(black nightshade), Verbena spp.(vervain), Viburnum spp., Viola spp. (violet), Ribes nigrum(blackcurrant), Veronica (speedwell), Limonium sinuatum, Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Zinnia elegans(zinnia), Buddleia spp., Eleusine coracana(finger millet),Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry), Rumex (Dock), Ranunculus spp., Sambucus spp.(elderberry), Senecio spp.(groundsel), Sonchus spp., Veronica spp., Echium spp., Rumex spp., Stellaria media
59. 6.Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau; Belonolaimidae; sting nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Brassica spp., Cynodon dactylon(Bermuda grass), Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, navel orange), Cucumis melo (melon, tanah berpasir, kerikil, akar, bibit America: Bahama, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA. Asia: Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey 155 melon), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria spp., (stroberi, strawberry), Gossypium hirsutum(kapas, bourbon cotton), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Poaceae, Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, lady’s finger), Acer spp.(maples), Acer pseudoplatanus(sycamore), Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris(bent grass), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Baccharis halimifolia (groundsel- bush), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot),Brassica oleracea (cabbages, cauliflowers), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip rape)Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chillies, red pepper), Casuarina equisetifolia(casuarina), Chrysanthemum spp.(daisy), 156 Citrullus lanatus(semangka, watermelon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Desmodium tortuosum(florida beggarweed), Digitaria decumbens(pangolagrass), Digitaria sanguinalis(large crabgrass), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon),Eremochloa ophiuroides(centipedegrass), Festuca arundinacea(reed fescue), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hordeum vulgare (sorgum, sorghum), Ilex (holly), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Ipomoea purpurea (Tall morning glory), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Liquidambar styraciflua(sweet gum), Lolium multiflorum(italian ryegrass), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato),Mentha spicata (Spear mint), Ocimum basilicum (kemangi, basil), Oxalis (wood sorrels), Paspalum 157 notatum(bahiagrass), Pennisetum glaucum(pearl millet), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pinus palustris(longleaf pine), Pinus taeda(loblolly pine), Pisum sativum (pea), Pittosporum tobira(japanese pittosporum), Poaceae (grasses), Pharbitis purpurea, Rumex crispus(curled dock), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Schinus terebinthifolius(Brazilian pepper tree), Secale cereale (rye), Sesbania exaltata(coffeebean (USA)), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum Sudanense(Sudan grass), Stenotaphrum secundatum(buffalograss), Trifolium spp.(clovers), 158 Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), turfgrasses, Ulmus parvifolia(lacebark elm), Vaccinium corymbosum(blueberry), Vigna unguiculata(cowpea), Baccharis halimifolia, Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Vitis rotundifolia(Muscadine grape)
60. 7.Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) Baujard; (=Aphelenchoides cocophilus =Aphelenchus cocophilus =Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus =Chitinoaphelenchus cocophilus); Aphelenchoididae; red ring nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Sabal palmetto tunas, kulit kayu, planlet, batang, daun, akar, kayu, tanah, bibit Vektor: Coleoptera, Curculionida e: Rhynchophor us palmarum, R. cruentatus America: Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador,Guatemala, Guyana, Grenada, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, French Guiana
61. 8.Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle; (=Aphelenchoides xylophilus =Bursaphelenchus lignicolus); Parasitaphelenchidae; pine wood nematode, pine wilt nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Pinus spp. Abies spp., (fir), Cedrus deodara (deodar cedar), Cedrus atlantica, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (alaska cedar), Picea spp. (spruce), Pseudotsuga menziesii kulit kayu, batang, kayu, kemasan kayu Vektor:Coleo ptera, Cerambycida Africa: South Africa America: Canada, Mexico, USA. Asia: China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan Europe: Portugal 159 (douglas-fir), Larix spp. (larch) e: Monochamus alternatus, M. nitens
62. 9.Cactodera cacti (Filipjev & Schuumans Stekhoven) Krall & Krall; (=Heterodera cacti); Heteroderidae; cactus cyst nematode, cactus cyst eelworm, cactus root eelworm I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Schlumbergera truncata (christmas cactus), Epiphyllum spp., Epiphyllum ackermannii, Echinopsis spp., Erysimum allionii, Ferocactus spp., Opuntia microdasys(angel's wings), Opuntiastricta(erect prickly pear), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), famili cactaceae akar, batang, tanah Africa: Algeria America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, USA, Asia: China, India, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech, Denmark, Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Rumania, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraina, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia.
63. 10.Ditylenchus africanusWendt et. al.;Anguinidae; thepeanut pod nematode, groundnut pod nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut) Chenopodium album (fat hen), Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium hirsutum (Bourbon cotton), biji, polong, akar, umbi, buah Africa:Mozambieque, South Africa Asia: China 160 Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Lupinus albus (white lupine), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Tagetes minuta (stinking Roger), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea), Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur), Zea mays (jagung, corn)
64. 11.Ditylenchus destructor Thorne; Anguinidae; potato rot nematode, potato tuber nematode, potato eelworm I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, chrysant), Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, navel orange), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), polong, umbi, rimpang, batang, stolon, kormus, akar, planlet, tanah Africa: South Africa America: Canada, Ecuador, Haiti, Mexico, Peru, USA Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarusia, Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Czech, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, 161 Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, pumpkin), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot),Dahlia hybrids, Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Gladiolus hybrids(sword lily), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Humulus lupulus (hops), Irish spp., Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Mentha spp. (mentol, mint), Panax schinseng (ginseng), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Trifolium spp., Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Tulipa spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn) Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
65. 12.Ditylenchus dipsaci (Khun.) Filipjev; (=Aguillulina dipsaci =A. Dipsaci var. tobaensis =Tylenchus dipsaci =T. devastator =T. devastatrix = Anguillula dipsaci =A. secalis = A. devastatrix= Ditylenchus allocotus =D. amsinckiae = D. I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Allium fistulosum (bawang daun, welch onion), Allium porrum (bawang daun, leek), Avena umbi, buah, bunga, daun, bibit, batang, biji, stolon, tanah Africa: Algeria, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Réunion, South Africa, Tunisia. America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Haiti, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, USA (Hawaii), Uruguay, Venezuela. 162 fragariae = D. sochophila = D. trifolii =D. dipsaci var. Communis =Tylenchus putrefaciens =T. havensteinii = T. hyacinthi =T. Allii; Anguinidae; nematoda umbi/brown ring disease of hyacinth, stem and bulb nematode, onion bloat, bulb eelworm, ring disease of bulbs sativa (oat, oats), Begonia, Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (bit gula, sugarbeet), Cannabis sativa(hemp), Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Hyacinthus orientalis (hyacinth), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Narcissus (daffodil), Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Phlox drummondii (phlox), Phlox paniculata (garden phlox), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Secale cereale (gandum, rye), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Trifolium repens (white clover), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Tulipa spp., Vicia faba (broad bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn). Allium cepa var. aggregatum (bawang merah, shallot), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Abrosia spp., Avena spp., Agropiron spp., Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia (Republic), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen Europe: Europe (as a whole), Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Central Russia, Russian Far East, Siberia, Southern Russia, Western Siberia), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK (England and Wales, Scotland), Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 163 Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Bergenia, Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (turnip), Carduus acanthoides (welted thistle), Crocus sativus (kuma-kuma, safron, saffron), Cucurbitae, Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot), Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle), Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed), Chrysanthemun spp., Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle), Dianthus caryophyllus (anyelir, carnation),Erigeron spp.,Iris spp., Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweetpotato), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Delpinium spp., Hydrangea (hydrangeas), Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil, lentil), Onobrychis vicifolia (sainfoin), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Triticum (gandum, wheat), Orchidaceae (anggrek, 164 orchids), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Lactucasativa (selada, lettuce), Lepidium spp., Tagetes spp., Trifolium spp., Plantago spp., Hyacinthes spp., Hieracium pilosella (mouse-ear hawkweed), Lamium album (white deadnettle), Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle), Lamium purpureum (purple deadnettel), Myriophyllum verticillatum (whorled watermilfoil), Nerine sarniensis (guernsey lily), Ranunculus arvensis (Corn buttercup), Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish), Stellaria media (common chickweed), Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion)
66. 13.Globodera tabacum(Lownsbery & Lownsbery) Skarbilovich; (=Globodera tabacum =Heterodera tabacum); Heteroderidae; tobaco cyst nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato) Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Solanum nigrum(black nightshade), akar, umbi, tanah Africa: Madagascar, Morocco America: Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Mexico, USA. Asia: China, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe:Bulgaria, Spain, Armenia, 165 Solanum gilo(gilo), Solanum indicum, Solanum mauritianum(tree tobacco), Solanum quitoense(Narangillo), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonis, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine, France, Greece, Italy, Rusia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
67. 14.Hemicycliophora arenaria Raski; Criconematidae; sheath nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Citrus limonia (mandarin lime), Citrus aurantiifolia (jeruk nipis, lime), Citrus reticulate (jeruk mandarin, mandarin), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, pumpkin) Apium graveolens (selederi, celery), Citrus limettioides (palestine sweet lime), Citrus macrophylla(alemow), Citrus taiwanica(nanshodaidai), Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Capsicum frustecens (chili), Libocedrus Chilensis(Chilean cedar), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea),Vigna cylindrical (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vitis vinifera akar, bibit, tanah America: Argentina, Brazil, USA. Oceania: Australian 166 (anggur, grapevine)
68. 15.Heterodera avenae Wollenweber; (=Bidera avenae =B.ustinovi =Heterodera major =H. schachtii maior =H.schachtii var. avenae =H. ustinovi); Heteroderidae; oat cyst nematode, cereal cyst nematode, cereal cyst eelworm, oat root eelworm I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Secale cereale (rye), Triticale spp., Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) Poaceae(grasses), Zea mays (jagung, corn) bibit, akar, tanah Africa: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia America: Canada, Peru, USA Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakstan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey Europe: Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,Czech, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
69. 16.Heterodera carotae Jones; Heteroderidae; carrot cyst nematode, carrot cyst eelworm, carrot root eelworm I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (olive) umbi, akar, tanah America: USA Europe:Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, France, Germany, Georgia, Poland, Portugal, Italy, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Latvia, UK, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Switzerland
70. 17.Heterodera cruciferae Franklin; Heteroderidae; crucifer cyst nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. Brassica napus var. napobrassica (swede), Brassica napus var. napus akar, tanah Asia: Pakistan. Europe: All Oceania: Australia 167 II: jika MP diproses (rape), Cruciferae, Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish) Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage)
71. 18.Heterodera goettingiana Liebscher; (= Heterodera göttingiana); Heteroderidae; pea cyst nematode, pea cyst eelworm, pea root eelworm I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Vicia faba(kacang babi, broadbean) Cicer arietinum(kacang arab, chickpea), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Lathyrus cicera (flat-podded vetchling), Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea),Lathyrus sativus (grasspea), Lens esculentum (lentil, lentil), Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris (lentil), Lupinus albus (white lupine), Lupinus luteus (yellow lupin), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Vicia (vetch), Vicia benghalensis (purple vetch), Vicia calcarata, Vicia cracca (Tufted vetch), Vicia ervilia (Bitter vetch) bibit, akar, tanah Africa: Algeria America: USA. Asia: China, Israel, Iran, Jordan, Japan, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, Russia, France, Germany, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Spain, UK
72. 19.Heterodera oryzicola Rao & I: jika MP Oryza sativa (padi, rice, akar, Africa: Ivory Coast 168 Jayaprakash; Heteroderidae; rice cyst nematoda, paddy cyst nematode tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses paddy) Brachiara decumbens(signal grass), Urochloa decumbens (signal grass), Musa paradisiaca(pisang, plantain), Cynodon dactylon(bermuda grass) bonggol, bibit, tanah Asia: India.
73. 20.Heterodera sacchariLuc.& Merny.; Heteroderidae; sugarcane cyst nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Oryza sativa (padi, rice, paddy), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) Axonopus compressus (carpet grass), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Echinochloa colona (junglerice), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Psapalum conjugatum (sour paspalum), Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane), Urochloa brizantha (palisadegrass) akar, tanah Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Congo, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal. Asia: India, Pakistan, Thailand
74. 21.Heterodera schachtii Schmidt; (=Heterobolbus schachtii =Heterodera schachtii minor=Tylenchus schachtii); Heteroderidae; sugarbeet nematode, beet cyst eelworm I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Alliaria petiolata(garlic mustard), Alyssum argentium, Amaranthus spp., Apium dulce, Arabis spp., Armoracia rusticana(horseradish), akar, bibit, batang, umbi, tanah Africa: Algeria, Cape Verde, Gambia, Libya, Morocco, Senegal, South Africa, Tunisia, America: Chile, Canada, Mexico, Peru, USA, Uruguay Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Iraq, 169 Atriplex spp., Aubrieta spp.(rainbow rock-cress), Aubrieta columnae, Alyssum argentium, Beta spp., Brassica spp., Dianthus spp., Gypsophila acutifolia, Gypsophila elegans(baby's breath), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Phytolacca acinosa, Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Polygonum spp., Polygonum convolvulus(black bindweed), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Oryza sativa (padi, rice, paddy), Thlaspi arvense, Raphanus maritimus, Raphanus raphanistrum(wild radish), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Rheum hybridum(rhubarb), Rorippa amphibia(great yellowcress), Rorippa islandica(yellow marshcress), Rumex spp., Saponaria ocymoides(rock soapwort), Saponaria officinalis(soapwort), Sesbania macrocarpa, Sesbania exaltata(coffeebean (USA)), Israel, Jordan, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Hungary, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Moldova Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 170 Silene armeria(garden catchfly), Silene maritima, Silene nutans(nottingham catchfly (UK)), Silene quadrifida, Silene saxifraga, Sinapis arvensis, Sinapis eruca, Sisymbrium austriacum, Sisymbrium spp., Solanum sarrachoides(green nightshade (UK)), Spinacia glabra, Spinacia oleracea(spinach),Tetragoni a tetragonioides(New Zealand spinach), Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress), Tropaeolum perigrinum, Vaccaria hispanica(bladder soapwort), Vicia benghalensis(purple vetch), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Vigna catjang Chenopodium (goosefoot), Stellaria media (common chickweed)
75. 22.Heterodera trifolii Goffart; Heteroderidae; clover cyst nematode, clover cyst eelworm I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Dianthus caryophyllus (anyelir, carnation) Poaceae (grasses), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beet), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium akar, umbi, tanah Africa: Tunisia America: Canada, USA, Argentina, Chile, Colombia Asia: India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, 171 spp. (clovers), Trifolium pratense(purple clover), Trifolium repens(white clover), Leguminosae Denmark, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonis, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
76. 23.Heterodera vigni Edward & Mura; (=Heterodera cajani); Heteroderidae; pigeonpea cyst nematode, cowpea cyst nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Vigna sinensis (kacang panjang, cowpea), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(guar bean), Lablab purpureus(banner bean), Vigna aconitifolia(mat Bean), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Vigna mungo, Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean) Crotalaria juncea(cascavelle), Sesbania cannabina(sesbania) akar, tanah Africa: Egypt. Asia: India, Pakistan
77. 24.Heterodera zeae Koshy, Swarup & Sethi; Heteroderidae; corn/maize cyst nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Zea mays (jagung, corn) Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Oryza sativa (padi, rice, paddy), Setaria akar, bibit, tanah Africa: Egypt America: USA Asia:Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Thailand Europe: Greece, Portugal 172 italyca(foxtail millet), Sorghum Sudanense(Sudan grass), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays subsp. mexicana (teosinte), Poaceae
78. 25.Hirschmanniella miticausa Bridge Mortimer & Jackson; Pratylenchidae; miti miti disease I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Colocasia esculenta (talas, taro) umbi, bibit, akar, tanah Oceania: Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
79. 26.Hirschmanniella spinicaudata (Schuurmans Steekhoven) Luc & Goodey; (=Hirschmannia spinicaudata =Radopholus lavabri =Tylenchorhynchus spinicaudatus); Pratylenchidae; rice root tip nematode, root lesion nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Oryza sativa (padi, rice, paddy), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) Fimbristylis dichotoma(tall fringe rush), Cyperaceae (sedges), Oryza longistaminata (perennial wild rice), Poaceae (grasses), Juncus(rushes), Typha(reedmace) umbi, bibit, planlet, akar, tanah Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Togo, Zambia America: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, USA, Venezuela Asia: China, Pakistan
80. 27.Hoplolaimus columbus Sher.; (=Hoplolaimus colombuson =Basirolaimus colombus); Hoplolaimidae; Coltuber/Columbia lance nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Cyperus esculentus(yellow nutsedge), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor akar, tanah. Africa: Egypt America: USA, Trinidad and Tobago. Asia: India, Pakistan 173 (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn)
81. 28.Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekh; Hoplolaimidae: lance nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon) Arachis hypogea (kacang tanah, peanut), Brassica oleraceae var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Bambusa (bambu, bamboo), Borrichia frutescens (sea- oxeye), Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, navel orange), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass), Poaceae (grasses), Musa (pisang, banana), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Sansevieria trifasciata (snake plant), Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalograss), Trifolium spp. (clovers), Zea mays (jagung, corn) akar, tanah America: USA, Canada Asia: Pakistan
82. 29.Hoplolaimus indicus Sher.; (=Basirolaimus arachidis =Basirolaimus indicus =Hoplolaimus arachidis); Hoplolaimidae; lance I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Oryza sativa (padi, rice, paddy) Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Arachys hypogaea (kacang akar, umbi, tanah Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Pakistan. 174 nematode tanah, peanut), Basella spp., Brassica oleracea botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, chrysant ), Citrus jambhiri(rough lemon), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(guar bean), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Capsicum annuum (cabai rawit, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Eleusine coracana(finger millet), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Sweet potato), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Pennisetum glaucum(pearl millet), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Vigna mungo(black gram), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), 175 Poncirus trifoliata(hardy orange), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium spp., (guava)Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Trifolium alexandrinum(egyptian clover), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Senna siamea(siamese cassia), Pinus roxburghii, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane)
83. 30.Hoplolaimus pararobustus (Schuurmans stekhoven & Teunissen) Sher. In Coomans; (=Gottholdsteineria pararobusta =Hoplolaimus angustulatus =H.capensis =H.casparus =H. kittenbergeri =H.pararobustus =Rotylenchus pararobustus =Tylenchorhynchus pararobustus); Hoplolaimidae; I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Musa spp. (pisang, banana) Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Gossypium hirsutum, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Carica akar, bonggol, tanah. Africa: Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Asia: China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka 176 lance nematode papaya (pepaya, papaya, pawpaw), Oryza sativa (padi, rice, paddy), Dioscorea spp., Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Citrus, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Eleusine coracana, kakao, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose)
84. 31.Longidorus attenuatus Hooper; Longidoridae; needle nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Brassica sp. (kubis, cabbage), Trifolium sp. (cengkeh, clover), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Fragaria vesca (stroberi, wildstrawberry), Beta vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beetroot), Triticum sp. (gandum, wheat), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Cucurbita sp. (labu, pumpkin), Vitis sp. (anggur, grape) akar, umbi, stolon, tanah sebagai vektor:Tomat o black ring virus Africa: Nigeria Europe:Russia, Bulgaria, France, Italy, Germany, Poland, Spain, UK
85. 32.Longidorus caespiticola Hooper; Longidoridae; needle nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. Fragaria vesca (stroberi, wildstrawberry), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) akar, stolon, tanah Europe: Western Europe 177 II: jika MP diproses sebagai vektor:Raspb erry ringspot virus, Cherry leaf roll virus
86. 33.Longidorus elongatus (de Man) Thorne & Swanger; (=Dorylaimus elongatus =Dorylaimus tenuis =Longidorus menthasolanus =Longidorus monohystera =Trichodorus elongatus); Longidoridae; needle nematode, tomato black ring eelworm I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Fragaria vesca (stroberi, wildstrawberry), Lolium perenne(perennial ryegrass), Mentha piperita (peppermint) Allium spp., Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Brassica oleracea var. Gemmifera(Brussels sprouts), Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Ficus carica(fig), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Ribes nigrum(blackcurrant), Ribes rubrum(red currant), Trifolium pratense(purple clover), Urtica akar, stolon, umbi, polong, tanah sebagai vektor: Raspberry ringspot virus, Tomato black ring virus Africa: South Africa America: Canada, USA Asia: Georgia, India, Kazakhtan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam Europe:Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania:New Zealand. 178 dioica(stinging nettle), Vitis vinifera(anggur, grapevine), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Brassica rapa subspec. rapa (turnip, turnip), Polygonum convolvulus(black bindweed), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Ranunculus acris, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus idaeus(raspberry), Capsella burs-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass), Lolium multiforum (Italian ryegrass), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass), Stellaria media(common chickweed)
87. 34.Longidorus leptocephalus Hooper; Longidoridae; needle nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Cerealia, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), grass, Tagetes spp. (marigold), Rosa sp. (mawar, rose), Beta vulgaris (bit gula, sugarbeet), Tulipa sp. (Tulip), Brassica rapa (turnip), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Prunus avium (ceri, cherry), Prunus akar, umbi, tanah sebagai vektor: Raspberry ringspot virus, Cherry leaf roll virus Europe:Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Netherlands, UK, Slovenia, Slovakia, Scotland, England, Russia, Poland 179 domestica (prem, plum)
88. 35.Longidorus macrosomaHooper; Longidoridae; needle nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Fragaria vesca (stroberi, wildstrawberry), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Prunus avium (ceri, cherry) akar, stolon, tanah sebagai vektor: Rasberry ringspot virus Europe: all
89. 36.Meloidogyne acronea Coetzee; (=Hypsoperine (Hypsoperine) acronea =Hypsoperine acronea); Meloidogynidae; African cotton root nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Gossypium hirsutum (Bourbon cotton) Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Cassia spp., Chloris gayana(rhodes grass), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(guar), Croton tiglium(purging croton), Eleusine coracana(finger millet), Eragrostis spp.(lovegrasses), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hibiscus sabdariffa(jamaica sorrel), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Pennisetum glaucum(pearl millet), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) akar, polong, umbi, bibit, tanah Africa: Malawi, South Africa. 180
90. 37.Meloidogyne brevicauda Loos; Meloidogynidae; Indian rootknot nematode, tea rootknot nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Crocus sativus(kuma-kuma, safron, saffron) akar, umbi, planlet, bibit, tanah Asia: Azerbaijan, India, Srilanka.
91. 38.Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden O’ Bannon, Santo & Finley; Meloidogynidae; Columbia root-knot nematode II Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucene), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Scorzonera hispanica(oyster plant), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (bit gula, sugarbeet), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Poaceae, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) akar, umbi, bibit, tanah Africa: South Africa America: Argentina, Mexico, USA. Asia: Turkey Europe: Belgium, Germany, Netherland, France, Italy, Portugal
92. 39.Meloidogyne coffeicola Lordello & Zamith; Meloidogynidae; coffeerootknot nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) Eupatorium (Asteraceae) akar, tanah America: Brazil 181
93. 40.Meloidogyne decalineata Whitehead; Meloidogynidae; African coffee rootknot nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) akar, tanah Africa: Tanzania, Sao Tome & Principe.
94. 41.Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi; (=Heterodera exigua); Meloidogynidae; coffee rootknot nematode, Brazilian pyroid coffee nematode, root- knot nematode II Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Bidens pilosa(blackjack), Citrus aurantium (jeruk nipis, lime), Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell- pepper), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cyphomandra betacea(tree tomato), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Pilea spp., Poncirus trifoliata(trifoliate orange), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum nigrum(black nightshade), Stachys arvensis(staggerweed), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Ipomoea acuminata. umbi, bonggol, akar, tanah America: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Honduras, Martini, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela. 182
95. 42.Meloidogyne fallaxKarssen; (=Meloidogyne chitwoodi (Baexem) B Type (van Maggelen et al 1994); Meloidogynidae; false Colombia root-knot nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Daucus carota subsp. sativus (wortel, carrot), Scorzonera hispanica (oyster plant), Solanum tuberosum(Kentang, potato) Arachis hypogea (peanut) Asparagus officinalis (asparagus), Beta vulgaris(beetroot), Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (bit gula, beet, sugarbeet), Chenopodium album (lambsquarters), Cynara scolynus, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (globeartichoke), Dahlia spp. (dahlia), Fragaria sp., Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Hemerocallis sp. (daylily), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce),Lamprocapnos spectabilis (bleeding heart), Lolium sp., Lolium perenne subsp. multiforum (ryegrass, Italian ryegrass), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Oenothera biennis, O. glazioviana (primrose), Phacelia tenacetifolia (lacy phacelia), Sinapsis alba (mustard), Solanum bibit, akar, tanah America: USA Eropa: Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 183 lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Triticum sp., T. aestivum, T. durum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn),
96. 43.Meloidogyne minor Karssen et al.; Meloidogynidae I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Agrostis stolonifer (creeping bentgrass) akar, umbi, tanah America: USA Europe: Belgium, Ireland, Netherlands, UK
97. 44.Meloidogyne naasi Franklinl; Meloidogynidae; rootknot nematode II Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Trifolium repens(white clover), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Beta vulgaris var. sacchraifera (bit gula, sugar beetroot), cerealea, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean) Turfgrasses akar, umbi, tanah America: USA Europe: France, Hungary, UK
98. 45.Meloidogyne oteifae Elm iligy; Meloidogynidae; rootknot nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Peuraria spp. akar, tanah Africa: Angola, DR Congo
99. 46.Nacobbus aberrans (Thome) Thorne & Allen; (=Nacobbus batatiformis =N.serendipiticus bolivianus =Pratylenchus aberrans =Nacobbus serendipiticus =Anguillulina I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Beta vulgaris var. sacchraifera (bit gula, sugar beetroot), umbi, akar, bibit, tanah Africa: Egypt America: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, USA Europe: Italy, Netherlands, Russia, UK 184 aberrans); Pratylenchidae; false rootknot nematode, potato rosery nematode Brassica napus var. napobrassica (swede), Brassica nigra (black mustard), Brassica oleracea (kubis, bunga kol, cabbages, cauliflowers), Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes (kohlrabi), Brassica oleracea var. italica (brokoli, broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. viridis (collards), Brassica rapa subsp. Pekinensis (petsai), Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, spinach), Atriplex confertifolia(shadscale saltbush), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Chenopodium album(fat hen), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima(giant pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (labu kuning, zucchini), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Gaillardia spp., 185 Kochia spp., Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Opuntia spp.(pricklypear), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Sisymbrium irio(london rocket), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Spergula arvensis(corn spurry), Spinacia oleracea(spinach), Tribulus terrestris(puncture vine), Tragopogon porrifolius(oysterplant), Solanum nigrum(black nightshade), Ullucus tuberosus(ulluco)
100. 47.Paratrichodorus porosus(Allen) Siddiqi; (=Trichodorus porosus=T. Bucrius =Paratrichodorus (Atlantadorus) porosus=Atlantadorus porosus); Trichodoridae I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (kubis, Chinese cabbage), Camellia, Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Citrus jambhiri (rough lemon), Citrus limon (jeruk lemon, lemon), Citrus reticulata (jeruk mandarin, mandarin), Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Dioscorea (yam), Dioscorea batatas (Chinese yam), Juglans bibit, umbi, bonggol, akar, tanah sebagai vektor: Tobravirus Africa: South Africa America: USA, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Srilanka, Uzbekistan, Vietnam Europe: Italy,Portugal, Russia Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea 186 regia (walnut), Lycopersicon peruvianum, Musa (pisang, banana), Musa x paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus persica (peach), Pyrus communis (European pear), Rubus loganobaccus (loganberry), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Tagetes patula (French marigold), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn) Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, okra), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Bambusa vulgaris (bambu, common bamboo), Cucurbita maxima (giant pumpkin), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tree), Ficus carica (fig), Gardenia, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Lagerstroemia indica (indian crape myrtle), Lupinus (lupins), Malus domestica 187 (apel, apple), Morus alba (mora), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (zaitun, olive), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Poncirus trifoliata (Trifoliate orange), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Rhododendron (Azalea), Rosa (mawar, roses), Acer palmatum (Japanese maple), Aphananthe aspera (muku), Aucuba japonica (Japanese aucuba), Bambusa tuldoides (punting-pole bamboo), Butia(jelly palm), Callicarpa japonica(Japanese callicarpa), Carpinus tschonoskii, Castanea crenata (Japanese chestnut), Castanopsis cuspidata (chinkapin), Casuarina (beefwood), Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina), Celtis sinensis (Chinese elm), Cercidiphyllum japonicum (katsura), Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel), 188 Cleyera japonica, Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar), Daphniphyllum macropodum, Fatsia japonica (Japanese aralia), Ginkgo biloba (kew tree), Idesia polycarpa (idesia), Ilex crenata (Japanese holly), Ilex integra (mochi), Ilex rotunda (kurogane holly), Juniperus (junipers), Magnolia hypoleuca (japanese big-leaved magnolia), Musa acuminata (wild banana), Neolitsea sericea, Pinopsida (conifers), Pinus densiflora (Japanese umbrella pine), Pinus pseudostrobus var. pseudostrobus, Pinus thunbergii (Japanese black pine), Pittosporum tobira (Japanese pittosporum), Pyrus amygdaliformis, Quercus acutissima (sawtooth oak), Quercus glandulifera (Glandbearing oak), Quercus salicina, Rhododendron indicum (Satsuki azalea), Taxus cuspidata (Japanese yew), 189 Ternstroemia gymnanthera, Viburnum odoratissimum
101. 48.Pratylenchus goodeyi Sher & Allen; (=Anguillulina musicola =Tylenchus musicola); Pratylenchidae; banana lesion nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Musa xparadisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain) Zea mays (jagung, corn), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), Commelina benghalensis(wandering jew), Sesbania grandiflora (turi, agati), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) umbi, bonggol, bibit, akar, tanah Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Canary Island, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda. Europe: Greece, Portugal, Spain Oceania: Australia
102. 49.Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch)Fili&Schuur.Steekh.; Pratylenchidae; California root lesion nematode, California meadow nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Agropyron cristatum(crested wheatgrass), Brassica oleracea var.capitata (kubis, cabbage), Fragaria (stroberi, strawberry), Malus domestica(apel, apple), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Pistacia vera (pistachio) akar, stolon, umbi, tanah Africa: Morocco, South Africa America: Canada, Mexico, USA Asia: Japan, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Croatia, Estonia, Italy, Poland, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Spain Oceania: Australia
103. 50.Pratylenchus scribneri I: jika MP Gossypium barbadens akar, umbi, Africa: Cameroon 190 Steiner;Pratylenchidae; lesion nematode tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses (kapas, cotton), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mentha spicata(Spear mint), Parthenium argentatum(Guayule), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum halepense(Johnson grass), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Fragaria vesca (stroberi, strawberry), Hippeastrum spp. (amarilis, amaryllis). stolon, tanah America:South America, USA, Mexico. Asia: Pakistan, Japan, India, Israel, Turkey Europe: Bulgaria, Sweden, Italy
104. 51.Pratylenchus thornei Sher. & Allen; Pratylenchidae; Thorne's root lesion nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Cicer arietinum(chickpea), Pinus merkusii (tusam, pinetree), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Quercus spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Fabaceae, Agrostis spp.(bentgrasses), Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), Cupressus spp.(cypresses), Cynara scolymus akar, umbi, polong, stolon, bibit, batang, tanah Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia America:Canada, Argentina, Mexico, USA, Chile, Venezuela Asia: Afghanistan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Russia, Spain, UK Oceania: Australia. 191 (artichoke), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria vesca (stroberi, strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Iberis spp.(candytuft), Juglans regia (walnut), Lens esculenta (lentil), Lathyrus odoratus(sweet pea), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Mentha piperita(Peppermint), Mentha spicata(Spear mint), Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus spp.(stone fruit), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Trifolium spp., Vicia faba(faba bean), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Brassica oleracea (cabbages, cauliflowers)
105. 52.Pratylenchus vulnus (Allen & I: jika MP Actinidia arguta (tara vine), akar, stolon, Africa: Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, 192 Jensen); Pratylenchidae; walnut root lesion nematode; root lesion nematode; meadow nematode tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, kiwifruit), Araucaria araucana (monkey puzzle), Bambusa sp. (bambu, bamboo), Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Buxus sempervirens (common boxwood), Carya illinoinensis (pecan), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Corylus avellana (hazel), Crotalaria juncea (sunn hemp), Crotalaria spectabilis (Showy rattlepod), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Cytisus scoparius (broom), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Ficus carica (ara), Forsythia intermedia (Golden bells), Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, Bourbon cotton), Hamamelis (witchhazel), bibit, umbi, tanah, batang, kulit kayu Rѐunion America: Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Canada, USA, Uruguay Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Philippines, South Korea, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, uzbekistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Spain, UK, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 193 Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam), Juglans hindsii (californian black walnut), Juglans major (arizona walnut), Juglans microcarpa (River walnut tree), Juglans nigra (black walnut), Juglans regia (walnut), Juniperus chinensis (Chinese juniper), Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea), Ligustrum ovalifolium (california privet), Lilium longiflorum (Easter lily), Lilium speciosum (Showy lily), Lotus corniculatus (bird's-foot trefoil), Mahonia (holly grape), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Melilotus alba (honey clover), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (zaitun, olive), Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pistacia vera 194 (pistachio), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus amygdalus, Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus besseyi (bessey cherry), Prunus cerasifera (myrobalan plum), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pterocarya stenoptera (chinese wing nut), Pyrus communis (European pear), Rosa (roses), Rosa canina (Dog rose), Rosa chinensis (China rose), Rosa multiflora (Multiflora rose), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Taxus baccata (English yew), Vicia benghalensis (purple vetch), Vicia faba (kacang babi, broad bean), Vigna catjang, Vitis rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn)
106. 53.Punctodera punctata (Thorne) I: jika MP Agrostis stolonifera var. akar, bibit, Africa: Morocco 195 Mulvey & Stone; (=Heterodera punctata); Heteroderidae; grass cyst nematode, grass cyst eelworm tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Palustris(bent grass), Agrostis stolonifera(creeping bentgrass), Agrostis capillaris(brown bentgrass), Festuca rubra(red fescue), Lolium perenne(perennial ryegrass), Poa annua(annual meadowgrass), Poa pratensis(smooth-stalked meadowgrass), Turfgrasses Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) tanah America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA. Asia: Israel, Japan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Croatia,Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
107. 54.Radopholus citrophilus Huettel, et al.; (=Radopholus similis citrus race); Pratylenchidae; burrowing nematode, spreading decline of citrus I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) biji, tanah America: USA
108. 55.Scutellonema bradys (Steiner & Le Hew) Andrassy; (=Anguillulina bradys =Hoplolaimus bradys =Rotylenchus blaberus =R.bradys =Scutellonema blaberum =S.dioscorea); Hoplolaimidae; yam dry rot nematode, yam nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Dioscorea spp. (yam), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Quercus spp. Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Cocos umbi, bibit, akar, tanah Africa:Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Togo America: Barbados, Brazil, Costari Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela Asia: India, Pakistan 196 nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Celosia argentea(celosia argentea), Corchorus olitorius(jute), Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Hibiscus sabdariffa(jamaica sorrel), Luffa acutangula (gambas, angled loofa), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Pachyrhizus erosus (bangkuang, yam-bean), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Pueraria phaseoloides(tropical kudzu), Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Urena lobata(caesar weed), Synedrella nodiflora(synedrella)
109. 56.Trichodorus similisSeinhorst; Trichodoridae; stubby root nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (bit gula, sugarbeetroot), Dioscorea batatas (Chinese yam), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) akar, umbi, tanah sebagai vektor: Tobacco rattle virus America: USA. Asia: Turkey Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sweden, UK
110. 57.Trichodorus viruliferus Hooper; Trichodoridae; stubby root nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (bit gula, sugarbeetroot), Hordeum akar, umbi, tanah America: USA Europe:Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, 197 II: jika MP diproses vulgare (barli, barley), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Secale cereale (rye), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn) sebagai vektor:Pea early browning virus, Tobacco rattle virus Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
111. 58.Tylenchorhynchus claytoni Steiner; (=Tesselus claytoni) Dolichodoridae; stunt nematode; tobacco stunt nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Arachniodes adiantiformis (Leatherleaf fern), Avena sativa (oats), Azaleas, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium sp. (kapas, cotton), Lolium (ryegrasses), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Nandina, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (zaitun, olive), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Peony, Photinia glabra, Pinus resinosa (red pine), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Poaceae (grasses), Prunus persica (peach), Rhododendron (Azalea), Rhododendron indicum (Satsuki azalea), akar, bibit, umbi, polong, tanah Africa: South Africa America: Honduras, Canada, USA, Asia: Bangladesh, China, Japan, India, Turkey, Korea Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland, UK, Poland Oceania: Australia 198 Rhododendron japonicum (Japanese azalea), Rhododendron obtusum (Kirishima azalea), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Secale cereale (rye), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn) Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut), Aucuba japonica (Japanese aucuba), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus limon (lemon, lemon), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Litchi chinensis (leci, lichi), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Picea abies (common spruce), Pinus echinata (shortleaf pine), Pinus elliottii (slash pine), Pinus palustris (longleaf pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Rubus fruticosus 199 (blackberry), Solanum melongena (terong, eggplant), Vaccinium myrtillus (blueberry), Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (bent grass), Arctium lappa (burdock), Bouteloua curtipendula (Side-oats grama), Bouteloua gracilis (blue grama), Camellia japonica (camellia), Chamaecyparis pisifera (sawara false cypress), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Echinochloa colona (junglerice), Enkianthus perulatus (white enkianthus), Erica (heaths), Festuca (fescues), Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue), Osmanthus fragrans, Pieris japonica (Lily-of-the-valley shrub), Poa pratensis (smooth-stalked meadowgrass)
112. 59.Xiphinema americanum Cobb.; (=Tylencholaimus americanus =Xiphinema taylori =Xiphinema californicum); Xiphinematidae; American dagger nematode, tobacco ring I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Rubus idaeus(raspberry), Vaccinium spp.(blueberries), akar, bibit, stolon, umbi, tanah. sebagai vektor:Tobacc Africa: Nigeria, Senegal America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuella, Argentina, Asia: China, India, Japan, 200 spot nematode Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, navel orange), Ficus carica (ara), Fragaria vesca (stroberi, strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Juglans regia (walnut), Dimocarpus litchii (leci, lychee), Linum usitatissimum(flax), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Prunus spp. (stone fruit), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Rubus spp.(blackberry, raspberry), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Vaccinium spp.(blueberries), o ring spot virus, Tomato ring spot virus, Peach yellow bud virus, Cherry rasp leaf virus Kazakhtan, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan Europe: Hungary, Poland, Russia, Spain, UK Oceania: Australia. 201 Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Coffea canephora (kopi robusta, robusta coffee), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium hirsutum (bourbon cotton), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Pistacia vera (pistachio), Polyphagous, Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Zea mays (jagung, corn) Mentha spp. (mints), Pinus spp. (pines), Achras (= 202 Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Onobrychis viciifolia(sainfoin), Petunia hybrida, Picea spp., Plantago spp. (plantain), Poncirus trifoliata(Trifoliate orange), Potentilla spp.(Cinquefoil), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Shorea robusta(sal), Tectona grandis (jati, teakwood), Trifolium spp. (clovers), Zoysia japonica(zoysiagrass), Agropyron spp., Codiaeum variegatum(croton), Callicarpa americana(American beautyberry), Nerium oleander(oleander), Acer platanoides(Norway maple), Agropyron cristatum(crested wheatgrass), Agropyron desertorum(crested wheatgrass (USA)), Anethum graveolens(dill), Bambusa (bamboo), Bambusa tuldoides(punting-pole bamboo), Callicarpa americana (American beautyberry), Cichorium intybus (chicory), Codiaeum 203 variegatum (croton), Cydonia oblonga(quince), Manilkara zapota (sapodilla), Nerium oleander(oleander), Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin), Petunia hybrida, Picea glauca(white spruce), Picea pungens(blue spruce), Plantago (Plantain), Poncirus trifoliate(Trifoliate orange), Potentilla(Cinquefoil), Rosa (mawar, roses), Shorea robusta (sal), Tectona grandis (teak), Trifolium (clovers), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Trifolium repens (white clover), Zoysia japonica (zoysiagrass)
113. 60.Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micoletzky) Thorne; (=Dorylaimus (Longidorus) diversicaudatus =D.elongatus =Longidorus diversicaudatus =Xiphinema (Diversiphinema) diversicaudatum =X.amarantum =X.basiri =X.israeliae =X. paraelongatum =X.sahelense =X.seredouense); Xiphinematidae; dagger I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Prunus spp., Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus fruticosa(blackberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore), Allium porrum (bawang daun, leek), akar, umbi, stolon, bibit, tanah sebagai vektor:Arabic mosaic virus Strawberry latent ringspot virus Africa: Algeria, South Africa America: USA Asia: Turkey Australia: New Zealand Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, 204 nematode Brassica olercea (kubis, bunga kol, cabbage, cauliflower), Chamaecyparislawsoniana (Port Orford cedar), Chamomilla suaveolens (Rounded chamomile), Chrysanthemum coronarium (garland chrysanthemum), Crataegus laevigata, Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fagus sylvatica (common beech), Fraxinus excelsior (ash), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Mentha arvenis (corn mint), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Pyrus communis (European pear), Sambucus nigra (elder), Senecio vulgaris, Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Tussilago farfara (Colt's-foot), Veronica(Speedwell) Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK 205
114. 61.Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen;(=Diversiphinema index); Xiphinematidae; dagger nematode, fan-leaf virus nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Ficus carica (ara, fig),Muscadiniarotundifolia( monkhood-vine), Vitis spp. Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Ampelopsis aconitifolia(monkhood-vine), Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Citrus aurantium (jeruk nipis, ime), Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Juglans regia (walnut), Jasminum officinale, Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Morus alba(mora), Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitun, olive), Opuntia sp.(pricklypear), Parthenicissus tricuspidata, Petunia hybrida, Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pistacia mutica, Pistacia vera(pistachio), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus spp., akar, umbi, bibit, tanah sebagai vektor: Grapevine fanleaf virus Africa: Algeria, South Africa, Tunisia America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, USA Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 206 Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Betula (birches), Chenopodium giganteum (large lambsquarters), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Cupressus pyramidalis, Fagus silvaticus, Gomphrena globosa (Globe amaranth), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine), Pinus sp. (pine), Populus sp. (poplar), Quercus lucombeana, Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Thuja, Urtica urens (annual nettle), Vitis rupestris (sand-grape)
115. 62.Xiphinema italiae Meyl.; Xiphinematidae; dagger nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Citrus spp., Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitun, olive) akar, tanah sebagai vektor:Grape vine fanleaf virus Africa: Egypt, Cameroon, Libya, Nigeria, South Africa, Tunisia. Europe: Greece, Italy, Spain V. GULMA (WEEDS) No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ GOLONGAN/ GROUP MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAY DAERAH ASAL/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 207 SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME
116. 1.Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.; (Elymus repens = Elytrigia repens =Triticum repens); Poaceae; quack grass, couch grass, quick grass, rope twich, scotch quelch, dog grass, twich grass, wikens, wicks II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Beta vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beet), Brassica spp., Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Linum usitatissimum, Medicago sativa, Pastures, Phaseolus spp., Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea),Poaceae(grasses), Secale cereale (rye), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium (clover),Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Africa: Egypt, Nigeria America: Argentina, Canada, Ecuador, USA Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Bangladesh, Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
117. 2.Alectra fulminensis (Vell.) Stearn; Scrophulariaceae: sugarcane weed II Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) America: Venezuela
118. 3.Alectra orobanchoides (Benth); (= A. kirkii Benth. Kick); Schropulariaceae; tobacco witch weed II Leguminoceae (kacang-kacangan) Africa: Kenya
119. 4.Alectra sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze; Schropulariaceae; tobacco witch weed, yellow witch weed II Leguminoceae (kacang-kacangan) Africa: all Asia: India, Myanmar, China, Philippines 208
120. 5.Alectra vogelli (Benth); Schropulariaceae; cowpeawitch weed II Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea) Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah,groundnut,peanut), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Mucuna pruriens (Buffalobean), Phaseolus acutifolius (tepary bean), Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Voandzeia subterranea (bambara groundnut) Africa: South Africa, Central Africa, Mali, Kenya Europe: Switzerland
121. 6.Alopecurus myosuroides Hudson (=A. agrestis L); Poaceae; blackgrass, slender meadow foxtail, twitch grass, black twitch II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Brassica napus var. napus, Secale cereale (rye) Beta vulgaris (bit gula, beetroot), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Malus spp., Prunus (stone fruits), Pyrus communis (pir, pear) Africa: Northern Africa America: Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Mexico, Peru, USA, Uruguay Asia: Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordania, Lebanon, Pakistan,Turkey Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark, France, Corsica, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Netherland, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
122. 7.Asphodelus fistulosus (L.); (=Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav.) Asphodelaceae; onion weed, II Cicer arietinum, Linum usitatissimum,Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Pisum sativum Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Mauritius, Morocco, Sudan America: Bolivia, Mexico, Peru, USA 209 asphodelus,wild onion, onion- leafed, pink asphodel, asphodel (kapri, sweet pea), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) Beta vulgaris (bit gula, beetroot), Brassica juncea var. juncea (Indian mustard), Citrus, Gossypium hirsutum (bourbon cotton), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date-palm), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Zea mays(jagung,corn,maize) Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Malaysia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Yemen Europe: Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Balearic Islands Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
123. 8.Buchnera hispida (Bunch.- Ham. ex D. Don); (=Buchnera longifolia Klotzsch. =B. browniana Schinz. =B. macrocarpa Hochst.) Orobanchaceae; karanji, marathi II Sorghum bicolor (cantel, sorghum), Setaria italic (jewawut, millet) Africa: Southeast Africa Asia: India, Madagascar
124. 9.Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.;(=Cirsium incanum = C. lanatum =C. setosum =C. arvensis); Asteraceae; california thistle, canada thistle, creeping thistle, field thistle II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Aeschynomene falcata, Avena sativa (oat, oats), Bromus, Brassica napus var. napus,Carthamus tinctorius, Coronilla varia, Dactylis glomerata, Fagopyron esculentum,Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Linum usitatissimum, Lotus corniculatus, Pinus merkusii (tusam, pinetree), Medicago sativa, Onobrychis viciifolia, Panicum miliaceum, Africa: Angola, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tunisia, Zimbabwe America: North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory, Mexico, USA, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 210 Phleum, Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Poa, Polyphagous, Secale cereale (rye), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Trifolium, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Allium porrum (bawangdaun,leek), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Brassica juncea var. juncea (Indian mustard), Brassica nigra (black mustard), Brassica oleracea (kubis (cabbages),bunga kol(cauliflowers), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol,cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. italica (brokoli,broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. viridis (collards), Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (turnip), Capsicum annuum (paprika,bell- pepper,red pepper), Chamomilla recutita (common chamomile), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (waluh,labuparang, pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (labukuning,zucchini), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming), South America (Chile), Brazil Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan Europe:Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Ireland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 211 ananassa (strawberry), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel,apple), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau,tobacco), Petroselinum crispum (peterseli,parsley), Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Piper nigrum (lada, pepper), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Solanum melongena (terong, eggplant,aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
125. 10.Cuscutaepilinum(Weike);Convo lvulaceae; flax dodder II Flax, Linseed Africa:Ethiopia,Egypt,Morocco,Sout hAfrica America: Canada,USA Asia: Cyprus Europe:all
126. 11.Cuscutaepithymum(L .) Murr.(=C.trifoli); Convolvulaceae; alfalfa dodder II Herbaceous,Legume Africa:South Africa America: NorthAmerica,Argentina,Bolivia,Bra zil,Colombia, Chile,Venezuela,DominicanRepublic ,Ecuador,Paraguay, Peru,Uruguay,FrenchGuiana Asia: Japan,WestAsia 212 Europe:all Oceania:Australia
127. 12.Cuscutagronovii(Willd.);Co nvolvulaceae;swamp dodder II Herbaceous,Solanumtuberosum(kentang, potato),Pipernigrum(lada,pepper), Apium graveolens(seledri,celery) America: NorthAmerica Europe:all
128. 13.Cuscutaindecora(Choisy.);Co nvolvulaceae;thin-vine dodder II Leguminoceae Africa:Morocco America: NorthdanArgentina,Bolivia,Brazil,Co lombia,Chile, Venezuela,DominicanRepublic,Ecua dor,Paraguay,Peru, Uruguay,FrenchGuiana Europe: Greece
129. 14.Cuscutajaponica(Choisy);Conv olvulaceae; dodder seed II Solanumtuberosum(kentang,potato),Sola num melongena (terong, eggplant,aubergine), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato) Asia: Japan
130. 15.3 0 . Cuscutamonogyna(Vahl.);Conv olvulaceae; eastern dodder II Leguminoceae,Citrus spp. (jeruk,orange),Tamarix,Salix Asia: CentralEast,Afghanistan Europe:France,SouthEurope Oceania:Mediteranean
131. 16.Cuscutapedicellata(Ledeb); Convolvulaceae II Leguminoceae Asia: CentralAsia,CentralEast Asia Oceania:EasternMediteranean
132. 17.Cuscutaplaniflora(Ten.);(=C.Ap proximate); Convolvulaceae; espaguete II Leguminoceae America:NorthAmerica Asia:CentralAsia Oceania:Mediteranean
133. 18.Digitaria scalarum(Schweinf.) Chiov.; (=Digitaria abyssinica =D. abyssinicavar. scalarum =D. eichingeri =D. hackelii =D. merkeri =D. mutica =D. scalarum =D. somaliensis =D. II Agave part oflana, Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) Africa: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Malawi, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Madagascar, Zambia, Zimbabwe 213 tangaensis =D. vestita =Panicum abyssinicum =P. hackelii =P. kafuroense =P. muticum =P. scalarum); Poaceae; cough grass Acacia (wattles), Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Musa sp. (pisang, banana), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Pyrethrum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) Asia: Saudi Arabia, India, Sri Lanka
134. 19.Emex australis (Steinh.);Polygonaceae;Spiny Emex, doublegee, three- cornered jack II Avena sativa (oat, oats), Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Lupinus spp., Medicago sativa (lucerne), Medicago spp., Pisum sativum (kapri,sweetpea), Secale cereale (rye), Triticale, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Brassica oleracea (kubis (cabbages), bunga kol (cauliflowers), Citrus, Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium (cotton), Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Prunus (stone fruit), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant,aubergine), Solanum tuberosum Africa: Bostwana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, Ascension, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: North America (USA, California, Hawaii), Central America & Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago) Asia: Taiwan, India, Pakistan Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 214 (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Trifolium spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn,maize)
135. 20.3 . Melampyrum arvense (L.); Orobanchaceae; field cow- wheat, purple cow-wheat, horse flower II Cereal, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley) Asia: West Asia Europe: West Europe, France, Belgium, Germany, Netherland
136. 21.3 . Odontites verna (Bell) Dum; (= Bastsia odontites = O. serotinus = O. rubra gilib); Orobanchaceae; red bartsia, Eyebright, red rattle, Perlina di Primavera II Poaceae(grasses), Lucerne, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) America: North America Asia: Turkey Europe: Southeast Europe, Germany
137. 22.3 9 . Orobanche cernua (Loefl.);(= O. cernua, O. bicolor, O. curviflora, O. hispanica, O. gallica, O. pogonanthera, O. nicotiana, O. glaucantha, O. cumana); Orobanchaceae II Tanaman Compositae, Solanaceae Africa: Tanzania, Uganda, Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia Asia: India, Afghanistan, China, Bahrain, Geogia, Irak, Israel, Jordania, Kuwait, Kazaktans, Lebanon, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen Europe:Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, France, Greece, Hongary, Italy, Rumania, Rusia, Spain, UK Oceania: Australia
138. 23.4 . Orobanche foetida (Poir.), Orobanchaceae; Broomrapes II Legumimosae/ Fabaceae Africa: Morocco, Tunisia, Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands Europe: Spain
139. 24.4 . Orobanche gracilis (SM.); Orobanchaceae; Broomrapes II Legumimosae/ Fabaceae Africa: Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania Europe: Sout East Europe 215
140. 25.3 7 . Orobanche ramosa (L.); (= O. Interrupta, O. Micrantha, Kopsia interrupta, O. cannabis, Philipaea ramosa, Phelipanche ramosa, Kopsia ramosa); Orobanchaceae; Broomrapes II Brassica spp., Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum melongena (terong, eggplant, aubergine) Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Cannabis sativa (hemp), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell pepper, red pepper), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Cucumis melo (melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita (pumpkin), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium spp., Vicia faba (broad bean) Africa: North Africa, South Africa America: USA, Central America (Cuba), South America, Chile Asia: Armenia, Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Irak, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Nepal, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Qatar, Syria, Turkey, Yemen Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Slovakia, France, Corsica, Germany, Greece, Hongary, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Netherland, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Rusia, Spain, UK, Switzerland Oceania: Australia
141. 26.Partheniumhysterophorus L.; (= rgyrochaeta bipinnatifida Cav. = Villanova binnatifida Ortega) Asteraceae;parthenium weeds, congress grass, whiteheads, barley flower II Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, lady’sfinger), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Anacardium occidentale (cashew nut), Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah,groundnut, peanut), Carica papaya (pepaya,papaw, papaya), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Citrus, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Coffea (kopi, Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, Cornoros, Seychelles, South Africa, Somalia, Mayotte, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Bermuda, North America (Mexico, USA)Tropical America, 216 coffee), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Eragrostis tef (teff), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat,tomato), Mangifera indica (mangga,mango), Musa (pisang,banana), Pastures, Phaseolus (beans), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays (Jagung, corn, maize), Radish Caribean Island, Central America (Barbados, Belize, Bahama, Cuba, Dominican Republik, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Poerto Rico, Costa Rica), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Suriname, Venezuela, Uruguay) Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Taiwan,India, Israel, Jepang, Vietnam, Nepal, Pakistan Europe: Belgium Oceania: Eastern Queensland, Australia, Frenche Polinesia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu
142. 27.Praxelis clematidea R.M. King & H. Robinson; (=Eupatorium catarium Veldk.); Asteraceae II Pasture, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Guyana Asia: Hongkong, China Oceania: Australia
143. 28.4 6 . Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst)Benth; (= R. Longiflora); Schropulariaceae II Oryza sativa (padi, rice, paddy), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Rumput- rumputan Africa: Africa Tropic, South Africa, Tanzania, Kayela, Mbunga
144. 29.4 4 . Rhinanthus angustifolius (C. Gmelin); (=Alecterolophus major = A. glaber= A. montanus = R. apterus = R. glaberR. major = R. serotinus); Orobanchaceae; greater II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley) America: North America Asia: Turkey, Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia Europe: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, 217 yellow-rattle Hungary, Netherland, Poland, Switzerland, France, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Balkans, Russia
145. 30.4 5 . Rhinanthus minor (L.); Orobanchaceae; yellow rattle, cockscomb II Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley) America: North America, Canada, USA Asia: West Asia, Siberia Europe: Russia
146. 31.4 . Striga aspera (Willd.), (= Euphrasia aspera Willd); Orobanchaceae; parasitic weed, witchweed II Zea mays (jagung, corn,maize), millet, Oryza sativa(padi, rice, paddy) Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Sudan, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Gambia, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Mali, Senegal, Togo
147. 32.5 . Striga forbesii (Benth);Orobanchaceae; parasitic weed, Buchera forbesii (Benth) D. Dietr.; giant maize witchweed, giant mealie witchweed II Zea mays (jagung, corn,maize), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Africa:Madagascar, South Africa
148. 33.5 3 . Striga gesnerioides(Willd) Vatke; (=S. Orobanchoides = Buchnera gesnerioides);Orobanchaceae; cowpea witchweed II Nicotianatabacum (tembakau,tobacco), Ipomoeabatatas(ubijalar,sweet potato), Vignaspp.(cowpea) Africa: Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Mozambique, Sudan, Zimbabwe America: USA, Florida, Guyana Asia: Morocco, Sri Langka, India, Saudi Arabia, Cambodia, Japan, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Yemen Oceania: Australia
149. 34.4 . Striga hermonthica (Delile)Benth.; (= S. senegalensis);Scrophulariacec II Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Oryza sativa(padi, rice, paddy), Panicum (millets), Saccharum officinarum Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Gambia, Malawi, Mali, 218 a; parasitic weed, purple witchweed (tebu,sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, corn,maize) Eragrostis tef (teff), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley) Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Kenya, Namibia, Madagascar, Sudan, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Senegal, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Asia: Cambodia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Peninsula
150. 35.5 . Striga latericea (Vatke); (= S. somaliensis);Orobanchaceae; parasitic weed, cowpea witchweed II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugar cane) Africa: Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia, Mali, Central Africa Republic
151. 36.5 . Striga passargei(Engl.);Orobanchace ae; parasitic weed II Zea mays (jagung, corn,maize) Africa: Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Nigeria Asia: Saudi Arabia
152. 37.5 . Thesium australe (R. Br.); Santalaceae; Austral toadflax, Austral Toad-flax, Australian Toadflax II Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), grasses, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugar cane) Oceania: Australia
153. 38.5 . Thesium humile (Vahl.); Santalaceae; lesser bastardtoadflax II Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), grasses, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugar cane) Africa: North Africa Asia: Israel Europe: Spain
154. 39.. Thesium resdoides;Santalaceae II Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), grasses, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugar cane) Africa: South Africa VI. CENDAWAN (FUNGAL/FUNGAL LIKE ORGANISM/PSEUDOFUNGY) No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ GOLONGA INANG/ MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR/ 219 KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME N/ GROUP HOST PEMBAWA/ PATHWAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
155. 1.[a]: - [s]: Claviceps africana (Fr.) ; =Sphacelia sorghi; Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes I Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) biji, media tanam Africa: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal. Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominica, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Asia: India, Japan, Thailand, Yemen. Oceania: Australia.
156. 2.[a]: - [s]: Claviceps gigantea (Fuentes), de la Ista, Ullstrup & Rodrigues(1964); ( =Sphacelia gigantea); Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; ergot of maize, horse's tooth I Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) biji, media tanam America: Mexico
157. 3.[a]: - [s]: Sphacelia segetum Lév., 1827 ( =Claviceps purpurea (Mantle); =Sphacelia sorghi =Claviceps microcephala (Wallr.) Tul., 1853; I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Agrostis (bentgrasses), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Cynodon (quickgrass), Festuca (fescues), Hordeum (barleys), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Lolium (rye grasses), Lolium perenne (perennial rye grass), Phleum biji, media tanam Africa: Algeria, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa (Sudan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe). America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, 220 Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; sugary disease (timothies), Poa (meadow grass), Poa pratensis (smooth- stalked meadowgrass), Poaceae (grasses), Secale (rye), Secale cereale (rye), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum (wheat), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) Bromus (bromegrasses), Echinochloa spp., Panicum (millets), Pennisetum (feather grass) Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana Asia: Armenia, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Philippines, Turkey. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
158. 4.[a]: - [s]:Moniliophthora perniciosa (Stahel) Aime & Phillips- Mora (2006) =Marasmius perniciosus (Stahel, 1915) =Crinipellis perniciosa (Stahel) (Singer, 1943) Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; cocoa witches’ broom disease I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Bixa orellana bagian tanaman America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, Guyana, Panama, Peru,St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
159. 5.[a]: - [s]: Exobasidium reticulatum I: jika MP tidak Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) daun, batang Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia 221 Ito & Sawada; Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Exobasidiomycetes; net blister blight of tea diproses. II: jika MP diproses muda
160. 6.[a]: - [s]: Fomes robiniae (Murr) Sacc and D. Sacc (1905) =F. rimosus =Phellinus robiniae (Murrill) A. Ames 1913 =Pyropolyporus robiniae Murrill 1903 =Fulvifomes robiniae (Murrill) Murrill 1914; Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; Yellow spongy rot I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Albizia falcataria (L.), Albizia lelbeck, Robinia pseudo acacia, Anogeissus latifolia, Boswellia serrata, Casuarina strieta, Dalberbia sissoo, Eucalyptus spp, Querus sp., Shrea robusta, Terminalia bellarica, Terminalia tomentosa, Morus alba, Pistacia lentiscus batang, akar Africa: Jamaica Asia: India, Ceylon, Pakistan Oceania: Australia, Samon
161. 7.[a]: - [s]:Fomitopsis pinicola(Sw.: Fr.) P. Karst. 1881; ( =Boletus pinicola Sw.: Fr. 1810; Fomes pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) Fr. 1849; Placodes pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) Pat. 1887; Polyporus pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) Fr. 1821; Pseudofomes pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) Lázaro Ibiza 1916; Trametes pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) P. Karst. 1882 Basidiomycota, I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Abies alba (silver fir), Abies amabilis (Pacific silver fir), Abies concolor (Rocky Mountain white fir), Abies holophylla (Manchurian fir), Abies magnifica (red fir), Abies nephrolepis (Khingan fir), Abiesprocera (noble fir), Abies religiosa (sacred fir), Acer macrophyllum (broadleaf maple), Agathis, Betula papyrifera (paper birch), Larix gmelinii (Dahurian larch), Picea abies (common spruce), Picea batang, akar Africa: Egypt, Morocco America: Guatemala, Canada, Mexico, USA, Brazil Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, 222 Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; brown crumbly rot, pinicola conk, red belt fungus, root rot conifers, brown rot of conifers, brown cubical heart rot of fir glauca (white spruce), Picea jezoensis (Yeddo spruce), Picea koraiensis (Korean spruce), Picea mariana (black spruce), Picea obovata (Siberian spruce), Picea rubens (red spruce), Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce), Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinusedulis (pinyon), Pinus flexilis (limber pine), Pinus koraiensis (fruit pine), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus sargentii (sargent's cherry), Prunus serotina (black cherry), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock), Tsuga mertensiana (Patton's hemlock), Vitis (grape) Abies balsamea (balsam fir), Abies grandis (grand fir), Abies lasiocarpa (rocky mountain fir), Abies nordmanniana (Nordmann fir), Acer pictum (painted maple), Alnus glutinosa (European alder), Alnus incana (grey alder), Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch), Betula pendula (common silver birch), Betula platyphylla (Manchurian birch), Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, 223 Betula populifolia (gray birch), Calocedrus decurrens (bastard cedar), Carpinus betulus (hornbeam), Carpinus cordata (heart-leaved hornbeam), Carya (hickories), Castanea (chestnuts), Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Alaska cedar), Corylusavellana (hazel), Fagus grandifolia (American beech), Fagus sylvatica (common beech), Larix kaempferi (Japanese larch), Larix komarovii, Larix laricina (American larch), Magnolia, Malus domestica (apple), Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce), Picea pungens (blue spruce), Pinus lambertiana (big pine), Pinus monophylla (single- leaf pinyon pine), Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine), Pinus sibirica (Siberian stone pine), Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), Pinus tabuliformis (chinese pine), Platanus occidentalis (sycamore), Platanus orientalis (plane), Populus grandidentata (Bigtooth aspen), Populus maximowiczii (Japanese poplar), Populus nigra (black 224 poplar), Populus tremula (aspen (European)), Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen), Prunusavium (sweet cherry), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Salix alba (white willow), Salix caprea (pussy willow), Salix fragilis (crack willow), Sequoia sempervirens (coast redwood), Sorbus aucuparia (mountain ash), Thuja occidentalis (Eastern white cedar), Thuja plicata (western redcedar), Tilia cordata (small- leaf lime), Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock)
162. 8.[a]: - [s]:Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D.L. Olivier (1952); ( =Rhaphidophora graminis Sacc. (1875); Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D. Olivier

(1952); Ophiobolus graminis (Sacc.) Sacc. (1881); Ophiobolus oryzinus Sacc.
(1916); Linocarpon oryzinum (Sacc.) Petr. (1952); Gaeumannomyces oryzinus (Sacc.) Schrantz (1961) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, I: jika MP tidak diproses. II: jika MP diproses Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Zizania spp., Avena spp., secale, Poaceae, Cynodon spp., Eremochloa ophiuroides, Pennisetum clandestinum, Stenotaphrum secundatum, Zoysia japonica akar, batang, daun, biji, media tanam Africa: Egypt, South Africa America: Peru, USA Asia: India, Philippines 225 Sordariomycetes; crown sheath rot, crown sheath rot of rice, patch disease of turf, white-heads of grasses

9.[a]: - [s]: Leptosphaeria taiwanensis W.Y. Yen & C.C. Chi: 213

(1952); ( =Didymella taiwanensis (J.M. Yen & C.C. Chi) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc., (1989); Saccharicola taiwanensis (J.M. Yen & C.C. Chi) O.E. Erikss. & D. Hawksw., (2003) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; sugar cane leaf blight I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) daun Asia: Taiwan

10.[a]: - [s]:Marasmiellus cocophilus Pegler; Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; basal stem break, lethal bole rot of coconut I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colona, Eleusine indica buah, daun, batang, media tanam Africa: Kenya,Tanzania Oceania: Solomon Islands
11.[a]: - [s]:Marasmiellus inoderma (Berk.) Singer (1955); (= Marasmius inoderma Berk. Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; crown rot of I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids) akar, daun, batang, tanaman, tanah. Africa: Egypt Oceania: Samoa America, Samoa 226 rice, pre-emergence shoot rot, root rot of maize, sheath rot of maize
12.[a]: - [s]:Microthyriella rubiPetr.;(=Schizothyrina rubiSchizothyrina rubi (Petr.)) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; fly speck I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange) buah America: USA Asia: China, India, Japan
13.[a]: - [s]:Moniliophthora roreri (Cif.) H.C. Evans, Stalpers, Samson & Benny (1978); (= Monilia roreri Cif. (1933) Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; frosty pod rot, monilia pod rot, pod rot of cocoa, quevedo disease, watery pod rot of cocoa I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) buah, biji America: Brazil, Colombia,Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela
14.[a]: - [s]:Laetiporus baudonii (Pat.) Ryvarden (1991); ( =Polyporus baudonii Pat.

(1914)=Polyporus baudoni =Cladoporus baudonii (Pat.) Teixeira (1994) =Pseudophaeolus baudonii (Pat.) Ryvarden (1975) =Phaeolus manihotis R. Heim (1931) Basidiomycota, I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Manihot esculenta (singkong, cassava), umbi, akar, batang Africa: Madagascar 227 Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; root rot

15.[a]: - [s]: Podosphaera clandestina var. clandestina, (1851); (=Alphitomorpha clandestina Wallr., (1819) =Erysiphe clandestina (Wallr.) Link,

(1824)=Erysiphe oxyacanthae DC., (1815) =Podosphaera kunzei Lév.,
(1851)=Microsphaera fulvofulcra Cooke (1851) =Podosphaera minor Howe,
(1874)Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Leotiomycetes; powdery mildew of cherry; powdery mildew of hawthorn; mildew of quince I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum) daun, buah, batang muda Africa: Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, Zimbabwe America: Canada, USA Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

16.[a]: Sclerotium cepivorum [s]:Stromatinia cepivorum (Berk.) Whetzel ; ≡Stromatinia cepivora (Berk.,1945) =Stromatinia cepivorum (Berk., 1945) I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Allium (onions, garlic, leek, etc.), Alliumcepa (onion), Allium cepa var. aggregatum (shallot), Allium fistulosum (Welsh onion), Allium porrum (leek), Allium sativum (garlic), Allium umbi, akar, batang Africa: Egypt, Libya, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guyana, Uruguay, Venezuela 228 Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; white rot of onion and garlic, onion white root rot, bulb rot of onion, Allium white rot, onion white rot schoenoprasum (chives) Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, Philippines Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
17.[a]: - [s]:Sporisorium cruentum(J.G. Kühn) Vanky (1985); ( =Sphacelotheca cruenta(J.G. Kühn) Potter(1912) =S.holci =Ustilago cruentaJ.G. Kühn

(1872)=Endothlaspis sorghi Sorokin (1890) =Cintractia sorghi (Sorokin) De Toni
(1888)=Sphacelotheca sorokiniana Cif. (1928) =Ustilago sorghi Pass. (1873) Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Ustilaginomycetes; loose kernel smut, loose smut, sorghum loose kernel smut I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) biji Africa: Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, USA,Venezuela Asia: Afghanistan, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan, Turkey, Yemen Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Rusia, 229 Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia

18.[a]: - [s]:Tilletia indica Mitra(1931)( =Neovossia indica(Mitra) Mundk (1940); Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Exobasidiomycetes; Karnal bunt of wheat, Indian bunt of wheat, partial bunt of wheat, new bunt I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) biji Africa: South Africa, Mexico, USA Asia: Afghanistan, India, Iran, Iraq, Nepal, Pakistan
19.[a]: - [s]:Tilletia laevis J. G. Kühn(1873); ( =Tilletia foetens (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) J. Schröt (1877) =Tilletia foetida =Ustilago foetensBerk. & M.A. Curtis

(1874); Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Exobasidiomycetes; common bunt, complete bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, smooth- spored wheat bunt, stinking bunt, stinking wheat smut I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) . biji, batang, bunga Africa: Algeria, Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Morocco, Somalia, South Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela, Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Lebanon, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, 230 Macedonia,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine Oceania : Australia, New Zealand

20.[a]: - [s]:Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) G. Winter (1884); ( =Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.

(1847)=Uredo caries DC.
(1815)=Uredo Sitophila Ditmar (1816) =Caeoma sitophilum (Ditmar) Link
(1825)=Tilletia sitophila (Ditmar) J. Schröt. (1877) Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Exobasidiomycetes; complete bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, rough-spored wheat bunt, stinking smut, wheat bunt, common bunt I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Triticum spp. (gandum, wheat) Agropyron spp., Bromusspp., Elymusspp., Festucaspp., Hordeumspp., Poaspp., Secale sereale, Lolium spp. biji, bunga, batang Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Mongolia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belgium,Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece,Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, 231 UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

21.[a]: - [s]:Urocystis agropyri(Preuss) A.A. Fisch. Waldh. (1867); ( =Uredo agropyri Preuss

(1848)=Polycystis agrropyri (Preuss) J. Schröt. (1877) =Tuburcinia agropyri (Preuss) Liro (1922) =Tubircinia agropyri-juncei Vienn.-Bourg. (1954) =Urocystis agropyri-juncei (Vienn.-Bourg.) H. Zogg.
(1986)=Tuburcinia elymi Cif.
(1931)=Urocystis elymi (Cif.) Schwarzman (1960) =Urocystis preussii J.G. Kühn (1874) Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Ustilaginomycetes; flag smut, flag smut of wheat, stem smut, stripe smut I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) Agropyron, Elymus repens, Agropyron smithii, Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris, Agrostis capillaris, Alopecurus, Avena sativa (oat, oats ), Bromus carinatus, Bromus marginatus, Carex, Dactylis glomerata, Elymus, Festuca rubra, Lolium, Phleum pratense, Poa spp., Trisetum bunga, daun,tangk ai malai, biji Africa: Algeria, Egypt,Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Falkland Islands, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Afghanistan, China,Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan Europe: Baltic area, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finlania, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

22.[a]: - [s]:Urocystis cepulaeFrost.

(1877)( =Tuburcinia cepulae Frost (1877) =Urocystis magica Pass. (1875) =Tuburcinia magica (Pass.) I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Allium spp. Anthirinum sp. umbi, daun, batang Africa: Egypt, Gabon, Morocco America: Canada,Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, USA Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, 232 Liro (1922) =Urocystis allii Schellenb. (1911) =Tuburcinia allii (Schellenb.) Liro (1922) =Tuburcinia oblonga Massenot (1953) =Urocystis oblonga (Massenot) H. Zogg (1986) Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Ustilaginomycetes; leek smut, onion smut Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Tajikistan, Thailand Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, Malta, Denmark, Finlania, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia,Sweden, Switzerland, UK,Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

23.[a]: - [s]:Urocystis gladiolicolaAinsw.

(1950); ( =Tuburcinia gladiolicola (Ainsw.) Cif.
(1963)Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Ustilaginomycetes; smut I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Gladiolus spp. umbi, daun Asia: Iran

24.[a]: - [s]: Ustilago nuda f.sptritici (Schaffnit); ( =Ustilago nuda f.sp. hordei); Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Ustilaginomycetes; barley loose smut I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Secale sereale (barley) bunga, daun, tangkai malai, biji Africa: Egypt America: Canada, USA Asia: China, India, Pakistan Europe: Ireland, Rusia, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia
25.[a]: - [s]:Ustilago violacea(Pers.) Roussel; ( =( =Microbotryum violaceum (Pers.) G. Deml & I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP Silene pratensis, Cerastium, Dyanthus,Caryophyllaceae bunga, daun, tangkai malai, biji America: North America, USA Europe: Sweden, 233 Oberw. =Uredo violacea Pers. =Caeoma violaceum (Pers.) Nees =Uredo antherarum DC. =Ustilago antherarum (DC.) Fr. =Caeoma antherarum (DC.) Schltdl. =Microbotryum antherarum (DC.) Lév. =Erysibe antherarum (DC.) Wallr. =Ustilago silenes- nutantis Liro) Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Ustilaginomycetes; Caryophyllaceae anther smut diproses
26.[a]: - [s]: Sphacelotheca reiliana (J. G. Kühn) G.P Clinton;( =Cintractia reiliana (J. G. Kühn) Clinton =Sorosporium holci-sorghi (Rivolta) Moesz =Sorosporium reilianum(J.G. Kühn) McAlpine =Sphacelotheca holci-sorghi (Rivolta) Cif. =Sporisorium holci-sorghi (Rivolta) Vánky =Sporisorium reilianum(J. G. Kühn) Langdon & Full. =Ustilago holci-sorghi Rivolta =Ustilago reiliana J. I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Sorghum sudanense, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Zea mays subsp. mays (sweet corn) Andropogon, Zea mexicana (Zea mays subsp. mexicana) biji, bunga, daun, akar, batang, media tanam Africa: Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, DR Congo, Egypt, Erythrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, USA, Uruguay Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of, Malaysia, 234 G. Kühn) Basidiomycota; Microbotryales;Microbotryacea e; Head smut of maize, loose smut Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Yemen Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Estonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro,Moldova, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
27.[a]:Alternaria citriEllis & N. Pierce(1992); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; stalk end rot, stem end rot, navel end rot, core rot of citrus, black rot of citrus fruit, brown spot of citrus, black rot of Citrus, fruit rot of Citrus, core rot of Citrus. I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Citrus sp., Citrus jambhiri (rough lemon), Citrus junos (yuzu), Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus medica (citron), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange) buah, dan daun. Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North America, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam 235 Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russia, Spain Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
28.[a]:Aposphaeria ulei Henn.

(1904); ( = Fusicladium heveae K. Schub. & U. Braun (2003) =Fusicladium macrosporum Kuyper (1911) =Passalora heveae Massee 1913 [s]:Microcyclus ulei (Henn.) Arx
(1962); ( =Dothidella ulei Henn. (1904) =Melanopsammopsis ulei (Henn.) Stahel (1917) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; American leaf blight of rubber I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber tree) tanaman, batang muda, daun, buah, alat angkut, alat pertanian, media pembawa lainnya America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,El Salvador, Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela

29.[a]:Armillaria heimii Pegler

(1977); (=Clitocybe elegans R. Heim (1963); Armillariella elegans (R. Heim, 1974) [s]: - Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; armillaria root rot; honey root rot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Anacardium occidentalis (jambu mede, cashew nut), Camellia cinensis (teh, tea), Coffea arabica (kopi, arabica coffe), Coffea canephora (kopi, robusta coffea), Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Pinus ellioti (slash pine), Pinus radiate (radiate pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (Japanese akar, batang, tanah Africa: Angola, Cameroon, DR Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe 236 plum), Tectona grandis (teak), Theobromoa cacao (coklat, cocoa) Acacia mearnsii (black wattle), Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood), Araucaria cunninghamii (colonial pine), Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarinas), Cinnamamum camphora (camphor laurel), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Delonix regia (gold mohar), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Eucalyptus citriodora (lemon-scented gum), Grevillea robusta (silky oak), Jacaranda mimosifolia (Brazilian rosewood), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Pinus strobes (eastern white pine), Prunus (buah batu, stone fruit), Schinus molle (false pepper tree), swietenia (mahogany).

30.[a]:Ascochyta boltshauseri Sacc. =Stagonosporopsis hortensis =Stagonospora hortensis =Ascochyta hortensis = Stagonosporopsis boltshauseri =Phoma boltshauseri =Hendersonia I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) Fabaceae, Poaceae biji, polong, daun, batang, tanah America: Colombia 237 hortensis =Phoma subboltshauseri); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; bean blotch, bean leaf spot
31.[a]: Ascochyta gossypii(Woronichin) Syd.; [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; ascochyta blight of cotton, ascochyta leaf spot, ascochyta seedling blight, ashen spot, wet weather blight of cotton. I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine),Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Vigna unguiculata, Hibiscus spp., Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) biji, buah, daun, batang Africa: Benin, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius,Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, USA,Venezuela Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Taiwan, Georgia, India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines Europe: Greece Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea
32.[a]:Boeremia exigua var. linicola (Naumov & Vassiljevsky) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley (2010); ( = Ascochyta linicola Naumov & Vassiljevsky (1926) [s]: Phoma exigua f. sp. linicola (Naumov & Vassiljevsky) Malc. & E.G. Gray (1968) =Phoma exigua var. linicola (Naumov & Vassiljevsky) I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Linum ussitatissimum (flax) Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) buah, bunga, biji, batang, akar, America: Canada Europe: Belgium, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Slovakia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 238 P.W.T. Maas (1965) =Phoma belgica Cash (1972) =Phoma linicola É.J. Marchal & Verpl. (1926) =Diplodina lini Moesz & Smarods (1930) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; foot rot of flax
33.[a]: Botrytis aclada Fresen. =Botrytis allii Munn =Botrytis septospora El- Helaly et al.; [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Leotiomycetes; grey mould of onion, neck rot of onion, leaf rot of onion, small sclerotial neck rot fungus, neck rot fungus, grey mould neck rot of onion, small sclerotial onion neck rot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Allium (onions, garlic, leek, etc.), Allium cepa (onion), Allium cepa var. aggregatum (shallot) Allium porrum (leek), Allium sativum (garlic) umbi lapis,daun, bunga, biji Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia America: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Jamaica, Panama, Canada, USA, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Vietnam Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
34.[a]:Botrytis gladiolorum Timmerm(1941)( =Sclerotinia draytonii) [s]:Botryotinia I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP Gladiolus spp. umbi, tanaman Asia: Pakistan 239 draytonii(Buddin & Wakefield) Seaver; Ascomycetes; corm rot diproses
35.[a]:Botrytis porri N.F. Buchw.

(1949); (=Sclerotinia porri J.F.H. Beyma (1927) [s]: Botryotinia porri(H.J.F. Beyma) Whetzel (1945); Ascomycetes; Botrytis rot of garlic, Botrytis rot of leek, seedling damping-off of onion, neck rot of onion, mycelia onion neck rot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Allium (onions, garlic, leek, etc.), Allium cepa (onion), Allium porrum (leek) umbi lapis,daun, bunga, biji America: Canada, USA, Chile Europe: Finland, Germany, Hungary, Norway, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

36.[a]:Botrytis squamosaJ.C. Walker, (1925) [s]:Botryotinia squamosaVienn.-Bourg.

(1953); (=Sclerotinia squamosa (Vienn.-Bourg. 1956) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Leotiomycetes; leaf blight of onion, neck rot of onion, small sclerotial neck rot, onion leaf blight, onion neck rot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Allium (onions, garlic, leek, etc.), Allium cepa (onion) Allium chinense (spring onion), Allium fistulosum (Welsh onion), Allium schoenoprasum (chives), Allium tuberosum (Oriental garlic) umbi lapis,daun, bunga, biji Africa: Mauritius America: Canada, USA, Brazil Asia: China, Japan, Korea, DPR, Korea Republic of (South Korea) Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, UK, Scotland Oceania: New Caledonia, New Zealand

37.[a]: Botrytis tulipae Lind.

(1913)=Sclerotium tulipae Lib. =Botrytis parasitica Cavara (1888); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Leotiomycetes; tulip fire I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Tulipa (tulip) Allium cepa (onion), Lilium (lily) umbi lapis,daun, bunga, biji America: Canada, USA, Argentina, Chile Asia: Iraq, Japan, Korea, DPR, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Philippines Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and 240 Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Guernsey, Hungary, Italy, Jersey, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

38.[a]:Catacauma huberi (Henn.) Theiss. & Syd. 1915; ( = Phyllachora huberi Henn.

(1900)[s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; black spot, tar spot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber tree) daun, batang muda America: Brazil, Guyana

39.[a]: Cephalosporiumgregatum Alling & Chamb; =Acremoniumgregatum =Phialophora gregata (Allington & D.W. Chamb.) W. Gams, (1971); [s]:Cadophora gregata (Allington & D.W. Chamb.) T.C. Harr. & McNew, (2003); Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Glycine max (kedelai, soybean) biji Africa: Egypt America: Canada, Mexico, USA Asia:Japan Europe: Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia 241 Sordariomycetes;brown batang rot
40.[a]: Cercospora duddiaeWelles

(1923); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; leaf spot of onion and garlic, withertip onion of and garlic, leaf spot: garlic, leaf spot: onion I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium schoenoprasum (bawang daun/leeks, chives) tanaman, daun America: Barbados, Jamaica Asia: India

41.[a]: Cercospora elaeidisSteyaert (1948); [s]:Pseudospiropes elaeidis (Steyaert) Deighton, (1985); Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; cercospora leaf spot, freckle of oil palm, leaf spot of oil palm, oil palm leaf spot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) buah, biji, daun, Africa: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, DR Congo, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zimbabwe, Antilles Netherlands, Suriname Oceania: Australia
42.[a]: Cercospora epipactidis; =Cercospora missal ex. Sacc.

(1911); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; leaf spot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids) daun, batang, tangkai bunga Europe: Italy, Germany, Rusia.

43.[a]: Colletotrichum kahawaeJ.M Waller & Bridge (1993); (=Colletotrichum coffeanum =C.coffeanum 'var. virulans'); I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) buah, bunga, batang, Africa: Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, DR Congo,Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda,Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe 242 [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; anthracnose of coffee, brown blight of coffee, coffee berry disease America: Cuba
44.[a]: Colletotrichum sublineolum(Henn.) ex Sacc. & Trotter (1913) =Colletotrichum sublineolum Henn. ex Sacc. & Trotter

(1913); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; sorghum anthracnose, stalk red rot of sorghum, red leaf spot of sorghum, head blight of sorghum I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Poaceae (grasses), Zizania aquatica (annual wildrice) biji, bunga, daun, batang, Africa: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Brazil, Barbados, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Guyana, Venezuela Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India, Japan, South Korea, Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Europe: Romania, UK. Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands

45.[a]:Coniothyrium fuckelii Sacc.

(1878); ( =Microsphaeropsis fuckelii (Sacc.) Boerema I: jika MP tidak diproses Rubus spp., Rosa spp. (mawar, rose). Ribes, Vaccinium, Fragaria, tanaman, batang, media Africa: Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe 243 [s]:Sphaeria coniothyrium Fuckel, (1870); ( =Leptosphaeria coniothyrium (Fuckel) Sacc., (1875); Diapleella coniothyrium (Fuckel) M.E. Barr, (1986); Kalmusia coniothyrium (Fuckel) Huhndorf, (1992); Melanomma coniothyrium (Fuckel) L. Holm, (1957); Sphaeria coniothyrium Fuckel, (1870) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; cane blight, rose blight, apple canker, pine needle blight, rose stem canker II. jika MP diproses Bambusa, Juniperus, Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Pinus sylvestris, buah batu (stone fruit), Taxus, Thuja tanam America: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Canada, USA Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei, China, India, Japan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Rusia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea

46.[a]: Coniothyrium wernsdorffiaeLaubert

(91905); =Coniothyrium cystotricha; [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; rose brand canker I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) tanaman, batang America: Canada, USA Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Rusia, Sweden, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia

47.[a]:Cylindrocarpon heteronemum (Berk. & Broome) Wollenw. (1928); ( = Fusarium willkommii J. Lindau (1909) =Cylindrocarpon willkommii I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Albizia lebbeck, Acer pseudoplatanus, Aesculus hippocastanum, Ainus glutinosa, Batula pubescens, Juglans sp, Fraxinus excelsior, Fogus silvatica, Platanus batang, buah, polong Africa: South Africa, Madagascar America: North America Asia: Japan Europe: England 244 (Lindau) Wollenw. (1928) =Cylindrocarpon willkommii var. minus Wollenw. (1928) =Cylindrocarpon willkommii var. pluriseptatum Wollenw.

(1928)[s]:Neonectria ditissima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Samuels & Rossman (2006); (=Nectria ditissima Tul. & C. Tul.
(1865)=Nectria ditissima var. ditissima Wollenw.
(1865)=Nectria ditissima var. arctica Wollenw. (1926) =Nectria galligena Bres.(1901) =Neonectria galligena (Bres.) Rossman & Samuels (1999) =Fusarium heteronemum Berk. & Broome (1865) =Cylindrocarpon heteronema (Berk. & Broome) Wollenw.
(1928)=Nectria magnoliae M.L. Lohman & Hepting
(1943)=Fusarium mali Allesch. (1892) =Cylindrocarpon mali (Allesch.) Wollenw. (1928) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; Hardwoods perennial canker, nectria cancer orientalis, Pupulus spp, Quercus robus, Salix alba, S. vitallina, Tillia spp, Ulmus glabra 245

48.[a]:Dematophora necatrix R. Hartig (1883) =Graphium desmazierii Sacc.

(1878)[1879] =Hypoxylon necatrix (R. Hartig) P.M.D. Martin (1976) =Rhizomorpha necatrix R. Hartig (1883) [s]:Rosellinia necatrixPrill.(1902); Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; dematophora root rot, white root rot of trees I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, kiwi fruit), Begonia, Boehmeria nivea (rami, ramie), Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Citrus spp., Cydonia oblonga, Cynara scolymus (artisyok, artichoke), Cyclamen, Dianthus, Eriobotrya japonica, Ficus carica, Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Jasminum sambac (melati, jasmine), Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Morus, Narcissus, Olea europea sub sp. europea (zaitum, olive), Paeonia, Populus, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Viola, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) cerealia, Abies alba, Acacia, Acer, Aesculus, Annona,Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Beta vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beet), Berberis, Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Ceanothus megacarpus, Cedrus atlantica, Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Castanea sativa, Cotoneaster, Carya, Corylus avellana, Cyperus esculentus, Daucus tanaman, umbi, akar, batang, media tanam Africa: Central Africa, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Réunion America: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Dominica, Mexico, USA Asia: China,Taiwan, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Lebanon, Philippines, Turkey Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Southern Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Oceania: New Zealand 246 carota (wortel, carrot), Diospyros, Eucalyptus, Fagus,Feijoa sellowiana, Fragaria, Gladiolus hybrids, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Humulus lupulus, Hyacinthus, Ilex aquifolium, Iris, Juglans, Juglans regia, Ixia, Lavandula, Larix decidua, Ligustrum vulgare, Laurus nobilis, Malus, Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Macadamia, Medicago sativa, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisa, passion- fruit, granadilla), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Pelargonium, Phaseolus, Pistacia vera, Picea abies, Piper nigrum (lada, pepper), Pinus merkusii (tusam, pinetree), Platanus, buah batu (stone fruit), Protea, Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyracantha, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), azalea, Ribes, Rubus spp., Rumex, Salix, Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorbus aucuparia, Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), 247 Crocosmia crocosmiiflora, Tulipa, Ulmus, Viburnum, Vicia, Vitis, Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Ziziphus jujuba, Zantedeschia

49.[a]:Denticularia mangiferae (Bitanc. & Jenkins) Alcorn, Grice & R.A. Peterson 1999 =Sphaceloma mangiferae Bitanc. & Jenkins 1956 [s]:Elsinoe mangiferae Bitanc. & Jenkins 1946 Ascomycetes; mango scab I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Mangifera indica (mangga, mango) daun, buah Africa: Kenya America: Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Dominica, Haiti, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, USA Asia: Taiwan, India, Nepal, Philippines Oceania: Australia
50.[a]: Diplodia laelio- cattleyaeSibilia (1927); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; leaf spot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Cattleya sp. (anggrek cattleya, cattleya) tanaman, daun America: all
51.[a]: Fusarium avenaceum(Fr.: Fr.) Sacc. (1886) =Fusarium roseum var. avenaceum Fr.: Fr.) Wollenw. (1930 =Fusarium avenaceum f.sp. fabae =Fusarium avenaceum subsp. aywerte) [s]: Gibberella avenaceae R.J. Cook (1967); Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; Fusarium blight; head blight; stem base disease; scab I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Albizia julibrissin (silk tree) Clausena lansium (wampi), Cucurbita (pumpkin), Fraxinus excelsior (ash), Gossypium (cotton), Ipomea batatas, (sweet potato), Morus (melberrytree), Oryza sativa (rice), Piper betle (betel pepper), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Pyrus communis (European pear), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Theobroma cacao (cocoa) biji,akar buah, batang, media tanam Africa: Kenya, Nigeria America: Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Peru, USA Asia: China, India, Iran Europe: Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 248
52.[a]:Fusarium chlamydosporumWollenw. & Reinking 1925; (=Fusarium fusarioides (Gonz. Frag. & Cif. ) C. Booth 1971; Fusarium sporotrichioides var. chlamydosporum (Wollenw. & Reinking) Joffe 1974 =Dactylium fusarioides Gonz. Frag. & Cif. 1928 [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; wilt cotton I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Morus (mulberrytree), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) biji, akar, batang, media tanam Africa: widespread, Nigeria America: USA. Asia: China, India (Haryana), Saudi Arabia. Oceania: Australia
53.[a]:Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (1838) ( =Fusarium roseum Link emend Snyder & Hansen (1945) [s]:Gibberella zeae (Schwein.: Fr.) Petch (1936); ( =Sphaeria zeae Schwein.: Fr. (1822) =; Gibberella roseum (Link) W.C. Snyder & E.M. Hans. (1945) =; Gibberella roseum f. cerealis (Cooke) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen; = Gibberella saubinetii; =Gibberella cyanogena; Dothidea zeae Schwein. (1832) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; headblight of maize, scab of maize, root rot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Alopecurus pratensis (Meadow foxtail), Avena sativa (oats), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Linum usitassimum (flax), Lupinus (lupins), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, rice), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Secale cereale (rye), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Zea mays (jagung, maize) Acacia mearnsii (black wattle), Azadirachta indica (neem tree), Brassica, Dianthus (carnation), Gardenia jasminoides (cape jasmine), Gossypium (cotton), biji, buah, bunga, daun, akar, batang, media tanam Africa: widespread, Egypt, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Costa Rica, Dominica, Grenada, Honduras, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Windward Island, Canada, Mexico, USA., Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay. Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Turkey. Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, 249 of maize, stalk rot of maize, ear rot of maize, gibberella stalk rot, gibberella ear rot, red ear rot, pink ear rot, fusarium root and stalk rot, cobweb disease Lycopersicon, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Medicago (medic), Medicago littoralis (strand medick), Musa x paradisiaca (plantain), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Pisum (pea), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Solanum (nightshade), Trifolium (clovers), Triticale, Vicia faba ( Broad bean), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Russia, Serbia- Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand. Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Islands.
54.[a]: Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. elaeidisSchltdl.: Fr. (1824) ( =Fusarium angustum Sherb.

(1915); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; fusarium wilt of oil palm, vascular oil palm wilt I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) biji, buah, bunga, batang, daun, akar, media tanam Africa: Benin, Cameroon, DR Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria America: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Suriname, Costa Rica

55.[a]:Fusarium sporotrichioidesSherb.

(1915); ( =Fusarium sporotrichiella var. sporotrichioides (Sherb.) Bilai (1953); Fusarium sporotrichioides var. sporotrichioides Sherb.
(1915)[s]: - I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Avena sativa (oats), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Zea mays (maize) Glycine max (soyabean), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), Pisum sativum (pea), turfgrasses, Zizania palustris biji, batang, media tanam Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania America: Barbados, Canada, USA, Brazil Asia: China, India, Japan, Pakistan, Thailand, Turkey Europe: Austria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Russia, UK 250 Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; kernel rot of maize, blight of grasses, foot rot of carnation (northern wild rice (USA) Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

56.[a]:Fusarium xylarioides Steyaert (1948); = Fusarium lateritium f. sp. xylarioides W.L. Gordon (1965); =Fusarium oxysporum f. xylarioides (Steyaert) Delassus (1954) [s]:Gibberella xylarioides R. Heim & Saccas (1950) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; coffee wilt, sudden death of coffee, tracheomycosis of coffee, vascular wilt of coffee I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain) akar, batang, media tanam Africa: Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central Africa, Congo, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea- Bissau, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,Uganda, Zimbabwe America: El Salvador
57.[a]:Fusicladium porni (Fr.: Fr.) Lind;( =Spilicaea porni Fr.: Fr. =Spilocaea amelanchieris I.C. Harv. =Actinonema crataegi Pers. =Capillaria crataegi (Pers.) Link =Phlyctidium crataegi (Pers.) Wallr. =Spilocaea crataegi (Pers.) S. Hughes =Asteroma crataegi (Pers.) Rabenh. =Asteroma crataegi var. porni Desm. =Asteroma crataegi var. sorbi Desm. =Cladosporium dendriticum I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Malus domesticum (apel, apple) Crataegus laevigata, Cotoneaster, Malus, Pyracantha, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Sorbus, Viburnum buah, bunga, daun, batang Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, USA, Uruguay Asia: Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, 251 Wallr. =Fusicladium dendriticum f. microsperma Roum. =Fusicladium dendriticum var. eriobotyrae Scalia =Fusicladium dendriticum var. pyracanthae Thüm. =Fusicladium dendriticum var. sorbi-torminalis Savul. & Sandu =Fusicladium dendriticum var. sorbinum Sacc. =Basiascum eriobotryae Cavara =Fusicladium eriobotryae (Cavara) Cavara =Fusicladium melanconioides Ferraris =Spilocaea eriobotryae (Cavara) S. Hughes =Fusicladium lalandi É.J. Marchal & Verpl. =Asteroma mali Desm. =Coniosporium mali Dearn. & W.R. Foster =Fumago mali Pers. =Cladosporium orbiculatum Desm. =Fusicladium orbiculatum (Desm.) Thüm. =Passalora dendritica var. orbiculata (Desm.) Berk. =Fusicladium dendriticum var. orbiculatum (Desm.) Sacc. =Fusicladium Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 252 photinicola McClain =Spilocaea photinicola (McClain) M.B. Ellis =Spilocaea photiniicola (McClain) M.B. Ellis =Fusicladium pirinum var. amelanchieris Sacc. =Fusicladium pirinum var. pyracanthae Thüm. =Fusicladium pyrinum var. pyracanthae Thüm. =Actinonema pomi Lév. =Passalora pyracanthae G.H. Otth =Spilocaea pyracanthae (G.H. Otth) Arx =Fusicladium pyracanthae (G.H. Otth) Vienn.-ourg. =Napicladium soraueri Thüm. =Fusicladium dendriticum var. soraueri (Thüm.) Sacc. =Fusicladium dendriticum var. soraureri (Thüm.) Sacc. =Napicladium saraureri Thüm. =Fusicladium dendriticum var. soraureri (Thüm.) Sacc. =Scolecotrichum venosum Bonord. =Scolicotrichum venosum Bonord.) [s]:Venturia inaequalis(Cooke) G.Winter; ( =Sphaerella inaequalis Cooke 253 =Endostigme cinerascens (Aderh.) Jorst. =Spilosticta cinerascens (Aderh.) Petr. =Didymosphaeria inaequalis (Cooke) Niessl =Endostigme inaequalis (Cooke) Syd. =Spilosticta inaequalis (Cooke) Petr. =Venturia inaequalis var. cinerascens Aderh. =Phaeosphaerella berolinensis Kirschst. =Venturia chlorospora f. sp. mali Aderh. =Sphaerella cinerascens Fleischh. =Sphaeria cinerascens Fuckel =Venturia inaequalis

f.sp. mali R. Menon) Ascomycota; Pleosporales; Venturiaceae; apple scab, apple black spot, apple scab, black spot
1. 58.[a]:Gloeocercospora sorghi D.C. Bain & Edgerton ex Deighton, (1971); ( =Microdochium sorghi (D.C. Bain & Edgerton ex Deighton) U. Braun, (1995); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; zonate leaf spot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Agrostis capillaris (brown bentgrass), Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (bent grass), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum halepense biji, daun, tanaman Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, Panama, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela. 254 (Johnson grass), Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass), Zea mays (jagung, maize) Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Japan, North Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand. Europe: Russia Oceania: American, Samoa, Australia, Samoa, Tonga.
2. 59.[a]:Gloeodes pomigena (Schwein.) Colby (1920) [s]:Dothidea pomigena Schwein. (1832); ( =Phyllachora pomigena (Schwein.) Sacc. (1883) Ascomycota, Gloeodes; sooty blotch on twig & fruit I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Malus domesticum (apel, apple) Citrus spp., Magnolia spp., Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid), Querqus spp. daun, cabang, buah America: Brazil,USA Asia: India, Japan Europe: Germany
3. 60.[a]:Heterosporium allii-cepae Ranoj., (1910); ( =Cladosporium allii-cepae (Ranoj.) M.B. Ellis, (1976) [s]:Davidiella allii-cepae (M.M. Jord., Maude & Burchill) Crous & U. Braun, (2003) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; leafspot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Allium cepa (onion), Allium porum (leek), Allium fistulosum (welsh onoin) daun, umbi America:Brazil Asia: South Korea Europe: Germany, Switzerland, UK
4. 61.[a]:Hypoxylon nummularium Bull., (1791); ( =Biscogniauxia nummularia (Bull.) Kuntze, (1891); Hypoxylon nummularium var. nummularium; Nemania decorticata (Sowerby) Gray,

(1821); Nummularia nummularia (Bull.) J. I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Pyrus communis (pir, pear) Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) tanaman, akar, batang, media tanam Africa: Kenya, South Africa Asia: Japan Europe: UK 255 Schröt., (1897); Numulariola nummularia (Bull.) House,
(1925); [s]:Sphaeria decorticata Sowerby, (1799) (=Sphaeria decorticans Sowerby; Sphaeria nummularia (Bull.) DC., (1805) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; tea wood rot, tea root rot, rot root, tarry root rot

62.[a]:Micronectriella nivalis (Schaffnit) C. Booth (1971) =Fusarium nivale =.Gerlachia nivalis =Fusarium nivale f.sp. graminicola =Fusarium nivale var.nivale =Fusarium nivale var. majus =Microdochium nivale =Calonectria graminicola F.Stevens); [s]: Monographella nivalis (Schaffnit) E. Müll. (1977); ( = Calonectria nivalis Schaffnit (1913) =Griphosphaeria nivalis (Schaffnit) E. Müll. & Arx

(1955)Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; foot rot of I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Secale cereale (rye), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat). Agrostis canina (velvet bentgrass), Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bentgrass), Festuca rubra (red fescue), Oryza sativa (padi, rice), turfgrasses. biji, bunga, daun, batang, akar Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Senegal, Zambia. America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Bolivia, Brazil. Asia: Bahrain, China, India, Japan, Pakistan. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia-Montenegro, 256 cereals, snow blight of cereals, head blight of cereals, pink snow mould of cereals, seedling blight of cereals, snow mould of cereals, Fusarium patch of turf, Microdochium patch of turf, pink snow mould of turf Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

63.[a]: Monilia fructicolaL.R. Batra [s]: Monilinia fructicola(G. Winter) Honey ( =Sclerotinia fructicola (G. Winter) Rehm) Ascomycota; Helotiales; Sclerotiniaceae; Brown rot, American brown rot of stone fruit, brown rot of apple, brown rot of cherry, twig canker of stone fruit I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum) Carica papaya (papaw), Malus domestica (apple), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus dulcis (almond), Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) bunga, buah, daun, tangkai buah, media tanam Africa: Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Guatemala, Panama, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: China, India, Korea Republic of, Taiwan, Yemen Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic and Slovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherland, Serbia,Spain, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand
64.[a]:Monilia laxa (Ehrenb.) Sacc. & Voglino (1886); ( = Oidium laxum Ehrenb. (1818) =Oospora laxa (Ehrenb.) Wallr. (1833) =Acrosporium laxum (Ehrenb.) Pers. (1822) I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunusavium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunusdulcis (almond), Prunus persica (peach) buah, bunga, daun, batang Africa: Morocco, South Africa America: Guatemala, Canada, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Asia: Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, 257 =Sclerotinia cerasi Woronin

(1895)=Stromatinia cerasi (Woronin) Boud. (1907) =Monilia cinerea Bonord.
(1851)=Sclerotinia cinerea (Bonord.) J. Schröt. (1893) =Monilia oregonensis [s]:Sclerotinia laxa Aderh. & Ruhland (1905) (=Stromatinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhland) (Chifflot,1921) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Leotiomycetes; blossom blight, mummufying fruit, blossom wilt, brown rot of stone fruits, spur blight, twig canker, wither tip Cydonia oblonga (quince), Malus domestica (apple), Prunus triloba (Rose tree of China), Pyrus communis (European pear) Lebanon, Turkey, Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

65.[a]:Monilochaetes infuscans Ellis & Halst. (1890); ( = Dischloridium cylindrospermum S.K. Srivast. (1987)[1986] [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; scurf of sweet potato, manure stain, soils stain I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato) umbi, batang, media tanam Africa: Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, USA Asia: China, Taiwan, Israel, Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka Europe: Italy, Portugal Oceania: Australia, Palau, Cook Islands, Micronesia, New Zealand, Northern Mariana Island, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu
66.[a]:Oidium anacardii F. Noack

(1898); ( = Acrosporium anacardii (F. Noack) J.A. I: jika MP tidak diproses Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut) tanaman, daun, buah Africa: Malawi, Tanzania 258 Stev. (1975) =Oidium erysiphoidesf. citri J.M. Yen
(1967)=Oidium citri (J.M. Yen) U. Braun (1982) =Oidium heveae B.A. Steinm. (1925) =Acrosporium heveae (B.A. Steinm.) Subram. (1971) =Oidium mangiferae Berthet
(1914)=Acrosporium mangiferae (Berthet) Subram. (1971) [s]:Erysiphe quercicola S. Takam. & U. Braun (2007) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Leotiomycetes; powdery mildew II. jika MP diproses

67.[a]:Oidium passeriniiBertol. [s]: Podosphaera tridactyla(Wallr.) de Bary( =Podosphaera oxyacanthae var. tridactyla (Wallr.)Salmon =Podosphaera clandestina var. tridactyla (Wallr.) W.B. Cooke =Alphitomorpha tridactyla Wallr. =Erysiphe tridactyla (Wallr.) Rabenh. =Erysiphe bertolinii Roum.) Ascomycota; Erysiphales; Erysiphaceae I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus dulcis (almond) buah Africa: Agypt. Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Spain America: Canada, USA, Argentina, Chile, Acuador, Peru Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia Republic of, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic of, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, 259 Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukaraine, UK, Serbia and Monteneggro (Yugoslavia) Oceania: Australia, Ne Zealand
68.[a]: Penicillium expansumLink. ( =Penicillium crustaceum Link. =Penicillium glaucum Stoll.) [s]: - Ascomycota; Eurotiales; Trichocomaceae; Blue mould of stored apple, soft rot of apple, soft rot of grape, storage rot of fruit I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Malus domestica (apple) Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Gossypium hirsutum (Bourbon cotton), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Lilium (lily), Phoenix dactylifera (date-palm), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (peach), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Pyrus communis (European pear), Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Vaccinium (blueberries), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Zea mays (maize), Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum (garlic), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet) buah Africa: Agypt, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Canada, USA, Honduras, Nicaragua, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Armenia, Brunei Darussalam, China, Georgia Republic of, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Philippines, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Turkey Aurope: Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Serbia and Montenegro Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
69.[a]:Periconia manihoticola I: jika MP Hevea brasiliensis (karet, tanaman, Asia: India 260 (Vincens) Viegas, Bragantia 14:63 (1955); ( =Haplographium manihoticola Vincens: 24,

(1916)[s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Periconia blight tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses rubber tree), Acasia spp., Pisum spp., Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) daun, batang Oceania: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu

70.[a]: Phoma cucurbitacearum (Fr. ex Fr.) Sacc.; Ascochyta cucumis Fautrey & Roum. =Phyllosticta citrullina Chester =Ascochyta melonis Potebnja =Ascochyta citrullina (CHESTER) SMITH =Cercospora citrullina Cooke =Cercospora cucurbitae Ell. & Ev. [s]: Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm =Mycosphaerella melonis (Pass.) Chiu & Walker =Didymosphaeria melonisPidoplichko = Didymosphaeria effusa Sacc. =Mycosphaerella citrullina =Didymella melonis Pass. =Sphaeria bryoniae FUCKEL =Sphaerella bryoniae AUERSW.; Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita spp., Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Sechium edule (labu siam), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) biji, batang,dau n, buah, media tanam Africa: Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei, China,Taiwan, India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand Europe: Austria, Bulgaria,Czech, Denmark, Rusia, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Samoa America, 261 Dothideomycetes; gummy stem blight, leaf spot of cucurbits, cercospora leafspot of squash, cucumber black rot, cucurbits stem blight, cucurbits leaf spot, cucurbits stem-end rot Australia, Fiji, France Polynesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Pitcairn, Samoa, Solomon Islands,Tonga
71.[a]:Phoma tracheiphila (Petri) L.A. Kantsch. & Gikaschvili

(1948); ( = Deuterophoma tracheiphila Petri (1929) =Bakerophoma tracheiphila (Petri) Cif. (1946) [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; mal secco disease of citrus, wilt of citrus, citrus wilt, citrus mal secco I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Citrusspp. Fortunella, Poncirus buah, akar, batang,biji, Africa: Algeria,Tunisia Asia: Georgia, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Yemen Europe: Albania, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Russia

72.[a]:Phomopsis perceae Serova [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; fruit rot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Persea americana (alpokat, avocado) buah America: USA.
73.[a]:Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.) Sacc. (1915); ( = Phomopsis viticola var. viticola (Sacc.) Sacc. (1919) =Phomopsis ampelopsidis Petr. (1916) [s]:Cryptosporella viticola Shear (1911) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Phomopsis I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Parthenocissus quinquefolia (creeper), Vitis labrusca (fox grape), Vitis rupestris (sand- grape) buah, bunga, daun, batang. Africa: Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela Asia: Brunei Darussalam, China, Taiwan, India, Japan, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, 262 cane and leaf spot; Phomopsis cane and leaf blight; black knot: grapevine; black rot: grapevine; dead-arm: grapevine; necrosis of grapevine Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Jersey, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
74.[a]: Phyllosticta ampelicida (Engelm.) Aa, (1973) [s]:Guignardia bidwellii (Ellis) Viala & Ravaz, (1892); ( =Botryosphaeria bidwellii (Ellis) Petr., (1958); sin: Carlia bidwellii (Ellis) Magnus (1892); Carlia bidwellii (Ellis) Prunet

(1989); Laestadia bidwellii (Ellis) Viala & Ravaz (1888); Phyllachorella bidwellii (Ellis) Theiss., (1919); Physalospora bidwellii (Ellis) Sacc., (1882); Sphaerella bidwellii (Ellis) Ellis (1890); Sphaeria bidwellii Ellis
(1880)Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; black rot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Ampelopsis, Cissus, Parthenocissus, Citrus spp. buah, bunga, daun,batan g,tangkai buah Africa: Morocco, Mozambique, Sudan America: Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, USA Asia: China,Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, North Korea, Pakistan, Philippines, Turkey Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Christmas Island

75.[a]: Phyllosticta arbutifolia Ellis & G. Martin (1886); ( = Phyllosticta arbutifoliae Ellis I: jika MP tidak diproses Malus domesticum (apel, apple) Crataegus sp.,Pyrus coronaria buah, daun America: Canada, USA 263 & G. Martin (1886) =Phyllosticta solitaria Ellis & Everh. (1895) =Phyllostictina solitaria (Ellis & Everh.) [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; apple blotch II. jika MP diproses
76.[a]: Phyllosticta capitalensis Henn. (1908); ( = Phyllosticta cymbidii Sawada

(1943)=Phyllostictina mangiferae Bat. & A.F. Vital 1952 =Phyllosticta anacardiacearum =Phyllosticta ophiopogonis Wulandari, Wikee & Hyde
(2012)=Phyllosticta phalenopsidis Marchal & Verpl. (1927)[1926] =Variant spelling Phyllosticta phalaenopsidis Marchal & Verpl. (1927)[1936] =Phyllosticta phalenopsidis var. vanillae Verpl. & Claess. (1934) =Phyllostictina pyriformis E.K. Cash & A.M.J. Watson
(1955)=Phyllostictina theicola Petr. (1927) =Phyllosticta theacearum Aa I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Orcidaceae (anggrek, orchids) tanaman, daun, tangkai, bunga America: Hawaii 264
(1973)=Macrophoma theicola Siemaszko (1923 - illegitimate later homonym, not included in search] Note: Illegitimate later homonym of Macrophoma theicola Petch 1917). [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; leaf spot

77.[a]:Phyllosticta phaseolinaSacc.(1878) [s]:- Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; leaf spot, fruit blotch, twig canker I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Phaseolus spp. Vanilla sp. tanaman, daun, buah, batang, polong America: Barbados, Jamaica
78.[a]:Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Shear) Hennebert (1973); ( = Ozonium omnivorum Shear

(1907)=Phymatotrichum omnivorum (Shear) Duggar
(1916)=Ozonium auricomum [s]:Hydnum omnivorum Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Pezizomycetes; cotton root rot, root rot of cotton, soft rot of cotton, cotton soft rot, grapevine root rot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Fabaceae, Juglandaceae, Malvaceae, Rosa ceae, Umbelliferae, Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Beta vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beet) Carya illinoinensis, Ficus carica (ara), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Juglans regia, Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Medicago sativa, Phaseolus, Populus,Prunus spp., Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Salix, Ulmus, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) akar, batang, media tanam America: Mexico, USA, Venezuela 265

79.[a]:Plenodomus destruens Harter (1913) [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; foot rot of sweet potato I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato) biji, umbi America: Brazil, Caribbean, USA
80.[a]:Polyscytalum pustulans (M.N. Owen & Wakef.) M.B. Ellis (1976); ( = Oospora pustulans M.N. Owen & Wakef. (1919) [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Polyscytalum; potato skin spot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Solanum spp. umbi Africa: South Africa America: Canada,USA Europe: Estonia, Germany, Ireland, Lithuania, Norway, Romania, Russia, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
81.[a]:Pseudocercospora aleuritis (I. Miyake) Deighton (1976); ( = Cercospora aleuritidis I. Miyake (1912) =Cercosporina aleuritis (Miyake) Sacc. (1931) [s]:Mycosphaerella aleuritis S.H. Ou (1940); ( =Mycosphaerella aleuritidis S.H. Ou (1940) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; angular leaf spot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Aleurites moluccana (kemiri, candle-nut) daun Asia: China Oceania: Tonga, Cook Islands, New Zealand
82.[a]:Pseudocercospora fijiensis (M. Morelet) Deighton

(1976); ( = Cercospora fijiensis M. Morelet (1969) =Paracercospora fijiensis (M. I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Musa spp. (pisang, banana) daun Africa: Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Comoros, DR Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, 266 Morelet) Deighton (1979) =Cercospora fijiensis var. difformis J.L. Mulder & R.H. Stover (1976) =Paracercospora fijiensis var. difformis (J.L. Mulder & R.H. Stover) Deighton
(1979)[s]:Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. Morelet (1969); ( =Mycosphaerella fijiensis var. difformis J.L. Mulder & R.H. Stover (1976) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Black sigatoka Madagascar, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia. America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela. Asia: Bhutan, China (Fujian, Hainan, Taiwan), Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam. Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Federated states of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis, Futuna.

83.[a]:Pyricularia setariae Y. Nisik. (1927); ( = Pyricularia grisea f. sp. eleusines S. Yamanaka=Pyricularia oryzae Cavara,(1891) [s]: Magnaporthe oryzae B.C. I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Setaria italica (foxtail millet) Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl biji, batang, daun, tangkai malai Africa: Tanzania, Uganda Asia: China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka 267 Couch, (2002) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; blast of millet, leaf spot of millet millet), Zea mays (jagung, maize)
84.[a]: Sarocladium strictum (W. Gams) Summerbell (2011); ( =Sarocladium zeae W. Gams & D.R. Sumner, (2011) =Acremonium strictum W.Gams (1971) =Tilachlidium medietatis Novobr, (1972) =Acremonium stricta =Hyalopus acremonium (Corda) M.A.J. Barbosa =Cephalosporium acremonium Corda [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; acremonium wilt, black bundle disease of maize, kernel rot of maize; I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Zea mays (jagung, maize) Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Avena sativa (gandum, oats), Glycine soja, Sorghum bicolor, (sorghum), biji,batang, daun Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Egypt, Libya, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda. America: Mexico, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile. Asia: China, India, Iran, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey. Europe: Czech Republic and Slovakia, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain. Oceania: Australia
85.[a]:Sclerotium gladioli Massee

(1928)[s]:Stromatinia gladioli(Drayton) Whetzel
(1945)( =Sclerotinia gladioli Drayton (1934) Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; gladiolus dry rot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Gladiolus spp. umbi, akar, batang Africa: South Africa Europe: UK 268

86.[a]: Septoria pisiWestend

(1857); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; septoria blight/blotch I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Vicia faba biji, daun, polong America: Canada, USA Europe: Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden Oceania: New Zealand

87.[a]: Septoria selenophomoidesCash & Watson (1955); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; leaf spot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Orchidaceae tanaman, daun, tangkai bunga America
88.[a]: Setophoma terrestris (H.N. Hansen) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley (2010); ( = Phoma terrestris H.N. Hansen

(1929)=Pyrenochaeta terrestris (H.N. Hansen) Gorenz, J.C. Walker & Larson (1948) [s]: - Setophoma; onion pink root I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Allium spp. Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) tanaman, umbi, akar Africa: Senegal America: Argentina,USA, Venezuela Oceania: Australia Europe: Netherlands, Greece, Poland, Israel

89.[a]: Sphaceloma arachidis bitanc & Jenkins (1940); [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; groundnut scab, peanut scab, scab of groundnut, scab: groundnut I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut) batang, daun, Africa: Swaziland America: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia Asia: China, Japan
90.[a]:Sphaceloma manihoticola Bitanc. & Jenkins I: jika MP tidak Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) batang muda, daun America: Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, 269 [s]:Elsinoe brasiliensis Bitanc. & Jenkins 1942(= Elsinoë jatrophae); Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; superelongation disease of cassava, cassava root enlargement diproses II. jika MP diproses Venezuela Oceania: Cook Islands
91.[a]: Sphaceloma rosarum (Pass.) Jenk. 1932 =Phyllosticta rosarum Pass. 1881 [s]: Elsinoe rosa rumJenk. & bitanc; Ascomycetes; kudis, scab I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang, daun, tangkai bunga America: USA.
92.[a]:Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.) Castell. & E.G. Germano (1977); ( = Depazea nodorum Berk.

(1845)=Hendersonia nodorum (Berk.) Petr. (1947) =Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk. (1845) =Septoria glumarum Pass. (1879) =Phoma hennebergii J.G. Kühn (1877) =Macrophoma hennebergii (J.G. Kühn) Berl. & Voglino (1886) =Rhabdospora hennebergii (J.G. Kühn) Sacc. & D. Sacc. (1906) =Stagonospora I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Secale cereale (rye), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley) Agropyron, Bromus inermis, Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne, Triticale biji, daun Africa: Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, USA Asia: Armenia, Bhutan, China,Taiwan, India, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, 270 hennebergii (J.G. Kühn) Petr. & Syd. (1925) =Septoria holci Pass. (1879) [s]:Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müll.) Hedjaroude (1968); ( =Leptosphaeria nodorum E. Müll. (1952) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; glum blotch Netherlands, Norway,Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

93.[a]:Stenocarpella maydis (Berk) B. Sutton (1980); ( =Sphaeria maydis Berk.

(1847)=Diplodia zeae Lév.
(1848)=Diplodia maydis(Berk.) Sacc. (1884) =Diplodia maydicola Speg.
(1910)=Macrodiplodia zeae (Lév.) Petr. & syd. (1923) =Sphaeria zeae Schwein.
(1832)=Hendersonia zeae (Lév.) Hazsl. (1872) =Phaeostagonosporopsis zeae (Lév.) Woron. (1925) =Diplodia zeae-maydis Mekht. (1962) [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; ear rot of maize, leaf spot of maize, stalk rot of maize, seedling blight of I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Zea diploperennis, Zea mays (jagung, maize), Zea mays subsp. mays (sweetcorn) biji, daun, batang, bunga Africa: Congo, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Belize, Honduras, Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador. Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand. Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech, Italy, Serbia-Montenegro, UK. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 271 maize, leaf blight of maize, leaf blight of Sorghum spp., leaf spot of grasses, Diplodia ear and stalk rot, white ear rot of maize

94.[a]:Stilbella flavidum (Cooke) Henn. (1904) [s]:Mycena citricolor (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc.; ( =Omphalopsis citricolor (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Murrill =Omphalia flavida Maubl. & Rangel (1914) =Agaricuscitricolor =Stilbum flavidum Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; American leaf spot of coffee, American: coffee leaf spot, cock's eye spot, iron spot of coffee I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Citrus, Cinchona offiChinalis (kina, quinine tree) Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) buah, daun, batang, bibit, tanaman hasil mikropropa gasi America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana France, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA
95.[a]:Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Percival (1909); =Chrysophlyctis endobioticum Schilb. (1896) =Chrysophlyctis endobiotica Schilb (1896) =Synchytrium solanMassee (1910); [s]: - Chytridiomycota, Chytridiomycetes; black wart of potato, potato black scab, potato wart disease, wart I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Solanum nigrum, Solanum dulcamara, Hyoscyamus niger, Nicandra physalcides, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato) umbi, akar, media tanam Africa: Algeria, South Africa, Tunisia America: Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, Peru, USA, Asia: Armenia, Bhutan, India, Nepal Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium,Czech, Denmark, Estonia,Faroe Islands, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, 272 disease of potato Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: New Zealand
96.[a]:Thanatophytum crocorum (Pers.: Fr.) Nees (1816); ( =Rhizoctonia crocorum (Pers.) DC., (1815); Helminthosporium rhizoctonon Rabenh. (1855); Helminthosporium rhizoctonum Rabenh. (1855); Hypochnus violaceus Erikss.

(1912); Rhizoctonia asparagi Fuckel ex Erikss. (1915); Rhizoctonia asparagi Fuckel, (1870); Rhizoctonia medicaginis DC., (1815); Rhizoctonia rubiae M.J. Decne., (1837); Rhizoctonia violacea f. dauci J.G. Kühn
(1875); Tuber croci Dubois,
(1803); Tuber parasiticum Bull., (1790) [s]:Helicobasidium brebissonii (Desm.) Donk, (1958); ( =Helicobasidium purpureum (Tul.) Pat., (1885) I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Beta vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beetroot) Araucaria cuninghamii, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Morus spp. (murbei, mulberry) umbi, akar, bibit, batang Africa: Algeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, Rhodesia, South Africa, Tanzania, Trinidad, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Barbados, Canada, Colombia, Dominica, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, Philippines, Turkey, Vietnam Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Rusia, Scotland, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 273 Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, Pucciniomycetes; Asparagus officinalis root rot, apple violet root rot, sweet potato, violet root rot

97.[a]:Thecaphora solani(Thirum & M.J. O'Brien) Mordue

(1988); ( =Angiosorus solani Thirum. & M.J. O'Brien
(1974)=Thecaphora solani Barrus (1944); [s]: - Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Ustilaginomycetes; potato smut, thecaphora smut I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) umbi, daun, batang America: Bolivia,Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela

98.[a]:Verticillium cinerescens Wollenw. (1930) [s]: Phialophora cinerescens (Wollenw.) J.F.H. Beyma

(1940); Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Eurotiomycetes; phialophora wilt, vascular wilt of carnation, wilt of carnation I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Dianthus spp. Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Fragaria spp. tanaman, akar,batang , media tanam America: Canada, Colombia, USA Asia: China Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Rusia, Spain, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: New Zealand

99.[a]:Zygophiala jamaicensis E.W.Mason ( =Microbotryum violaceum (Pers.) G. Deml & I: jika MP tidak diproses Citrus, Diospyros, Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Diospyros buah America: USA Asia: China, India,Japan 274 Oberw. =Uredo violacea Pers. =Caeoma violaceum (Pers.) Nees =Uredo antherarum DC. =Ustilago antherarum (DC.) Fr. =Caeoma antherarum (DC.) Schltdl. =Microbotryum antherarum (DC.) Lév. =Erysibe antherarum (DC.) Wallr. =Ustilago silenes- nutantis Liro) [s]:Schizothyrium pomi(Mont.)

v.Arx ( =Leptothyrium porni (Mont.) Arx =Labrella porni Mont. =Asterina gaultheriae M.A. Curtis =Microthyriella paludosa C. Booth) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; greasy blotch, flyspeck, sooty blotch II. jika MP diproses sp. (Malabar ebony)
1. 100.[c]: Aphanomyces euteichesDrechsler (1925); Chromista,Oomycetes; phanomyces root rot, common root rot, root rot I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), polong-polongan lain (legumes) bibit,akar, batang, media tanam America: Canada, USA Asia: China, India,Japan Europe: Czech, Denmark, Finland, Rusia, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
2. 101.[c]:Pachymetra chaunorhiza B.J. Croft & M.W. Dick

(1989)Oomycetes; pachymetra root rot I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) tanaman, akar, media tanam Oceania: Australia 275

102.[c]:Peronospora hyoscyamif.sp.tabacina(D.B. Adam) Skalicky; ( = Peronospora tabacina =Peronospora hyoscyami =Peronospora nicotianae Oomycetes; angular tobacco leaf spot, blue mould of tobacco, downy mildew, tobacco black fire, tobacco blue mould, tobacco wildfire I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine) daun, biji America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Taiwan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Myanmar, Syria, Turkey, Uni Arab Emirat, Yemen, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Spain, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia
103.[c]:Peronospora sparsa Berk.

(1862); ( = Peronoplasmopara sparsa (Berk.) Uljan. (1967) =Pseudoperonospora sparsa (Berk.) Jacz. (1928) I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Punus laurocerasus, Rubus spp. daun, buah, bunga, tanaman hasilmikrop ropagasi, Africa: Egypt America: USA, Canada, Brazil, Colombia Asia: Israel Europe: Finland, Ireland, France, Scandinavia, UK, Russia, Russia 276 =Peronospora rosae-gallicae Savul. & Rayss (1934) =Peronospora sanguisorbae Gäum. (1923) Oomycetes; downy mildew akar, batang Oceania: Australia.

104.[c]:Peronospora viciaef.sppisi(Sydow) Boerema & Verhoeven Oomycetes; pea downy mildew I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Vicia faba biji, buah, bunga, daun, batang Asia: India Europe: Scandinavia
105.[c]:Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff. (1919) Oomycetes; tomato foot rot, damping off, gerbera foot rot, black neck of chrysanthemum, tulip shanking, corm, stem and leaf rot of gloxinia, pink rot of potato, stem rot, root rot, damping-off I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Actinidia chinensis (Chinese gooseberry), Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus), Aster, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Calathea, Calendula officinalis (Pot marigold), Callistephus chinensis (China aster), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Castanea (chestnuts), Celosia argentea (celosia), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Chrysanthemum frutescens (marguerite), Chrysanthemum vestitum, Cichorium (chicory), akar, batang, bibit tanaman, media tanam Africa: Egypt, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Canada, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Korea Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 277 Cichorium intybus (chicory), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Citrus, Clarkia (satin flowers), Consolida ambigua (rocket larkspur), Cotoneaster, Cucumis melo (melon), Cucumis sativus (ketimun, cucumber), Cucurbita (pumpkin), Cucurbita maxima (giant pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata (labu, pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cupressus (cypresses), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), Cyphomandra betacea (tree tomato), Dahlia, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dianthus barbatus (sweet williams), Dianthus caryophyllus (anyelir, carnation), Erica (heaths), Erysimum cheiri (wallflower), Eucalyptus spp., Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Fragaria (strawberry), Gerbera (Barbeton daisy), Gerbera jamesonii (African daisy), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gynura bicolor, Gypsophila paniculata (babysbreath), Hebe, 278 Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Humulus lupulus (hop), Juglans regia (walnut), Juniperus chinensis (Chinese juniper), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Liatris spicata (spike gayfeather), Limonium sinuatum (sea pink), Lupinus spp.,Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Maranta (arrowroot), Matthiola incana (stock), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nasturtium officinale (watercress), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin), Papaver nudicaule (Iceland poppy), Parthenium argentatum (Guayule), Pericallis cruenta (common cineraria), Persea americana (avocado), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Picea (spruces), Pinus (pines), Pinus lambertiana (big pine), Pinus mugo (mountain pine), Pinus nigra (black pine), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Pisum spp., Populus simonii (Simon poplar), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium 279 (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), St.paulia ionantha (African violet), Salvia officinalis (common sage), Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Syzygium samarangense (water apple), Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Pyrethrum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Tulipa (tulip), Vicia villosa, Viola (violet), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zinnia elegans (zinnia)
106.[c]:Phytophthora megakaryaBrasier & M.J. Griffin (1979) Oomycetes; black pod of cocoa, seedling blight of cocoa, trunk canker of cocoa I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) buah, batang Africa: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Togo
107.[c]:Phytophthora megasperma Drechsler 1931; ( = Phytophthora megasperma I: jika MP tidak diproses Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus), Brassica oleracea tanaman, umbi, buah, America: Canada, USA, Argentina, Chile Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, 280 var. megasperma Drechsler 1931 =Pythiomorpha miyabeana S. Ito & Nagai 1931 Oomycetes; root rot, crown rot, trunk canker, collar rot, apoplexy, sudden wilt, fruit rot, stem blight, seed-piece rot, tuber rot, pod rot, black rot, blight, spear rot II. jika MP diproses (cabbages, cauliflowers), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Pe-tsai), Daucus carota (carrot), Juglans regia (walnut), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Malus domestica (apple), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Solanum tuberosum (potato) Aesculus hippocastanum (buckeye), Alcea rosea (Hollyhock), Banksia, Buddleia (Butterflybush), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Castanea sativa (chestnut), Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port Orford cedar), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Cytisus (Broom), Dahlia, Dianthus polong, daun, akar, batang, bibit, bahan perbanyaka n tanaman (hasil mikropropa gasi) Korea Republic of (South Korea), Philippines Europe: Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Spain, UK, Scotland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 281 caryophyllus (carnation), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tree), Matthiola incana (stock), Narcissus (daffodil), Parthenium argentatum (Guayule), Pinus (pines), Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Sorbus aria (whitebeam), Sorbus aucuparia (mountain ash), Vicia faba (broad bean)
108.[c]:Phytophthora phaseoli Thaxt. (1889); ( = Phytophthora infestans var. phaseoli (Thaxt.) Leonian

(1925)Oomycetes; Phaseolus leaf blight, collar rot of lima bean I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Phaseolus lunatus biji, daun,batan g, akar, media tanam Africa: DR Congo America: Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA Asia: Sri Lanka, Philippines Europe: Italy,Rusia

109.[c]: Phytophthora sojaeKaufm & Gerd.;( =P.megasperma var. sojaeHildebr. =Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea T.L. Kuan & Erwin; =Phytophthora.sojae f.sp. glycines); Chromista; Oomycota; Pythiales; Pythiaceae; Phytophthora root and stem rot, root and stem rot of soybean, root and stem rot of soyabean I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean) Lupinus sp. polong, biji, media tanam (tanah), daun, akar, batang, America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, USA Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Mongolia, Pakistan Europe:Bulgaria, France, Italy, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine Oceania:Australia 282
110.[c]: Sclerophthora macrospora(Sacc.) Thirum., C.G. Shaw & Naras; ( =Sclerospora oryzae = Phytophthora macrospora =Sclerospora kriegeriana =Nozemia macrospora =Sclerospora macrospora); Oomycetes; downy mildew; crazy top of maize, yellow wilt of rice, witches' broom on maize I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Avena sativa (oat, oats), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum (wheat), Tritcum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, maize). Bromus inermis (Awnless brome), Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass), Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Eleusine indica (goose grass) Elymus repens (quackgrass) Eragrostis (lovegrasses), Lolium temulentum (darnel), Panicum capillare (tumble panicgrass), Poa (meadow grass), Setaria viridis (green foxtail), Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalograss) media tanam, bunga, daun, akar, batang, biji Africa: Ethiopia, Mauritius,South Africa, Uganda. American: Cuba, Canada, Mexico, USA, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela. Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Pakistan, Syria, Thailand, Turkey. Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, Poland, Serbia- Montenegro, Slovenia, Switzerland. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
111.[c]: Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) J. Schrot (1886); ( =Sclerospora graminicola var. setariae-italicae =Protomyces graminicola =Peronospora graminicola =Peronospora setariae I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Zea mexicana (teosinte) Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Zea mays (maize) bunga, batang, biji, daun Africa: Burkina Faso, Chad, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Gambia, Ghana, Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe 283 =Ustilago urbani); Oomycetes; downy mildew of pearl millet, green ear America: Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, USA, Hawaii, Argentina Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Pakistan, Yemen Europe: Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Russia (Europe), Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Oceania: Fiji
112.[c]:Trachysphaera fructigenaTabor & Bunting

(1923); Oomycetes; cigar end rot of banana, berry rot of coffee, fungus rot of banana, mealy pod of cacao, fruit rot of coffee, pod rot of cacao I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Musaspp. Pyrus, Prunus, Malus and Citrus, Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado) buah, bunga Africa: Cameroon,Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Madagascar, Nigeria, Sierra Leone

113.[r]:Aecidium cantense Arthur

(1929); Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina; Pucciniomycetes; Aecidium potato rust, deforming potato rust, deforming rust, Peruvian rust I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Ullucus tuberosus tanaman,bu nga, buah, batang, daun America: Peru

114.[r]: Armillaria luteobubalina Watling & Kile (1978); I: jika MP tidak Acacia dealbata (acacia bernier), Acacia melanoxylon akar, batang, Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea 284 Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; armillaria root rot; honey root rot diproses II. jika MP diproses (Australian blackwood), Actinidia chinensis (Chinese gooseberry), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Citrus reticulata (jeruk mandarin, mandarin orange), Citrus sinensis (jeruk, navel orange), Cotoneaster, Cycas revoluta (sago cycas), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Malus (ornamental species apple), Melia azedarach (Chinaberry), Nerium oleander (oleander), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Prunus (buah batu, stone fruit), Prunus dulcis (almond), Rhododendron indicum (Satsuki azalea), Salix (willows), Taxus (yew), Viburnum, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) bibit, umbi
115.[r]: Hemileia coffeicolaMaubl & Roger, (1934); ( =Uredo coffeicola); Basidiomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Pucciniomycetes; grey rust of coffee powdery rust of coffee, coffee rust I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) daun Africa: Cameroon, Central Africa, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Togo, Uganda
116.[r]:Phragmidium mucronatum(Pers.) Schlect; ( = Phragmidium disciflorum Basidiomycetes; rust I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) daun, batang Africa: Egypt America: Chile Asia: Japan Europe: Bulgaria, Germany, Italy 285 diproses
117.[r]:Puccinia asparagi DC.

(1805); (=Uredo asparagi Lasch (1848) =Aecidium asparagi Lasch (1848) =Dicaeoma asparagi (DC.) Kuntze (1898) =Persooniella asparagi (DC.) Syd.(1922) =Puccinia discoidearum var. asparagi (DC.) Wallr. (1833) Urediniomycetes; asparagus rust I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus) daun, batang, biji, bibit Africa: Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia America: Canada, Cuba, Dominica, Mexico, USA Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Taiwan, Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Philippines, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norwagia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia

118.[r]:Puccinia coronata Corda

(1837); ( = Puccinia coronata var. bromi W.P. Fraser & Ledingham (1933) =Puccinia coronata var. calamagrostis W.P. Fraser & Ledingham
(1933)=Puccinia coronata var. elaeagni W.P. Fraser & Ledingham (1933) =Puccinia lolii =Puccinia sertata =Puccinia coronata var. lolii =Puccinia coronata var. sertata =Puccinia alpiniae- coronata =Puccinia I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Agrostis capillaris (brown bentgrass), Agrostis gigantea (black bent), Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bentgrass), Alopecurus aequalis (Dent foxtail), Arrhenatherum elatius (false oatgrass), Avena sativa (oats), Bromus erectus (upright brome(grass)), Bromus tectorum (downy brome), Calamagrostis epigejos, Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue), Festuca ovina (sheeps fescue), Festuca pratensis (English bluegrass), bunga, daun, batang Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Tanzania America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay Asia: India, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Corsica, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, 286 mediterranea =Puccinia coronata f. holci =Puccinia coronata var. calamagrosteos =Aecidium alaterni =Aecidium cathartici =Aecidium frangulae =Aecidium rhamni =Aecidium rhamni-alipnae =Aecidium rhamni- infectoriae =Puccinia coronata var. intermedia =Puccinia pumilae-coronata =Puccinia alpinae-coronata =Puccinia coronata var. avenae); Urediniomycetes; crown rust, crown rust of oat, oat crown rust, leaf rust of oats Festuca rubra (red fescue), Lolium rigidum (rigid ryegrass), Phalaris canariensis (Canarygrass), Phleum pratense (timothy), Secale cereale (rye), Trisetum flavescens (yellow oatgrass) Rhamnus caroliniana (Carolina buckthorn), Rhamnus cathartica (buckthorn), Rhamnus frangula (alder buckthorn), turfgrasses Romania, Russia, Serbia- Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, Canary Islands, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand

119.[r]: Sphenospora saphenaCummins; Basidiomycetes; rust I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Oncydium orchids daun, tangkai America: USA
120.[r]:Uredo nigropunctaHenn.

(1896); ( =Uredo guacae Mayor (1913) =Uredo behnickiana Henn. (1896) =Uredo epidendri Henn =Uredo nigropuncta Henn) Basidiomycetes; rust I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Orchidaceae, Cattleya sp, Epidendrum sp. daun, tangkai America: Argentina, USA, Nicaragua, Bahama, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba. 287 VII. BAKTERI (BACTERIA) DAN FITOPLASMA (PHYTOPLASMA) No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME GOLONGA N/ GROUP INANG/ HOST MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAY DAERAH SEBAR/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

1.Acetobacter aceti (Pasteur, 1864) Beijerinck 1989 (= Bacterium aceti Beij, Mycoderma aceti Pasteur) pink disease of pineapple I Ananas comosus (nanas, pineapple), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Pyrus communis (European pear) buah America: USA Asia: Philippines Oceania: Australia
2.Acidovorax citrulli(Manns) Willems et al (=Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli(Manns) Willems et al.=Pseudomonas avenae subsp. citrulli = P.pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli); Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae; busuk buah, fruit blotch, fruit rot I Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, pumpkin), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber) biji, daun, buah, batang, bibit America: USA, Brazil, Costarica Asia: Turkey, China, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand Oceania: Australia, Guam, Northern Mariana Island
3.Burkholderia andropogonis (Smith) Gilliset al.; (=Aplanobacter stizolobii =Bacterium andropogonis =B.stizolobii =B.woodsii =Phytobacterium andropogonis =P.Stizolobii =P.woodsii =Phytomonas andropogonis =P.stizolobii =P.woodsii =Pseudomonas andropogonis =P.andropogonis pv. Stizolobii I Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Dianthus spp. (anyelir, carnation), Bougainvillea spp. (bogenvil, bougenville), Trifolium repens (white clover), Vicia sativa (common vetch), Ceratonia siliqua (locust bean), Cicer bunga, tunas, jaringan meristem, tanaman hasil mikropropagasi, bibit Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritania, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: China, Hongkong, Iraq, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines, 288 =P.stizolobii =P.woodsii); Burkhoderiales: Burkholderiacea; bacterialstripe, striping arietinum (chick paea), Gypsophila paniculata (baby’s breath), Limonium sinuatum (sea pink), Ruscus, Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Trifolium subterraneum (subterraneum clover), Tulipa (tulip), Vaccinium (blueberries), Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), Dypsis lutescens (golden cane palm) Thailand, Taiwan Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Polandia, Portugal, Russia, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, Federasi Micronesia, New Zealand.
4.Burkholderia gladioliYabuuchi et al.; (=Pseudomonas gladioli); Burkholderiales: Burkholderiacea;spot of orchids; soft rot of orchids; bacterial crown rot of lisianthus; busuk umbi I Gladiolus spp., Asplenium nidus (bird's nest fern), Crocus sativus (saffron), Eustoma grandiflorum (Lisianthus (cut flower crop), Orchidaceae (orchids), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass). umbi, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buahdan media tanam Africa: Algeria. America: USA Asia: China, Japan.
5.Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis(Vidaver & Mandel) Davis et al.; (=Corynebacterium michiganense pv. nebraskensis =C.michiganense subsp. nebraskense =C.nebraskense);Actynomyceta les: Microbacteriaceae;bacterial stripe, freckles and wilt I Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass), Zea mexicana (teosinte) Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Echinochloa crus- galli (barnyard grass) biji, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah, bibit, tanaman hasil mikropropagasi America: USA, Canada 289
6.Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus(Spieckerma nn & Kotthoff) Davis et al.; (=Aplanobacter sepedonicus =Bacterium sepedonicum =Corynebacterium michiganense pv. sepedonicum =C. michiganense subsp. sepedonicum =C.sepedonicum =Mycobacterium sepedonicum =Phytomonas sepedonica =Pseudobacterium sepedonicum); Actynomycetales: Microbacteriaceae; bacterial ring rot I Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (currant tomato) umbi, biji, media tanam, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah, tanah, bibit, tanaman hasil mikropropagasi Africa: Algeria America: Canada, USA, Venezuela, Mexico, Costa Rica, Haiti, Panama, Peru Asia: Afganistan, Cambodia, China, Israel, Taiwan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Asia Tenggara Europe: Austria, Belarus, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Crete, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Siberia, Sweden, Ukraine, Belgia, Bulgaria, Hungaria, Irlandia, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom
7.Curtobacterium flaccumfacienspv.flaccumfacien s (Hedges) Collins & Jones; (=Bacterium flaccumfaciens = Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens =C.flaccumfaciens =C.flaccumfaciens ssp. I Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), biji, buah, batang, bibit, tanaman hasil mikropropagasi (planlet) Africa: Mauritius, Tunisia, Kenya America: Brazil, Colombia, USA, Venezuela, Canada, Mexico Asia: Turkey Europe: Romania, Russia, Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherland, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, 290 flaccumfaciens =Phytomonas flaccumfaciens =Pseudomonas flaccumfaciens); Actynomycetales: Microbacteriaceae; bacterial wilt Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Zornia.spp., Ipomoea (morning glory), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean) Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Yugoslavia Oceania: Australia
8.Dickeya chrysanthemi. (= Erwinia chrysanthemi (Bulkholder, Mc. Fadden & Dimock); =Erwinia carotovora f.sp. parthenii =E.carotovora f.sp. zeae =E.carotovora var. chrysanthemi =E.dieffenbachiae =E.maydis =E.paradisiaca=Pectobacterium carotovorum f. sp. chrysanthemi =P.carotovorum var. chrysanthemi =P.carotovorum var. graminarum =P.chrysanthemi=P.chrysanthe mi pv. zeae =P.parthenii- dianthicola); Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae; busuk kaki, bacterial wilt, bacterial soft rot I Chrysanthemum spp., Araceae, Aglaonema, Aloe vera (lidah buaya), Allium spp. (bawang-bawangan), Begonia, Brachiaria, Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis (kol bunga, cauliflower), Dieffenbachia, Dianthus, Dracaena marginata, Elettaria cardamomum, Pelargonium zonale hybrids, Petunia hybridaPhilodendron, Anggrek Vanda, Phalaenopsis. Aglaonema commutatum, Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Apium graveolens (seladeri, celery), Brachiaria mutica, Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell- pepper), Dieffenbachiamaculata, Dianthus spp., Lycopersicum esculentum umbi, batang, daun, media tanam (tanah) Africa: Algeria, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Morocco, Reunion, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe, America: Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, United States of America, Venezuela Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Japan, Korea Dem. People's Republic, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom (England, Scotland). Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, 291 (tomat, tomato), Panicum maximum, Pennisetum purpureum, Philodendron spp., Aechmea fasciata, Anemone, Celosia argentea, Cichorium endivia (andewi, endevi), Cichorium intybus, Canna, Consolida ambigua, Cucumis melo (melun, melon), Colocasia esculenta (taleus, taro), Cynara scolimus (artichoke), Cyclamen, Dahlia pinnata, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Euphorbia pulcherrima, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hyacinthus, Imperata cylindrica (alang- alang, bedding grass), Ipomoea batatas (ubi rambat, sweet potato), Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce) Medicago sativa, Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Musa textilis, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy ), Paspalum, Parthenium argentatum, Phalaenopsis sp.Pyrus communis, Solomon Islands 292 Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sedum spectabile, Saintpaulia ionantha, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant) Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sweet potato, Syngonium podophyllum, Tagetes patula (French marigold)Tulip spp., Xanthosoma caracu, Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize)
9.Dickeya dadantii;Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae;bacterial wilt and soft rot of ornamentals and potato I Pelargonium sp., Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Ananas comosus (nanas, pineapple), Dianthus spp., Euphorbia sp., Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Musa sp. (pisang, banana), Zea mays (jagung, maize), Philodendron sp., Sintpaulia sp. umbi, batang, daun, media tanam (tanah) Asia: China, America: USA, Honduras, Puerto Rico, Europe: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom
10.Dickeya dianthicola;Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae; slow wilt I Dianthus spp, Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solanum umbi, batang, daun, media tanam (tanah) Asia: Japan, America: USA, Europe: Belgium, Denmark, 293 of Dianthus and potato lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Cichorium sp. (Chicory), Cynara sp. (Artichoke), Dahlia sp., Hyacinthus sp., Iris sp., Kalanchoe sp. Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Jersey, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Oceania: New Zealand
11.Dickeya dieffenbachiae;Enterobacteriale s: Enterobacteriaceae I Dieffenbachiae sp., Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato) umbi, batang, daun, media tanam (tanah) Asia: China, America: USA, Honduras, Puerto Rico, Europe: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom
12.Dickeya paradisiacal;Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae I Musa sp. (pisang, banana) umbi, batang, daun, media tanam (tanah) America: Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela Oceania: Papua New Guinea
13.Dickeya solani;Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae I Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) umbi, batang, daun, media tanam (tanah) Europe: Belgium, Finland, France, Poland, Netherlands, Spain) Africa: Israel
14.Dickeya zeae;Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae I Zea mays (jagung, Maize), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Ananas comosus (nanas, pineapple), Musa sp. (pisang, banana), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, rice), Brachiaria sp, Chrysanthemum sp. umbi, batang, daun, media tanam (tanah) Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, Korea Dpr, Korea Republic Of, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Africa: Comoros, Egypt, Mauritius, Réunion, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe, America: Usa, Costa Rica, Cuba, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Europe: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Russian Federation, Spain, 294 Switzerland, United Kingdom, Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, New Zealand
15.Erwinia amylovora (Burrill); (=Bacillus amylovorus =Bacterium amylovorum =Erwinia amylovora f.sp. rubi =Micrococcus amylovorus); Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae, fire blight I Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Prunus dulcis (almon, almond), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Amelanchier spp., Cydonia oblonga, Rubusspp., Sorbusspp. tunas, tanaman hasil mikropropagasi(pl anlet), buah, bunga, daun, batang Bibit, kayu Africa: Egypt, Algeria, Morocco America: Bermuda, Guatemala, Mexico, USA, Canada Asia: Armenia, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Libanon, Turkey, Azerbajian, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Vietnam, Asia Tenggara (South-east Asia) Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. Oceania: New Zealand
16.Erwinia rhapontici (=Pectobacterium rhapontici (Millard 1924) Patel & Kulkarni 1951 =Erwinia carotovora var. rhapontici =Aplanobacter rhapontici = Bacillus rhapontici =Bacterium rhapontici I Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), Triticum (wheat), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Beta vulgaris var. biji, umbi lapis, buah, bibit, batang, akar, planlet, media tanam, tuber, corms, rhizome America: North America (Canada), Mexico, USA Asia: Iran, Israel, Jepan, Korea, Malaysia Europe: Belgium, Czech Republic and Slovakia, France, Italy (Sardinia), Lithuania, Netherlands, 295 =Phytomonas rhapontici =Pseudobacterium rhapontici = Xanthomonas rhapontici); Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; rhubarb crown rot; wheat pink seed; cereal pink grain saccharifera (sugarbeet), Cichorium (chicory), Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Dianthus (carnation), Hippeastrum, Hyacinthus orientalis (hyacinth), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Morus (mulberrytree), Morus alba (mora), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Pyrus (pir, pears), Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) Norway, Poland, Ukraine, UK (England, Wales) Oceania: Australia
17.Erwinia tracheiphila (Holland) Smith; (=Bacillus tracheiphilus Smith =Bacillus tracheiphilus f.sp. cucumis =Bacterium tracheiphilum =Erwinia amylovora var. tracheiphila); Enterobacteriales: Entero bacteriaceae; bacterial wilt I Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), labu, Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, pumpkin), Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), Cucurbitaceae lainnya bunga, daun, akar, batang, bibit, tanaman hasil mikropropagasis Vektor: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Acalymma vittata Africa: DR Congo, South Africa, America: Canada, Honduras, Peru, USA, New Mexico Asia: China, Iraq, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Iran, Taiwan Europe: Czech, Slovakia, Lithuania, Russia. Oceania: Australia.
18.Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans(=Pseudomona s rubrisubalbicansNorth. & Smith; (=Bacterium rubrisubalbicans = =Phytomonas I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, daun, batang Africa: Angola, Benin, Central Africa, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, Réunion, South Africa, Tanzania, Burundi, Cote d’Ivore, Togo America: Barbados, Brazil, 296 rubrisubalbicans=Xanthomonas rubrisubalbicans); Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; mottled stripe, bacterialstripe sorghum), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) Colombia, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela, Cuba, Panama Asia: Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Thailand Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand
19.Pantoea agglomerans(=Bacterium herbicola =B.typhiflavum =Corynebacterium beticola =Enterobacter agglomerans =E.agglomeranspv. millettiae =Erwinia herbicola =E.herbicola pv. millettiae=E.lathyri =E.mangiferae =E.millettiae =E. vitivora =Flavobacterium herbicola =F.rhenanum =F.trifolii =Kurthia baccarinii =Pantoea agglomerans pv. millettiae =Phytomonas itoana =Pseudomonas herbicola =P.itoana =P.trifolii=Xanthomonas cosmosicola =X.indica =X.itoana =X.maydis =X.penniseti =X. rubrisorghi =X.tagetis=X.translucens f.sp. oryzae =X.trifolii); Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae; bacterial I Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Allium spp. (bawang-bawangan), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Malus sylvestris (apel, apple), Pyrus communis (pir, pear) Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Impatiens balsamina, Lathyrus odoratus, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy ), Setaria italica, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Carthamus buah, polong, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa: Egypt, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gabon, Madagaskar, Mali, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, Togo, Tunisia America: Barbados, Cuba, USA, Costarica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Mexico, Colombia, Bolivia, Equador, Venezuela Asia: Israel, Japan, Saudi Arabia., Bangladesh, Kambodia, China, India, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philipine, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam Europe: France, Germany, Poland, Spain, UK., Italy, Moldova, Poland Oceania: New Zealand., Australia 297 grapevine blight, bacterial riceblight, pink disease of pineapple tinctorius, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Hordeum vulgare, Morus, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato)
20.Pantoea ananatis (Serrano, 1928), Mergaert, 1931 (= Pectobacterium ananas (Serrano) Patel & Kulkarni =Pantoea ananatis pv. ananatis (Serrano) Mergaert et al.= Erwinia uredovora Pon et al.=Pantoea ananatis pv. uredovora (Pon et al.) Mergaert etal. = Bacillus ananas Serrano =Bacterium ananas (Serrano) Burgvits =Chromobacterium ananas (Serrano) Krasil'nikov =Erwinia herbicola var. ananas (Serrano) Dye= Pectobacterium ananas (Serrano) Patel & Kulkarni =Erwinia ananas pv. uredovora (Pon et al.) Dye = Erwinia urediniolytica Borders =Xanthomonas uredovora I Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, Onion), Eucalyptus grandis (saligna gum), Eucalyptus nitens (shining gum) Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) tunas, buah, biji, batang, daun, tanaman hasil mikropropagasi (planlet) Africa: Nigeria, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Brazil, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela, New York, Argentina Asia: China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Philippines, India, Japan. Eropa: Polandia Oceania: Australia 298 =Pantoea ananas pv. ananas (Serrano) Mergaert et al. =Pantoea ananas pv. uredovora (Pon et al.) comb. Nov; Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae
21.Pectobacterium aroidearum;Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae I Zantedeschia aethiopica (lilium, calla lily, arum lily) umbi, daun, akar, batang, tanah Africa: South Africa
22.Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Van Hall) Jennison; (=Erwinia caricae =Bacillus atrosepticus = Bacillus melanogenes =B.phytophthorus =Bacterium atrosepticum =B.carotovorum =B.carotovorum pv atrosepticum =B.melanogenum =B.phytophthorum =Erwinia carotovora =E.carotovora pv. atroseptica =E.dahliae =E.melonis =E.papayae =E.phytophthora =E.phytophthorus =Pectobacterium atrosepticum =P.carotovorum =P.carotovorum pv atrosepticum =P.carotovorum pv carotovorum =P.phytophthorum =Erwinia atroseptica =E.carotovora var. atroseptica); Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae;blackleg I Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia) Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Brassicaceae, Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Iris spp., Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Nicotiana tabacum umbi, daun, akar, batang, tanah. Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia., Yugoslavia Asia: Azerbaijan, Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Libanon, Philippines, Turkey, Vietnam. Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, French West 299 (tembakau, tobacco), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Consolida ambigua (rocket larkspur), Cyphomandra betacea (tree tomato), Datura stramonium (jimson weed), Phaseouls vulgaris (common bean), Saccarum offiicinarum (sugarcane), Saintpaulia (African violet), Solanaceae, Iris (Irises), Lupinus (Lupin), Nicotiana glauca ( Tree tobacco), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru) Indies, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Peru, St. Lucia, Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad, Tobago, USA., Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
23.Pectobacterium betavasculorum (= Erwinia carotovora subsp. Betavasculorum; =Erwinia betavasculorum); Enterobacteriace; sugarbeet rot I Beta vulgaris var. Sacharifera (Sugarbeet), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, Potato) akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah America: USA
24.Pectobacterium cacticida;Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae I Opuntia spp. (Kaktus, cactus, cacti) umbi, daun, akar, batang, tanah America: USA, Columbia, Guatemala 300
25.Pectobacterium wasabiae;Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae I Eutrema wasabi (Wasabi), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) umbi, daun, akar, batang, tanah Asia: Japan, Malaysia America: Canada
26.Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Burkholder)Gardan et al.(= Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola =Pseudomonas phaseolicola = Pseudomonas medicaginis = Pseudomonas medicaginis var. phaseolicola =Bacterium medicaginis var. phaseolicola = Phytomonas medicaginis var. phaseolicola =Phytomonas puerariae = Pseudomonas medicaginis f.sp. phaseolicola = Xanthomonas medicaginis var. phaseolicola = Pseudomonas vignae = Phytomonas vignae = Bacterium puerariae = Xanthomonas phaseolicola = Pseudomonas cerasi (=cerasus) = Pseudomonas holci) ; I Phaseolus acutifolius (tepary bean), Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean) Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Centrosema, Desmodium (tick clovers), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Pueraria var. lobata (kudzu), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mung bean), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea) Buah, polong, titik tumbuh, daun, biji, batang, bibit, bunga Africa: Burundi, DR Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius (Rodriguez Island), Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Rwanda, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Central America & Caribbiean (Barbados, Costa Rica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), North America (Canada), Mexico, USA, Hawaii, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Suriname, Asia: Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turki, Yaman 301 Pseudomonadales; Pseudomonadaceae; halo blight (of beans); grease spot (of beans) Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Frence, Germany, Greece, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jersey, Lithuaina, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia (Russia (Europe), Spain, Sweeden, Switzerland, UK (Channel Islands) Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand
27.Pseudomonas syringaepv. morsprunorum(Wormald) Young et al. (=Pseudomonas mors- prunorum = Agrobacterium mors-prunorum = Bacterium mors-prunorum = Phytomonas mors-prunorum; Pseudomonadales; Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial canker of stone fruits;spot of stone fruits; shoot wilt of stone fruits; gummosis; blossom blast I Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum) Prunus cerasus (sour cherry) buah, bunga, daun, batang, kayu, dan kulit kayu Africa: South Africa America: North America (Canada), USA Asia: India, Japan, Libanon Eroupe: Czech Republic, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, French, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Serbia and Montenegro, Ukraine, UK, Switzerland Oceania: Australia 302
28.Pseudomonas syringae pv. passiflorae (= Pseudomonas passiflora (Reid) Young et al.); Phytobacterium passiflorae (Reid) Magrou & Prévot; Phytomonas passiflorae Reid; Pseudomonas passiflorae (Reid) Burkholder); grease spot of passion fruit; necrotic spots I Passiflora (passionflower), Passiflora edulis (markisa, passionfruit) daun, buah, batang Africa: South Africa America: Dominica Oceania: Australia dan New Zeland
29.Pseudomonas syringaepv.coriandricolaToben & Rudolph; Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae;blight, bacterial blight I Coriandrum sativum (ketumbar, coriander), Petroselinum crispum (Parsley ) biji, bibit,, batang, daun. America: Ohio Asia: India Europe: Germany, Spain Oceania: Australia
30.Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae Teix. & Pinh.; (=P. garcae); Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae;bacterialsp ot, bacterial blight of coffee I Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee). Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Citrus sp.(jeruk, orange) Tanaman hasil mikropropagasi (planlet), bibit Africa: Kenya America: Brazil
31.Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola(McCulloch) Young et al.; (=Bacterium maccullochianum = B.maculicola =B.maculicola var. japonicum =Phytomonas maculicola =Pseudomonas maculicola); Pseudomonadales: I Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassica rapa gongylodes (kohlrabi), Brassica rapa sub sp. rapa (turnip, turnip), Brassica juncea var. juncea, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleracea var. viridis, Brassica batang, daun, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa: Algeria, Algeria, Mauritius, Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, Karibia, Cuba, El Salvador, North America, Puerto Rico, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, 303 Pseudomonadaceae; pepper spot, spot oleracea var. gemmifera, Brassica rapa sub sp. pekinensis, Raphanus sativus (lobak,radish), Brassica oleracea var.botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli) Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, USA, Canada Asia: China, Georgia (Republic), Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Turkey, Taiwan Europe: Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Rusia, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Yugoslavia Oceania: Australia, Palau, Micronesia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
32.Pseudomonas syringaepv.pisi (=Bacterium pisi= Chlorobacter pisi =Phytomonas pisi =Pseudomonas pisi); Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial pea blight I Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Lathyrus, Pisum sativum var. arvense Vicia benghalensis, Lablab purpureus, Lathyrus latifolius, Lathyrus odoratus, Vicia spp., Cynodon dactylon, Galium aparine, Reseda lutea, Digitaria sanguinalis, Lepidium campestre, Vicia (vetch) planlet, buah, bunga, daun, tanaman, batang, biji. Africa: Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, USA, Uruguay Asia: Armenia, Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Libanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Syria Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Caldarera, 304 Sicily, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Southern Rusia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK (England, Wales), Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Yugoslavia, Spain Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand
33.Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae( van Hall) Young et al.; (=Bacillus cerasi =B.gummis =B.matthiolae =B.spongiosus =Bacterium cerasi =B.cerasi var. prunicola =B.citrarefaciens =B.citriputeale =B.gummis =B.hibisci =B.holci = B.nectalaphilum =B.prunicola =B.rimaefaciens =B.spongiosum =B.syringae =B.trifoliorum =B.utiformica =B.vignae =B.vignae var. leguminophilum =B.viridifaciens =Chlorobacter syringae =Phytomonas cerasi =P.cerasi var. prunicola =P.citrarefaciens =P.citriputealis =P.hibisci =P.holci =P.matthiolae =P.nectalaphila =P.prunicola =P.rimaefaciens =P.spongiosa =P.syringae=P.trifoliorum =P.utiformica =P.vignae I Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, pumpkin), Cyphomandra betacea (tree tomato), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Prunus avium (Sweet Cherry), Pyrus (pir, pear), Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Prunus spp., Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), Syringa vulgaris, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Aconitum spp., Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Vernicia fordii, Allium spp., Alnus glutinosa, Arbutus spp., Aralia spp., Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, kiwi fruit), Atriplex hortensis, Beta vulgaris var saccharifera biji, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah, media tanam Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, America: Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Libanon, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Europe: Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, 305 =P.vignae var. leguminophila =P.viridifaciens =Pseudomonas cerasi=Pseudomonas cerasi f.sp. pyri =P.cerasi var. prunicola =P.cerasi var. pyri =P.citrarefaciens =P. citriputealis =P.hibisci =P.oryzicola =P.prunicola=P.spongiosa =P.syringae =P.syringae f.sp. prunicola (Wormald) =P.trifoliorum =P.utiformica =P.vignae =P.vignae var. leguminophila =P.viridifaciens =P.syringae pv. japonica);Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial canker or blast (stone and pome fruits), bacterial brown spot (beans), apoplexy of apricots, bacterial black spot, bacterial eye spot, bacterialspot, bacterial sheath rot, blast of Citrus, blister spot of apple, peach-tree short-life, pear blossom blight (bit gula, sugar beet), Betula pendula, Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (pe- tsai), Carthamus tinctorius, Centaurea maculosa, Erysimum cheiri, Chrysanthemum indicum, Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Cinnamomum camphora, Calystegia sepium, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita, Cydonia oblonga, Cyphomandra betacea, Dahlia pinnata, Daphne odora, Desmodium spp., Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Echinochloa crusgalli, Fortunella spp., Forsythia intermedia, Fragaria vesca, Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Hibiscus spp., Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Impatiens balsamina, Juglans regia, Lactuca sativa, Lablab purpureus, Ligustrum Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 306 ovalifolium, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Magnolia spp., Medicago sativa, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Matthiola incana, Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Mucuna deeringiana, Nerium oleander, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Panicum spp., Passiflora quadrangularis (markisa, passion- fruit, granadilla), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Pennisetum spp., Philadelphus, Vigna angularis, Phaseolus spp., Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Piper nigrum (lada, blackpepper), Pinus radiata, Populus spp., Quercus spp., Rhododendron, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus ursinus, Salix spp., Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum spp., Trifolium spp., Trigonella foenum-graecum, Triticum 307 aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vaccinium sp., Vicia faba, Vicia villosa, Vigna cylindrica, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize). Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Panax ginseng (Asiatic ginseng)
34.Pseudomonas syringaepv.theae (Hori) Young et al. ; (=Bacillus theae =Erwinia theae =Innominatus theae =Pseudomonas theae);Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; shoot blight, bacterial stem blight, bacterial tea blight, red blight, tea bacterialspot I Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) daun, batang yang muda akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah Asia: Japan
35.Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder); (= Bacterium viridiflavum = Chlorobacter viridiflavus = Phytomonas viridiflava);Pseudomonadales; Pseudomonadaceae;bacterialbli ght of tomato; Hydrangea bud blight; bacterialnecrosis of basil; bacterial rot of lettuce; bacterial rot of Chinese cabbage; bacterial soft rot of tomato; bacterial blossom blight of kiwi I Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, kiwifruit), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Anethum graveolens (dill), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Apium graveolens var. dulce (celery), Brassica spp., Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell pepper), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, biji, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah, media tanam, bibit, tanaman hasil mikropropagasi Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, Tanzania, Uganda, Algeria America: USA, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Uruguay Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Nepal, Turkey, Saudi Arabia Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, 308 labu parang, pumpkin), Hydrangea (hydrangeas), Solanum lycopersicon (tomat, tomato) Actinidia chinensis (Chinese gooseberry), Allium fistulosum (Welsh onion), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Calendulaofficinalis (Pot marigold), Capsicum frutescens (cabai rawit, chilli), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Chrysanthemum indicum (krisan, chrysanthemum), Cichorium endivia (endives), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus macrophylla (alemow), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Eschscholzia californica (california poppy), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Eutrema wasabi (Wasabi), Forsythia Portugal, Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Yugoslavia, Russia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 309 suspensa, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Lotus corniculatus (bird's- foot trefoil), Lupinus angustifolius (lupin), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Papaver (poppies), Papaver nudicaule (Iceland poppy), Passiflora edulis (passionfruit), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Pseudopanax, Pyruscommunis (European pear), Rosa (mawar, roses), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass), Tanacetum coccineum (common pyrethrum), 310 Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Tropaeolum majus (common nasturtium), Vacciniumcorymbosum (blueberry), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna unguiculata (kacang panjang, cowpea), Viola (violet), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, maize,corn), Zinnia elegans (zinnia)
36.Rathayibacter tritici(Hutchinson) Zgurskaya et al.; (=Clavibacter tritici =Corynebacterium michiganense pv. tritici =C.tritici =Agrobacterium tritici =Bacterium tritici =Phytomonas tritici =P.tritici =Pseudomonas tritici); Actynomycetales: Microbacteriaceae; spike blight, tundu disease, yellow ear rot, yellow slime disease, yellow spike I Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Triticum dicoccum, Triticum turgidum (durum wheat) Alopecurus (foxtails), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Lolium temulentum (darnel) biji, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah, tanah, media tanam Vektor: Tylenchida, Anguinidae: Anguina tritici Africa: Egypt:, Ethiopia, Zambia, Marocco. Asia: Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan Europe: Cyprus Oceania: Australia
37.Rhizobium vitis(Ophel & Kerr) Young et al. ; (=Agrobacterium biovar 3 =A.tumefaciens biovar 3 = A. vitis); Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae; crown gall I Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) daun, planlet, akar, batang, biji, tanah, media tanam. Africa: Tunisia America: Brazil, Canada, USA Asia: Afghanistan, China, Japan, Jordan, Korea Europe: France, Greece, Hungary, Spain 311 Oceania: Australia
38.Rhodococcus fascians (Zopt.) Tsunukura; (=Bacterium fascians =Phytomonas fascians =Pseudobacterium fascians =Rhodococcus rubropertinctus =Corynebacterium fascians;Actinomycetales: Nocardiaceae; witches' broom syndrome, ornamental cauliflower disease, strawberry cauliflower disease, strawberry fasciation, tobacco leafy gall, leafy gall, fasciation I Asparagus densiflorus, Begonia tuberhybrida, Erysimum cheiri, Chrysanthemum spp., Cucumis melo (melon), Dahlia pinnata, Dianthus caryophyllus, Fragaria vesca (arbei, wild strawberry), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Freesia spp., Gloriosa spp., Lilium spp., Lathyrus odoratus, Pelargonium zonale, Triteleia spp., Brassica oleracea var botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brodiaea, Euphorbia, Fragaria, Hebe, Kalanchoe, Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Erysimum cheiri (wallflower), Chamaemelum nobile, Antirrhinum majus, Beta vulgaris (bit, beet root), Beloperone, Brassica spp., Buddleia davidii, Cichorium intybus, Cicer arietinum, daun, planlet, akar, batang, biji, tanah, umbi lapis, umbi (tuber), corms, rhizomes, bibit Vektor: Hemiptera, Aphididae: Myzus persicae, M. ascalonicus Africa: Egypt: America: Canada, Colombia, Mexico, USA, Guatemala Asia: India, Iran, Israel Europe: Belgium, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Poland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 312 Consolida ambigua, Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Crysanthemum vestitum, Casuarina equisetifolia, Dactura inosia, Dianthus barbatus, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Erysimum allionii, Forsythia suspensa, Gladiolus hybrids, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gypsophila paniculata, Hebe andersonii hybrids, Hyasinthus, Impatiens walleriana, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Pelargonium, Rhododendron (Azela), Mesembryanthemum, Muscari botryoides, Nicotiana, Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus spp., Physalis spp., Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Phlox spp., azalea, Spinacia oleracea, Tagetes spp., Tropaeolum majus, Triteleia laxa, Tulip, Viburnum opulus, Vicia faba, Sorbaria sorbifolia
39.Spiroplasma citri (Saglio et. al).; Entomoplasmatales: I Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet bibit Europe: Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Spain. 313 Spiroplasmataceae; stubborn disease pea), Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia faba, Vinca rosea Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Citrus reticulata x paradisi (tangelo), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops), Capsella bursa- pastoris (shepherd's purse), Chenopodiaceae, Citroncirus webberi (citrange), Citrus jambhiri (rough lemon), Citruslimettioides (palestine sweet lime), Citrus limonia (mandarin lime), Citrus madurensis (calamondin), Citrus maxima (pummelo), Citrus unshiu (satsuma), Digitalis purpurea (foxglove), Fortunella (kumquats), Plantaginaceae, Plantago ovata (spogel plantain), Raphanus raphanistrum Vektor: Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Circulifer tenellus, Scaphytopius nitrides, S. acutus delongi, Neoaliturus haematoceps. Asia: Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Madagascar, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia. America: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Suriname, USA, Venezuela. Oceania: New Zealand. 314 (wild radish), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass)
40.Spiroplasma kunkelii (Whitcomb) Chen et al.; Entomoplasmatales: spiroplasmataceae; corn stunt disease, corn stunt spiroplasma, maize stunt spiroplasma, Rio Grande corn stunt I Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Zea mays subsp. mays (jagung manis, sweetcorn). Zea mexicana (teosinte), Zea perennis daun, batang, akar Vektor: Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Dalbulus maydis, D. eliminatus, Exitianus exitiosus, Graminella nigrifons, Stirellus bicolor America: Bolivia, Brazil, El Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, USA, Venezuela, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Argentina
41.Streptomyces ipomoeae(Person & Martin) Waksman & Henrici; (=Actinomyces ipomoeae); Actinomycetales: Streptomycetaceae; Streptomycetes soil rot (pox), soil rot, ground rot, sweet potato soft rot, sweet potato soil rot, sweet potato pox I Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato) Ipomoea spp. umbi (tuber/ corm/ rhizome), planlet, akar, tanah, media tanam, bibit America: USA Asia: Japan, Vietnam
42.Tatumella citrea (= Pantoea citrea = Erwinia citreus Sonoyama et al., 1988 pink fruit, pink disease of pineapple. I Ananas comosus (nanas, pineapple) Citrus reticulata (jeruk mandarin, mandarin orange) buah, polong Africa:Tanzania America: Mexico, USA Asia: Japan, Philippines, Taiwan Europe: Albania, Czech Republic Oceania: Australia
43.Xanthomonas arboricola pv. I Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, buah, daun, Africa: South Africa, Zimbabwe 315 pruni(Smith) Vauterin, Hoste, Kersters & Swings (=Xanthomonas pruni = Bacillus pruni = Bacterium cerasi wraggi = Bacterium pruni = Phytomonas cerasi wraggi = Phytomonas pruni = Pseudomonas cerasi wraggi = Pseudomonas pruni = Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni; Xanthomonadales; Xanthomonadaceae; bacterial canker of stone fruit; bacterial shot-hole of stone fruit; bacterial spot of stone fruit; bacterialspot of stone fruit; black spot of stone fruit apricot), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum) Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus japonica (Japanese bush cherry tree), Prunus mume (Japanese apricot tree), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel) batang America: Central America & Caribbean (Bermuda), North America, Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Uruguay, French Guiana Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan Europe: Bulgaria, France (France [mainland]), Italy, Moldova, Romania, Russia (Russian Far East, Southern Russia), Slovenia, Ukraine, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Netherland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
44.Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. alfalfae Common name: bacterial alfalfa spot I Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Medicago scutellata (snail medic), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweetpea), Trifolium incarnatum (Crimson clover), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Vicia benghalensis (purple daun, batang, tanaman hasil mikropropagasi Africa: Sudan America: Elsalvador, Nicaragua, USA Asia: Georgia (Republic), India dan Syria Europe: Rumania Oceania: Australia 316 vetch), Vicia sativa (common vetch), Vigna mungo (black gram)
45.Xanthomonas axonopodispv. allii Roumagnac et al.(=Xanthomonas campestris pv. allii);Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; blight I Allium (onions, garlic, leek, etc.), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Allium cepa var. aggregatum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium fistulosum (Welsh onion), Allium porrum (leek), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Allium schoenoprasum (chives) akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah, media tanam Africa: Mauritius, Réunion, South Africa America: Central America & Caribbean (Barbados, Cuba, Saint Kitts and Nevis), USA, Brazil, Venezuela Asia: Japan Europa: Netherland
46.Xanthomonas axonopodispv.dieffenbachiae (McCulloch & Pirone Vauterin)et al. ; (=Phytomonas dieffenbachiae =Bacterium dieffenbachiae =Xanthomonas dieffenbachiae =X.campestris pv. dieffenbachiae =X.campestris pv. syngonii);Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; anthurium blight, bacterial blight of aroids I Anthurium andreanum, Philodendron hederaceum, Philodendron hederaceum var. oxycardium Aglaonema commutatum, Anthurium spp., Caladium bicolor hybrids, Dieffenbachia maculata, Epipremnum pinnatum, Araceae, Philodendron selloum, Syngonium podophyllum, Xanthosoma caracu, X. sagittifolium umbi, rhizome, daun, batang, media tanam Africa: Réunion, South Africa America: Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela, Asia: China, Philippines, Taiwan, Turkey Europe: Italy, Netherland, Germany, Poland, Romania, UK Oceania: Australia, France Polynesia, New Caledonia
47.Xanthomonas axonopodispv.poinsettiicola(Pat el, Bhatt & Kulkarni) Vauterinet al. ; (=Xanthomonas campestris pv. poinsettiicola I Codiaeum variegatum, Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia), Euphorbia milii tunas, batang, daun America: USA, Venezulea Asia: Cocos Islands, Philippines, India, China, Taiwan Europe: Germany, Italy Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 317 =X.poinsetticola =X.poinsettiicola =X.pulcherrimae =X.ricini f.sp. poinsettiicola =X.rinici f.sp. poinsetticola); Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae (Crown-of-thorns), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia),
48.Xanthomonas axonopodispv.vasculorum(Cobb ) Vauterin et al.; (=Xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum =Bacillus vasculorum =Bacterium vasculorum =Phytomonas vasculara =P.vasculorum =Pseudomonas vasculorum =Xanthomonas vasculorum) ; Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; sugarcane gumming disease, Gummosis I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Saccharum sp. Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Roystonea regia, Dictyosperma album, Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), bambu, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Coix lacryma-jobi, Panicum spp., Pennisetum purpureum, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass), Thysanolaena latifolia (Asian broom grass), Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo), Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass), Sorghum sp.(sorgum, sorghum) daun, biji, planlet, batang, umbi (tuber/ corm/ rhizome), akar, bibit, kayu Africa: Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican, Guyana France, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago Europe: Portugal Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea 318
49.Xanthomonas axonopodispv.vitians(Brown) Vauterin et al. ; (=Bacterium lactuca =B.vitians = Phytomonas lactucae =P.lactucae-scariolae =P.vitians =Pseudomonas lactucae =P.lactucae-scariolae =P.vitians =Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians =X.lactucae =X.lactucae- scariolae =X.vitians);Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; leafspot, lettuce bacterial spot I Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Syngonium, Syngonium podophyllum (Arrowhead vine), beberapa species gulma yang termasuk kedalam family Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Malvaceae, Polygonaceae and Portulacaceae daun, batang, biji Africa: South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Brazil, France West Indies, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela Asia: Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea) Europe: Germany, Italy, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia Oceania: Australia
50.Xanthomonas campestrispv. armoraciae (McCulloch) Dye; (=Bacterium campestre var. armoraciae = Phytomonas campestris var. armoraciae = Pseudomonas campestris var. armoraciae = Xanthomonas armoraciae); Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; Xanthomonasspot I Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), Iberis (candytuft) daun, batang, biji Africa: Zimbabwe America: USA, Brazil, Oklahoma Asia: China, India, Japan, Turkey Europe: Ukraine Oceania: Australia
51.Xanthomonas cassavae (ex Wiehe & Dows.) Vauterin et al.; (=Xanthomonas campestris pv. cassavae =X.ricini f.sp. cassavae); Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; cassavaspot, cassava bacterial necrosis I Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) daun, batang Africa: Burundi, DR Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda America: Colombia 319
52.Xanthomonas hortorumpv. pelargonii (Brown) Vauterin et al. ; (=Bacterium geranii =B.pelargonii =Phytomonas geranii =P.pelargonii =Pseudomonas geranii =P.pelargonii =Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii =X.geranii =X.pelargonii);Xanthomonadale s: Xanthomonadaceae; bacterialspot I Geranium sanguineum (bloody cranesbill), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Pelargonium graveolens (Rose geranium) tunas, batang, daun, bunga Vektor: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae, Cercopidae Africa: Egypt, Morocco, South Africa America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, USA Asia: India, Iran, Japan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia
53.Xanthomonas vasicola pv.holcicola (Elliot); (=Xanthomonas holcicola =Bacterium holcicola =Phytomonas holcicola =Pseudomonas holcicola = Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola); Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; streaky spot of sorghum and Sudan grass; melanosis of Panicum I Panicum miliaceum (millet), Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass) Sorghum almum (Columbusgrass), Zea mays (jagung, maize, corn) batang, daun, biji Africa: Ivory Coast, Gambia, Madagascar, Niger, South Africa, Togo. America: Mexico, USA, Argentina, Venezuela. Asia: Bangladesh, India, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand. Europe: France, Romania, Russia, Ukraine. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, 320 millet; bacterial streak of millet Solomon Islands.
54.Xylella fastidiosaWellset al.; Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; Pierce's disease of grapevines, alfalfa dwarf, almondscorch, citrus variegated chlorosis, dwarf lucerne, scorch, phony disease of peach, plumscald I Acer saccharum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Medicago sativa, Morus alba, Platanus occidentalis, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Ulmus (elms), Acer (maples), Carya illinoinensis (pecan), Citrus latifolia (tahiti lime), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Citrus reticulata x paradisi (tangelo), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweet gum), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nerium oleander (oleander), Prunus angustifolia (Mountain cherry tree), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Ulmus (elms), Vitis labrusca (fox grape), Vitis rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Acer rubrum (red maple), Brachiaria spp. (signalgrass), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Conium maculatum (Poison umbi lapis, akar, buah, bunga, batang, daun, biji, bibit. Vektor: Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Cicadella viridis, Carneocephala fulgida, Draeculacephala minerva, Graphocephala atropunctata, Hemiptera, Cercopidae: Philaenus spumarius America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, Paraguay, USA, Venezuela Asia: China, India, Taiwan, Turki. 321 hemlock), Cynodon spp Cyperus (flatsedge), Digitaria spp., Echinochloa frumentacea(Japanese millet), Fragaria vesca (arbei, wild strawberry), Lolium spp (ryegrasses), Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), Medicago (medic), Paspalum spp., Paspalum dilatatum (dallis grass), Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower), Poaceae (grasses), Quercus rubra (northern red oak), Rubus spp. (blackberry, raspberry), Sambucus spp. (Elderberry), Salix spp., Taraxacum officinale, Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion), Trifolium spp., Trifolium (clovers), Ulmus americana (American elm), Vinca minor
55.Xylophilus ampelinus (Panag.) Willems et al. ; (= Xanthomonas ampelina);Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; canker of grapevine, bacterial blight of grapevine, black arm I Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) batang Africa: South Africa Asia: Turkey Europe: France, Greece, Italy, Moldova, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia 322 FITOPLASMA (PHYTOPLASMA) No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME GOLONGAN / GROUP INANG/ HOST MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAY DAERAH SEBAR/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1.Apple chat fruit phytoplasma; (= Apple chat fruit MLO) I Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Malus spp. mata tunas, batang, tanaman, akar, bibit Africa: South Africa America: USA Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, Gibraltar, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, UK (England and Wales, Scotland) Ocean: New Zealand
2.Apple rubbery wood phytoplasma; Acholeplasmatales, Acholeplasmatacea; apple rubbery wood; quince chlorotic blotch; pear rubbery wood disease I Malus domestica (apel, apple) Cydonia oblonga (quince), Malus baccata (siberian crab apple), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Pyrus communis (European pear) bahan perbanyakan vegetative, bibit, akar, tanaman hasil mikropropagasi, batang Africa:South Africa America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Brazil Asia:India Europe: Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy (Italy [mainland]), Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Yugoslavia Oceania: New Zealand, Australia
3.Candidatus Phytoplasma asteri;(=Aster yellows phytoplasma group); I Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Alstroemeria (Inca lily), buah, bunga, daun, akar, batang, akar, Africa: South Africa America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Brazil, Peru 323 Acholeplasmatales; Acholeplasmatacea; tomato big bud; western aster yellows; periwinkle little leaf; eastern aster yellows; purple coneflower yellows; multiplier disease Anemone coronaria (Poppy anemone), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (turnip), Callistephus chinensis (China aster), Chrysanthemum coronarium (garland chrysanthemum), Chrysanthemum frutescens (marguerite), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Hydrangea macrophylla (French hydrangea), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Paulownia tomentosa (paulownia), Primula sp. (primrose), Ranunculus asiaticus (garden crowfoot), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Tagetes patula (French marigold), Trifolium repens (white batang, daun, bunga, buah Asia: China (Taiwan), India, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Thailand Europe: Europe (as a whole), Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Russia, Spain, UK, Poland, Finland Oceania: Australia 324 clover), Zea mays (jagung, maize,corn) Catharanthus roseus (Pink periwinkle), Celtis australis (European nettle wood), Cornus racemosa (gray dogwood), Cryptotaenia canadensis (honewort), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Delphinium hybrids (florist's larkspur), Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower), Eupatorium capillifolium (Dog fennel), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Lotus corniculatus (bird's- foot trefoil), Solanum lycopersicon (tomat,tomato), Morus bombycis (Japanese mulberry), Myrtus communis (myrtle), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (olive), Opuntia sp. (pricklypear), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Populus (poplars), Populus nigra (black poplar), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), 325 Prunus persica var. nucipersica (nectarine), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Santalum album (Indian sandalwood), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solidago (Goldenrod), Spiraea tomentosa (Hardhack), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Vaccinium (blueberries), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), Calendula officinalis (Pot marigold), Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane), Lepidium draba (hoary cress), Malva (mallow), Papaver rhoeas (common poppy), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish), Stellaria media (common chickweed)
4.Candidatus Phytoplasma mali; Acholeplasmatales:Acholeplas matacea; Apple proliferation I Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Prunussalicina (Japanese plum), tunas, suluran (stolon), bagian vegetatif lainnya Africa: South Africa Asia: Turkey, India Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, 326 Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Catharanthus roseus, Corylus avellana, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Dahlia sp., Lilium sp., Prunus armeniaca, Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum) Vektor: Hemiptera, Cercopidae: Philaenus spumarius; Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae: Aphrophora alni, Lepyronia coleoptrata; Hemiptera, Psyllidae: Cacopsylla costalis, C. Mali, C. picta Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia., Albania, Balkans, Belgium, Bulgaria, Russia, UK, Finland
5.Candidatus Phytoplasma Palmae; (=Coconut lethal yellowing phytoplasma; coconut lethal yellowing mycoplasma-like organism); Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmatacea; Lethal yellowing of palm;Cape St Paul disease;Cape Three Point disease; Keincope; Kribi I Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), and other Palmae (Arenga engleri, Borassus flabellifer, Caryota mitis, Howea forsteriana, Hyophorbe verschaffeltii, Phoenix canariensis, P. dactylifera, P. reclinata, P. sylvestris, Chrysalidocarpus cabadae, Corypha utan, Dictyosperma album, Latania spp., Livistona chinensis, L. rotundifolia, Trachycarpus fortunei, biji, bibit Vektor: Hemiptera, Cixiidae: Myndus crudus; Cicadellidae, Fulgoridae Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo America: Belize, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, USA, Bahamas, Guatemala, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Guyana Asia: India Eropa: Netherland Oceania: Papua New Guinea, Australia 327 Veitchia macandielsii, Veitchia merrillii, Panandus utilis
6.Grapevine flavescence doree phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatale s:Acholeplasmataceae; I Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Chrysanthemum spp., Xleia faba, Vince rosea. tunas, suluran (stolon), bagian vegetatif lainnya Vektor: Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Scaphoideus titanus America: USA, Uruguay Europe: Croatia, France, Corsica, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, Spain, Serbia, Switzerland and Montenegro, Belgium, Netherland, Portugal
7.Potato witches broom phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatale : Acholeplasmatacea; yellows- type disease; witches’ broom phytiplasma I Dicentra spectabilis (bleeding heart), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium hybridum (Alsike clover), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Trifolium repens (white clover) S:Catharanthus roseus (Pink periwinkle), Salix (willows) akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah America: Canada dan USA Asia: Taiwan, India dan Japan, Iran, China Europe: Poland, Ukraine, Former USSR Oceania: Tonga
8.Strawberry lethal decline phytoplasma(SLD); Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae;northwest disease I Fragaria sp.(strawberry), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Fragaria chiloensis (Chilean strawberry), Fragaria vesca (arbei, wild strawberry) daun, batang, akar, bibit tanaman, bunga. America: Canada, USA 328
9.Sugarcane Grassy Stunt Disease (SCGSD);Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae;grassy shoot disease;sugarcane grassy;stunt phytoplasma;grassy shoot;gassy stunt phytoplasma; Sugarcane grassy shoot; white phytoplasmas I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Pennisetum purpureum, Brachiaria mutica, Cynodon dactylon, Imperata arundinacea stek, mata tunas, batang Vektor: Hemiptera, Aphididae: Melanaphis sacchari f.sp indosacchari Africa: Sudan Asia: Bangladesh, Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand
10.Sugarcane Ramu Stunt Disease Phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatale s: Acholeplasmataceae; ramu stunt I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) Poaceae (grasses), Saccharum robustum, Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane), Saccharum sp. stek, mata tunas, batang, bibit Vektor: Hemiptera, Delphacidae: Eumetopina flavipes Oceania: Papua New Guinea:
11.Sugarcane White Phytoplasma (SCWLD); Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae; whitedisease;India albino I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane). Saccharum spontaneum, Cynodon dactylon, Brachiaria subquadripara, Dactyloctenium egyptium, Chloris barbata, Sporobolus fertilis, Saccharum edule, Saccharum robustum stek, tunas, akar, batang, daun, bunga Vektor: Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus, Yamatotettix flavovittatus Africa: Sudan Asia: Bangladesh, Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, China 329 VIII. VIRUS (VIRUSES) No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM GOLONGAN/ GROUP INANG/ HOST MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAY DAERAH SEBAR/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1.African cassava mosaic begomovirus (ACMV);(= African cassava mosaic virus, Cassava latent virus, Cassava latent geminivirus, Cassava mosaic virus, Cassava African mosaic begomovirus, Indian cassava mosaic disease) I Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Ricinus spp. Hewittia sublobata, Laportea (=Fluerya) aestuans, Manihot glaziovii, Jatropha sp. tanaman, batang, umbi akar, tunas, suluran (stolon) Africa:Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Congo Democratic republic of the, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Asia: India, Sri Lanka
2.Agropyron mosaic rymovirus(AgMV);(=Agropyron mosaic virus, Agropyron green mosaic virus, Agropyron yellow mosaic virus, Agropyron streak mosaic virus, Couch grass streak mosaic virus, Wheat virus 2, Marmor agropyri, Agropyron mosaic PV75 severe isolate, Agropyron mosaic PV101 isolate, Agropyron I Bromus secalinus, Elymus repens (quackgrass), Elytrigia intermedia, Elytrigia repens, Hordeum vulgare, Lolium multiflorum, Lophopyrum elongatum, Poa pratensis, Secale cereal, Setaria viridis, Triticum aestivum (wheat), Triticum turgidum tanaman, daun Vektor: Prostigmata, Eriophyidae: Abacarus hystrix America: Canada, USA Europe: Finland 330 mosaic mild isolate) (durum wheat), Triticum durum
3.Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV);(= Alfalfa virus 1 & 2, Lucerne mosaic virus, Marmor medicaginis, Potato calico virus) I Medicago sativa, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Cucurbitaceae, Apium graveolens var. rapaceum, Apium graveolens (seladeri, celery), Cicer arietinum, Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chili, red pepper), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Lactuca sativa, Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea), Vigna radiata, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Viburnum opulus Pisum sativum, Cajanus cajan (kacang gude), Cercis siliquastrum, Coriandum sativum (tumbar, coriander), Cyphomandra betacea, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah, biji Vektor: Hemiptera, Aphididae: Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus persicae Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia America: Argentina, Brazil, Panama, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, USA, Venezuela Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 331 Eutrema wasabi, Euonymus japonicus, Hibiscus cannabinus, Lavandula latifolia, Pelargonium, Vigna angularis, Solanum melongena, Trifolium subterraneum, Vicia faba, Vinca minor, Vitis vinifera
4.Andean potato latent tymovirus (APLV);(= Eggplant mosaic tymovirus, Andean potato latent str., Eggplant mosaic virus (Andean potato latent str.), Potato (Andean) latent virus, Potato Andean latent tymovirus, Potato Andean latent virus) I Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Ullucus tuberosus (ulluco) umbi, tanaman Vektor: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Epitrix sp. America: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
5.Andean potato mottle comovirus (APMoV);(= Potato Andean mottle comovirus, Potato Andean mottle virus) I Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chili, red pepper), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Gomphrena globosa, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Physalis peruviana, Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, spinach), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) umbi, tanaman America: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru 332
6.Apple chlorotic leaf spot trichovirus (ACLSV); (=Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus; Bark split virus; Plum bark split virus; Peach green mottle virus; Pear ring pattern mosaic virus; Quince stunt virus; Apple latent virus type 1; Apple latent 1 virus; Plum pseudopox virus; Pear ring mosaic virus) I Cydonia oblonga (quince), Malus (ornamental species apple), Malus domestica (apple), Malus platycarpa, Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasifera (myrobalan plum), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus spinosa (blackthorn), Prunus tomentosa (Nanking cherry tree), Pyrus communis (European pear), Pyrus pyrifolia (Oriental pear tree) Amelanchier canadensis (thicket serviceberry), Chaenomeles (flowering quinces), Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn), Crataegus rhipidophylla (Midland hawthorn), Mespilus germanica (medlar), Sorbus aucuparia (mountain ash) tunas daun, batang, tanaman. Africa: South Africa, Tunisia America: Canada, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Lebanon, Syria, Turkey Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Central Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 333
7.Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd);(= Apple green crinkle disease, Apple green crinkle, Apple fruit crinkle apscaviroid I (P) Malus domesticum (apel, apple) tanaman America: USA
8.Apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV);(= Apple mosaic ilarvirus, European plumline pattern virus, Mountain ash variegation virus, Birch line pattern virus, Birch ringspot virus, Dutch plum line pattern virus, Hop A virus, Horse chestnut yellow mosaic virus, Rose mosaic virus, Hop virus A, Hop virus C, Mild apple mosaic virus, Severe apple mosaic virus) I Betula, Corylus avellana, Fragaria, Humulus lupulus, Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Prunus, Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium, Prunus dulcis (almon, almond), Ribes rubrum, Rubus spp. (raspberry, blackberry, black raspberry) Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Mawar (Rosa sp), Cucumber, Vigna sinensis, buah, bunga, akar, batang Africa: Algeria, Kenya, Maroco, South Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA, Uruguay Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Bangladesh, India, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Belarus, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
9.Apple stem grooving capillovirus (ASGV);(= Apple topworking disease, Citrange stunt virus, Citrus tatter leaf virus, Crab apple decline, Apple latent virus type 2, Brown line virus disease, Cheno-podium dark green epi- I Citrus, Lilium, Malus pumila, Malus sylvestris, Malus toringo, Prunus mume, Prunus armeniaca, Pyrus communis, Pyrus pyrifolia, Aronia melanocarpa, Cotoneaster bullatus, tanaman Africa: South Africa, Swaziland America: Brazil, Canada, Antilles Netherlands, USA, Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Israel, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam Europe: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, 334 nasty virus, Apple dark green epinasty virus, Apple E36 virus, Crab stem grooving virus, Apple brown line virus) Cydonia oblonga, Prunus avium, Pyronia veitchii, Sorbus aucuparia, Malus sp, Malus micromalus Georgia, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
10.Apple stem pitting foveavirus (ASPV);(= Apple Spy 227 epinasty & decline, Pear stony pit, Quince sooty ringspot, Pear vein yellows, Pear red mottle) I Malus pumila, Pyrus communis Crataegus monogyna, Cydonia oblonga, Malus sylvestris, Malus toringo, Pyronia veitchii, Sorbus discolor. tanaman Africa: South Africa America: Brazil, Canada, USA Asia: China, Japan, South Korea Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
11.Apricot ring-pox like disease I Prunus armeniaca (Apricot), Prunus avium (Sweet Cherry), Prunus salicina (Javanese plum), Prunus virginiana (Common Chokecherry tree) buah, daun, akar, batang America: Canada dan USA 335
12.Arabis mosaic nepovirus (ArMV);(= Arabis mosaic virus, Ash ring and line pattern virus, Hop nettlehead virus, Raspberry yellow dwarf virus, Rhubarb mosaic virus, Forsythia yellow net virus, Jasmine yellow blotch virus, Rhabarber-Mosaik-Virus, rhubarb mosaic virus) I Anagallis arvensis, Apium graveolens var. dulce, Armoracia rusticana, Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Astilbe sp., Bellis perennis, Beta vulgaris (bit), Buxus sempervirens, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Carum segetum, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Cyphomandra betacea, Daphne mezereum, Daucus carota, Dianthus caryophyllus, Forsythia intermedia, Fragaria vesca, Fraxinus excelsior, Humulus lupulus, Jasminum officinale, Lactuca sativa, Lamium amplexicaule, Ligustrum vulgare, Melilotus officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Narsisus sp., Phaseolus coccineus, Plantago lanceolata, Polygonum aviculare, P. persicaria, Prunus avium, P.domestica, P.persica, Ranunculus repens, tanaman, biji Vektor: Dorylaimida, Longidoridae:Xiph inema diversicaudatum, X. madierense, X. coxi Africa: South Africa America: Canada, Asia: Japan, Kazakstan, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, Caroline Islands, New Zealand 336 Rheum rhaponticum, Rheum hybridum, Ribessp., Rosa spp., Rubus idaeus, R. procerus, Sambucus nigra, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum nigrum, Stellaria media, Syringa vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium repens, Tulipa spp., Urtica dioica, U. urens, Vitis vinifera, Trifolium repens, Vitis vinifera. Alstroemeria, Fragaria, Fraxinus, Hordeum vulgare, Narsisus, Ribes nigrum, Rubus
13.Arracacha virus B (AVB);(= Arracacha B 'nepovirus', Arracacha B nepovirus (oca strain) Arracacha virus B (oca strain) I Arracacia xanthorrhiza, Oxalis tuberosa (oca), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Brassica campestris ssp.rapa, Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea), Capsicum annuum, Hyoscyamus niger umbi, daun, suluran (stolon), biji America: Bolivia, Peru.
14.Artichoke Italian latent nepovirus (AILV);(=Artichoke Italian latent virus) I Cynara scolymus Cichorium intybus, Gladiolus hybrids, Pelargonium zonale daun, suluran (stolon), batang Vektor: Dorylaimida, Europe: Bulgaria, Greece, Italy 337 hybrids, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Longidoridae: Longidorus apulus
15.Asparagus 2 ilarvirus (AV- 2);(=Asparagus virus 2, Asparagus ilarvirus 2, Asparagus virus C, Asparagus latent virus) I (P) Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus) pollen, biji, suluran (stolon) Vektor: Dorylaimida, Longidoridae: Longidorus apulus America: Canada, Mexico, USA Europe: Denmark, Germany, Italy, UK, Japan
16.Avocado sunblotch avsunviroid (ASBVd);(= Avocado sunblotch viroid, Sunblotch viroid (avocado)) I Persea americana (alpokat, avocado) Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Ocelea bullata, kulit, buah, bunga, daun, suluran (stolon), batang, biji Africa: South Africa America: Peru, USA, Venezuela, Europe: Spain, Israel Oceania: Australia
17.Banana bract mosaic potyvirus (BBrMV);(= Banana bract mosaic virus) I Musa paradisiaca tanaman, bibit America: Ecuador Asia: India, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam Oceania: Samoa
18.Barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus (BSMV);(= Barley stripe mosaic virus, Barley false stripe virus, Barley mosaic virus, Oat stripe mosaic virus, Barley mild stripe virus, Barley yellow stripe (possibly)) I Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) Poaceae, Secale cereale (rye), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Panicum spp. (millet) polen, biji, tanaman Africa: Egypt, South Africa, Tunisia America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Peru, USA Asia: China, Israel, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey Europe: Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, 338 Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Oceonia: Australia, New Zealand
19.Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (BYDV);(=Barley yellow dwarf virus; Maize leaf fleck virus; Wheat cereal yellow dwarf virus; Rice giallume virus; Hordeum virus nanescens; Red leaf disease of barley) I Avena sativa (oats), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Oryza sativa (rice), Poaceae (grasses), Secale cereale (rye), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Triticum turgidum (durum wheat), Zea mays (corn) Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bentgrass), Arrhenatherum elatius (false oatgrass), Bromus (bromegrasses), Bromus catharticus (prairiegrass), Elymus repens (quackgrass), Eragrostis curvula (weeping lovegrass), Festuca (fescues), Leersia oryzoides (Rice cutgrass), Miscanthus sinensis (Eulalia), Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu grass), Phleum pratense tanaman, akar, batang, daun, bunga Vektor: Hemiptera, Aphididae:Aulocor thum circumflexum (= Amphorophora circumflexa, Macrosiphum circumflexa, Myzus circumflexus, Aulacorthum circumflexum, Siphonophora circumflexa); Ceruraphis eriophori; Metopolophium dirhodum(=Acyrth osiphon dirhodum,); Myzus persicae; Rhopalosiphum insertum Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa: Tanzania, Tunisia, Zimbabwe.. America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Thailand, Turkey. Europe: Belgium, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Former, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 339 (timothy), Phragmites (reed), Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Trifolium repens (white clover) (=Rhopalosiphum annuae, Rhopalosiphum fitchii); Rhopalosiphum maidis(=Aphis maydis); Rhopalosiphum padi (=Anuraphis padi, Rhopalosiphum prunifoliae); Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis; Schizaphis graminum(=Toxop tera graminum); Sipha agropyrella; Macrosiphum avenae (=Macrosiphum granarium, Sitobion avenae); Macrosiphum fragariae (=Sitobion fragariae);
20.Bean golden mosaic begomovirus (BGMV)(=Bean golden mosaic geminivirus, Bean golden mosaic virus (type 1) Brazil, Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (type 2), I Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea), Phaseolus sp., Phaseolus lathyroides, Phaseolus acutifolius, Glycine max (kedelai, tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae: Bemisia Africa: Nigeria America: Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela 340 Caribbean mosaico dorado, Bean calico mosaic begomovirus (possible strain)) soybean) Cajanus cajan (kacang gude), Calopogonium mucunoides, Pachyrhizus erosus, Vigna angularis, Phaseolus coccineus, Vigna mungo, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) argentifolii, B. tabaci
21.Bean pod mottle comovirus (BPMV);(=Bean Pod mottle virus, Desmodium virus) I Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Fabaceae lain biji, tanaman Vektor: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Cerotoma trifurcate, Diabrotica balteata, D. undecimpunctata, Colaspis flavida, C. lata), Coleoptera, Coccinelidae: Epilachna varivestis, E. vittata America: Brazil, Canada, Ecuador, Peru, USA
22.Beet curly top curtovirus (BCTV);(= Beet curly top virus, Beet curly top geminivirus, Beet curly top I Beta vulgaris (bit gula, sugar beet), Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red daun Vektor: Hemiptera, Africa: Ivory Coast, Egypt America: Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, USA, Uruguay 341 hybrigeminivirus, Sugarbeet curly top virus,Tomato yellow virus, Sugar beet curly-leaf virus, Sugarbeet virus 1, Tomato yellows virus, Western yellow blight virus, Potato green dwarf virus) pepper), Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea), Cucurbitaceae, Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean). Linum usitatissimum (flax), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Cicadellidae: Neoaliturus tenellus, N. opacipennis Asia: India, Iran, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Turkey Europe: Cyprus, Italy
23.Beet leaf curl rhabdovirus (BLCV);(= Beet leaf curl virus, Beta virus 3, RubenkrSusel- Virus, Rübenkräusel sugar beet leaf crinkle virus, Sugar beet leaf curl rhabdo virus, Sugar beet virus 3, Beet leaf crinkle virus, Sugar beet leaf curl virus) I Beta spp. Atriplex, Spinacia, Tetragonia tetragonioides daun, akar, batang, tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Piesmidae: Piesma quadratum Europe:Germany, Poland, Turkey
24.Broad bean wilt fabavirus (BBWV);(=Broad bean wilt virus, Nasturtium ringspot virus, Catalpa chlorotic leaf spot virus, Tropaeolum ringspot virus, Nasturtium white spot virus, Patchouli mild mottle I Apium graveolens (celery), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (Chinese cabbage), polong biji, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah. Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, America: USA, Argentina Asia: Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, North Korea, South Korea, 342 virus, Petunia ringspot virus, Pea streak virus, Patchouli mild mosaic virus) Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Capsicum frutescens (chilli), Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe artichoke), Daucus carota (carrot), Glycine max (soyabean), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pisum sativum (pea), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Tropaeolum majus (common nasturtium), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Cicer arietinum (chickpea) Philippines, Singapore, Syria, Turkey, Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Bosnia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, United Kingdom, Oceania: Australia
25.Brome mosaic bromovirus (BMV);(=Brome mosaic virus, Weidel gras mosaik virus, I Bromus inermis (Awnless brome) Avena sativa (oats), tanaman Africa: South Africa, America: North America Europe: Hungary, Russian 343 Ryegrass streak virus, Trespen gras mosaik virus, Marmor graminis) Bromus (bromegrasses), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Commelina communis (common dayflower), Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Oryza sativa (rice), Poaceae (grasses), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Zea mays (corn) Federation, Sweden, Oceania: Australia
26.Cacao yellow mosaic tymovirus (CYMV);(=Cacao yellow mosaic virus) I Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) Cola nitida, Culcasia scandens akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa: Sierra Leone
27.Carnation necrotic fleck closterovirus (CNFV);(= Carnation necrotic fleck virus, Carnation streak virus, Carnation yellow fleck virus) I Dianthus caryophyllus Dianthus barbatus, D.chinensis, Saponaria vaccaria, Silene armeria bunga, akar, daun, batang Vektor: Hemiptera, Aphididae: Myzus persicae America: Colombia, USA, Venezuela Asia: Israel, Japan Europe: Belgium, Czech, Slovakia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, UK, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
28.Cassava brown streak virus (CBSaV);(= Cassava brown streak carlavirus, Cassava brown streak potyvirus, Cassava brown streak- associated (?) carlavirus) I Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) tunas, tanaman Africa: Angola, Guinea Ekuator, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Uganda, Zimbabwe 344
29.Cereal yellow dwarf polerovirus-RPV (CYDRV);(=Cereal yellow dwarf virus) I Avena sativa (oats), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Secale cereale (rye), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Triticum turgidum (durum wheat) tanaman, akar, batang, daun, bunga Africa: Egypt, South Africa, America: Canada, Ecuador, Mexico, USA Asia: China, India, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Pakistan Europe: Belgium, Czech Republic, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
30.Cherry leafroll nepovirus (CLRV);(= Cherry leafroll virus, Golden elderberry virus) I Betula (birches), Betula pendula (common silver birch), Cornus (Flowering dogwood), Fagus sylvatica (common beech), Fraxinus excelsior (ash), Juglans (walnuts), Juglans regia (walnut), Ligustrum (privet), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Ptelea trifoliata (Hoptree), Rubus procerus, Sambucus canadensis (American elder), Sambucus racemosa (red- berried elder), Syringa vulgaris (lilac), Ulmus (elms), Ulmus americana (American elm) biji, daun, tanaman. America: Canada, USA, Chile Asia: China, Turkey Europe: Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Scotland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 345 Delphinium hybrids (florist's larkspur), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Rubus idaeus (raspberry) (Wild hosts): Plantago (Plantain), Rumex (Dock)
31.Cherry rasp leaf nepovirus (CRLV);(= Apple flat apple virus, Cherry rasp leaf virus, Flat apple virus) I Prunus avium, Prunus cerasus, Prunus persica, Prunus mahaleb, Malus domesticum (apel, apple) Rubus spp. (raspberry) tanaman America: Canada, USA
32.Citrus impietratura virus;(= Citrus impietratura disease) I Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange) akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe America: Venezuela Asia: India, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey Europe: Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Spain
33.Citrus leaf rugose ilarvirus (CiLRV);(= Citrus leaf rugose ilarvirus, Citrusvariegation virus, Citrus crinkly leaf ilarvirusm,Citrusvariegation ilarvirus) I Citrus aurantifolia, C. limon, C. paradisi Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea) tunas, biji America: USA Europe: Turkey Oceania: Australia
34.Clover yellow vein potyvirus (ClYVV);(=Clover yellow vein virus, Pea necrosis virus, Bean yellow mosaic virus-S (severe strain), Bean yellow mosaic virus-N (necrotic strain) I Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Trifolium hybridum (Alsike clover), Trifolium repens (white clover), Trifolium umbi (bulbs/ tubers/ corms/rhizomes), daun, bibit, batang America: Canada, USA, Colombia, Asia: Japan, South Korea, Yemen, Europe: Czech, Slovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 346 Statice virus Y) vesiculosum (Arrowleaf clover) Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover), Borago officinalis (Borage), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Gentiana (gentians), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Impatiens walleriana (Busy-lizzy), Limonium sinuatum (sea pink), Lupinus (lupins), Lupinus albus (white lupine), Lupinus angustifolius (lupin), Lupinus luteus (yellow lupin), Medicago lupulina (black medick), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Melilotus officinalis (Field melilot), Pisum sativum (pea), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean), Trifolium (clovers), Trifolium incarnatum (Crimson clover), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover), Vicia faba (broad bean), Viola odorata (English Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 347 violet), Daucus carota (carrot), Iris (irises), Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle), Plantago major (broad- leaved plantain), Veronica persica (creeping speedwell)
35.Cocoa swollen shoot badnavirus (CSSV); (=Cocoa swollen shoot virus(CoNV), Cocoa necrosis nepovirus, Cocoa red mottle virus, Cocoa vein clearing virus, Cacao virus I, Theobroma virus I) I Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) Ceiba pentandra (kapuk randu, kapok) akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah Vektor:Hemiptera , Pseudococcidae: Delococcus tafoensis, Ferrisia virgata, Paraputo anomalus, Phenacoccus hargreavesi, Planococcoides njalensis, Planococcus citri, Pseudococcus concavocerrari, Pseudococcus longis Dorylaimida: Longidoridae Longidorus spp. Africa:Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Northwest Africa America: Colombia, Venezuela Asia: Sri Lanka
36.Coconut cadang-cadang cocadviroid (CCCVd);(=Coconut cadang-cadang viroid, Palm I Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, biji, buah, tanaman Asia: Philippines, Malaysia Oceania: Solomon Islands Island 348 cadang-cadang viroid) oilpalm), Arenga pinnata, Borassus flabelifer (lontar, palmyra palm), Chloris, Phoenix dactylifera Corypha elata, Livistona rotundifolia, Arecaceae, Panandaceae, Zingiberaceae, Marantaceae (Maranta sp.), Commelinaceae Vektor:Prostigmat a, Tenuipalpidae: Brevipalpus phoenicis
37.Coconut tinangaja cocadviroid (CTiVd);(=Coconut tinangaja viroid) I Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) biji, buah, tanaman Oceania: Guam
38.Coffee blister spot virus;(=Coffee blister spot agent) I Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) biji, buah, tanaman America:, Costa Rica
39.Coffee ringspot rhabdovirus (CoRSV);(= Coffee ringspot virus, Coffee ringspot nucleorhabdovirus) I Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) biji, tanaman America: Brazil, Costa Rica Asia: Philippines
40.Cotton anthocyanosis virus(CAV);(=Cotton anthocyanosis (?) luteovirus; Cotton small leaf virus) I Gossypium barbadens (kapas, Gallinicotton), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, Bourbon cotton) Abelmoschus esculentus, Hibiscus cannabinus, Sida rhombifolia, S. micrantha tunas, tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Aphididae: Aphis gossypii America: Brazil Asia: India, Pakistan
41.Cotton leaf curl begomovirus (CLCuV);(= Cotton leaf curl I Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), tanaman Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad, 349 geminivirus, Cotton leaf crumple begomovirus) Abelmoschus esculentus, Hibiscus cannabinus, Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea) Abelmoschus esculentus, Althea rosae, Corchorus fasicularis, Castanospermum australe, Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Hibiscus cannabius, H. escu lentus, H. sabdarifa, Malvaviscus arboreus, Malva parviflora, Phaseolus acutifolius, Vigna angularis, Sida alba Vektor: Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae: Bemisia tabaci Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo America: Mexico, USA, Guatemala Asia: India, Pakistan, Philippines
42.Cotton leaf mottle disease;(=Cotton mosaic agent) I Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Gossypium hirsutum akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah Vektor: Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae: Bemisia tabaci Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo
43.Cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus (CCMV);(= Bean yellow stipple virus, Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, Virus del moteado amarillo, Marmor I Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean) Arachys hypogaea tanaman Vektor: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Africa: Nigeria America: Costa Rica, Cuba, USA Asia: India 350 flavopunctum) (kacang tanah, peanut), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Beta vulgaris(bit), Cajanus cajan(kacang gude), Cassia occidentalis, C.tora Ceratoma ruficornis, C.trifurcata, Diabrotica balteata, D. undecimpunctata,
44.Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus (CGMMV);(= Bottlegourd indian mosaic virus, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, Cucumber green mottle mosaic watermelon strain (W), Cucumber virus 2, Cucumber virus 3, Cucumber virus 4, Cucumis virus 2, Tobacco mosaic virus watermelon strain-W) I Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Lagenaria siceraria, Momordica charantia Prunus Americana (apricot) biji, akar, tanaman, tanah, air, pupuk, media tanam Vektor:Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae: Raphidopalpa fevicollis; Solanales, Convolvulaceae: Cuscuta spp. America: Brazil Asia: Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia Europe: Austria, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Georgia,
45.Dasheen mosaic potyvirus (DsMV);(=Dasheen mosaic virus) I Aglaonema, Alocasia, Amorphophallus, Anthurium, Araceae, Caladium, Colocasia, Colocasia esculenta (taro), Dieffenbachia (dumbcanes), Philodendron, Spathiphyllum, Xanthosoma (cocoyam), Zantedeschia (calla-lilies) Cyrtosperma merkusii daun, tanaman Africa: Africa, Cameroon, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, America: Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Brazil, Venezuela Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Japan Europe: Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, 351 (giant swamp taro) French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu
46.Dendrobium vein necrosis (?) closterovirus (DVNV) I Orchidaceae tanaman, Europe: Germany
47.Grapevine Bulgarian latent nepovirus (GBLV);(=Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus, Virus CM112) I Vitis spp. (anggur, grapevine). batang tanaman, biji Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Portugal
48.Grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus (GCMV);(= Grapevine chrome mosaic virus, Grapevine Hungarian chrome mosaic virus) I Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Apium graveolens kulit, batang, daun, tunas, akar, biji Europe: Austria, Croatia, Czech, Slovakia, Hungary
49.Grapevine fanleaf nepovirus (GFLV);(= Grapevine fan leaf virus, Grapevine veinbanding virus, Grapevine yellow mosaic virus, Grapevine arricciamento virus, Grape vine infectious degeneration virus, Grapevine roncet virus, Grapevine urticado virus) I Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea) tunas, suluran (stolon), tanaman, biji Vektor: Dorylaimida, Longidoridae: Xiphinema index, X. Italye Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Madagascar, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Tunisia America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA, Venezuela Asia: China, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Philippines, Syria, Turkey, Europe: Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Crete, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain: Canary 352 Island, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Armenia, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
50.Grapevine fleck maculavirus (GFkV);(= Grapevine fleck virus, Grapevine marbrure virus, Grapevine phloem- limited isometric virus) I Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) batang, tanaman Africa: South Africa America: Brazil, USA Asia: Jordan, Syria Europe: Albania, France, Italy,
51.Grapevine leafroll-associated closterovirus (GLRaV);(= Grapevine leafroll-associated virus, Grapevine B virus, Grapevine leafroll disease, Grapevine C virus) I Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) kulit, akar, batang, daun, kutur jaringan Vektor: Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae: Pseudococcus longis, P. calceolariae, P. maritimus, P.affinis, P. viburni, Planococcus ficus, P.citri, Heliococcus bohemicus, Phenacoccus sp.; Hemiptera, Coccidae: Pulvinaria vitis, Parthenolecanium Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA Asia: China, Taiwan, Gaza, Israel, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Lebanon, Turkey, Yemen, Europe: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Armenia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 353 corni, Neopulvinaria inummerabilis
52.Grapevine stem pitting associated closterovirus (GVA);(=Grapevine corky bark closterovirus, Grapevine batang pitting disease, Grapevine stem pitting virus, Grapevine virus A, Legno Riccio (possibly), Rugose wood (possibly), Grapevine corky bark disease) I Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) tunas, suluran (stolon), kulit, batang, daun, tunas, akar. Vektor: Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae Africa: South Africa, Tunisia, South Africa America: Brazil, Mexico, USA Asia: Jordan, Lebanon, Yemen, Central East Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Italy, Portugal
53.Grapevine vein necrosis agent (GVVN);(=Grapevine vein necrosis virus, Grapevine vein necrosis disease) I Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) tanaman, batang Europe: Hungary, Turkey
54.Hop stunt viroid (HSVd);(= Citrus cachexia viroid, Citrus xyloporosis viroid, Citrus xyloporosis 'virus', Cucumber pale fruit viroid, Hop stunt hostuviroid) I Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange) tanaman, batang America: Cuba, USA
55.Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus (INSV);(= Impatiens necrotic spot virus) I Chrysanthemum sp. (daisy), Impatiens sp. (balsam) Cichorium sp., Cyclamen persicum, Gentiana sp., Isotoma axillaris, Kalanchoe sp, Ocimum basilicum, Phalaenopsis Daun, tanaman. Vektor: Thysanoptera, Thripidae: Frankliniella occidentalis America: Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, USA Asia: China, Iran, Japan Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Finland, France, Germany, Guernsey, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, 354 hybrids, Rubus, Spinacia oleracea, Valerianella, Cardamine scutata, Cerastium glomeratum, Stellaria media, Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell pepper), Capsicum spp., Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) United Kingdom Oceania: New Zealand
56.Johnsongrass mosaic potyvirus (JGMV);(=Maize dwarf mosaic virus - strain O, Johnsongrass mosaic virus, Sugarcane mosaic virus - Australian Johnson grass virus, Maize dwarf mosaic virus - Kansas I strain) I Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Urochloa brizantha (palisadegrass), Zea mays (jagung, corn) biji, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah America: Colombia, Venezuela Europe: Hungary Oceania: Australia
57.Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV);(=Lettuce mosaic potyvirus, Lettuce virus 1) I Cichorium intybus (chicory), Lactuca sativa (lettuce) Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Cichorium endivia (endives), Eustoma grandiflorum (Lisianthus (cut flower crop)), Pisum daun, tanaman. Africa: Egypt, Ghana, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico, USA, Uruguay. Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Syria, Taiwan, Yemen. 355 sativum (pea), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Sonchus (Sowthistle), Stellaria media (common chickweed, Sinapis arvensis (wild mustard) Europe: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
58.Little cherry virus 1 (LChV 1);(=Cherry little cherry closteovirus, Cherry little cherry virus, Little cherry closteovirus) I Prunus avium (Cherry) Prunus cerasus, Prunus emarginata, Prunus incise, Prunus mahaleb, Prunus sargentii, Prunus serrula, Prunus serrulata, Prunus subhirtella, Prunus tomentosa, Prunus x sieboldii, Prunus x yedoensis, Prunus pensylvanica kulit kayu, bunga, daun, akar, batang di atas permukaan tanah America: Canada, USA Asia: Japan Europe : Belgium, Czechia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Romania, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom Oceania: New Zealand
59.Lucerne enation rhabdovirus (LEV);(=Alfalva enation virus, Lucerne enation virus) I Alfalfa sp, Fabaceae, Medicago sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum tuberosum tanaman Africa: South Africa, Sudan America: Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Peru, USA Asia: Iran, Japan Europe : Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Switzerland Oceania: Australia 356
60.Maize chlorotic dwarf waikavirus (MCDV);(= Maize chlorotic dwarf machlovirus, Maize chlorotic dwarf MCDV group, Maize chlorotic dwarf ribotungrovirus, Maize chlorotic dwarf virus, Corn stunt agent) I Zea mays (jagung, corn) Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Setaria spp. tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Amblysellus grex, Dalbulus maidis, Endria inimica, Exitianus exitiosus, Graminella nigrifrons, Graminella sonora, Macrosteles severini, Planicephalus flavo costatus, Stirellus bicolor America: USA
61.Maize chlorotic mottle machlomovirus (MCMV);(= Maize chlorotic mottle virus, Maize mottle virus, Peru corn virus) I Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Bromus arvensis, Panicum vurgatum, Setaria glauca, Zea diploperennis biji, tanaman Vektor: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Chaetocnema pulicaria, Diabrotica spp., Oulema melanopus, Systena frontalis Thysanoptera, Thripidae: America: Argentina, Mexico, Peru, USA 357 Frankliniella williamsii
62.Maize dwarf mosaic potyvirus (MDMV);(=Sorghum red stripe virus; European maize mosaic virus; Indian maize mosaic virus; Maize dwarf mosaic virus, Maize stripe mosaic virus) I Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Zea mays subsp. mays (sweetcorn) Avena sativa (oats), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) bibit, biji Africa: Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela. Asia: China (Taiwan), Georgia (Republic), India (Uttar Pradesh), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Pakistan, Philippines, Turkey, Uzbekistan. Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Russia (Russia (Europe)), Spain, Ukraine,
63.Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus (MMV);(= Maize mosaic virus, Maize stripe Indian virus, Sorghum chlorosis virus, Zea mays virus) I Zea mays (jagung, corn), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Axonopus, Hordeum vulgare, Rottboellia cochin chinensis, Sorghum halepense, Zea mexicana tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Delphacidae: Peregrinus maidis Africa: Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, Tanzania, Zimbabwe America: Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Guyana France, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, USA, Venezuela 358 Asia: India, Yemen
64.Maize rayado fino marafivirus (MRFV);(=Maize rayado fino virus) I Zea mays (jagung, corn) tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Cicadellidae:Dalb ulus maidis, D.elimatus, Baldulus tripsaci, Graminella nigrifrons America: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
65.Maize rough dwarf fijivirus (MRDV);(= Cereal tillering disease fijivirus, Cereal tillering disease reovirus, Cereal tillering disease virus, Maize rough dwarf virus) I Zea mays (jagung, corn), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Zea mays subsp. mays (jagung manis, sweetcorn) Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Avena sativa (oat, oats ), Cynodon dactylon (rumput bermuda, bermuda grass), Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass), Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Delphacidae: Delphacodes propinqua, Dicranotropis hamata, Laodelphax striatellus, Javasella pellucida, Ribauto-delphax notabilis, Sogatella vibix America: Argentina Asia: China, Iran, Israel, South Korea Europe: Czech, Slovakia, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia 359
66.Maize streak mastrevirus (MSV);(=Maize mottle virus, Maize streak monogeminivirus, Maize streak geminivirus, Maize streak virus, Sereal African streak virus, Sugarcane streak virus) I Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Poaceae Oat, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Secale cereale (rye) tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Cicadulina mbila, C.arachidis, C. bipunctella, C. triangula, C. bimaculata, C. similis, C.latens, C.ghaurii, C.parazeae. Nesoclutha declivata Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, RD.Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Réunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: USA Asia: India, Yemen,
67.Maize stripe tenuivirus (MSpV);(= Maize chlorotic stripe virus, Maize stripe virus, Sorghum chlorosis virus) I Zea mays (jagung, corn), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Avena sativa (oat, oats ), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Secale cereale (rye) tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Delphacidae: Peregrinus maidis Africa: Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, RD.Congo, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, Sao Tome & Principe, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guadeloupe, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Philippines Oceania: Australia
68.Maize white line mosaic virus (MWLMV);(= Maize dwarf ringspot virus, Maize white line virus) I Zea mays (jagung, corn) tanaman America: USA Europe: France, Italy 360
69.Orchid fleck rhabdovirus (OFV);(=Dendrobium leaf streak virus, Dendrobium virus, Laelia red leafspot, Short orchid rhabdovirus, Orchid rhabdovirus, Orchid fleck virus, Phalaenopsis chlorotic spot virus, Phalaenopsis hybrid virus, Phalaenopsis virus) I Orchidaceae tanaman America: Brazil, USA Asia: Japan Europe: Germany Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
70.Papaya mosaic potexvirus (PapMV);(= Argentine plantago potexvirus, Argentine plantago virus, Australian alternanthera potexvirus, Babaco yellow mosaic virus, Boussingaultia mosaic virus, Olive vein yellow virus, Papaya mild mosaic virus, Papaya mosaic virus, Pawpaw mild mosaic virus, Pawpaw mosaic virus, Portulaca virus, Salvia potexvirus, Trichosanthes virus, Ullucus potexvirus) I Carica papaya (papaya, papaw) daun, bibit tanaman, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa: Tanzania America: Dominica, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Brazil, Venezuela Oceania: Guam
71.Papaya necrosis virus;(=Papaya droopy necrosis virus (PDNV), Papaya apical necrosis virus (PANV)) I Caricapapaya (papaya, papaw) tanaman America: USA
72.Passion fruit woodiness virus (PWV);(=Passionfruit woodiness potyvirus) I Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Glycine max (soyabean), Passiflora edulis (markisa, passionfruit), Passiflora tanaman Africa: South Africa, America: Martinique, Brazil, Ceara, Goias, Asia: Japan, Oceania: Australia, Queensland, 361 suberosa (Corky passionflower), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower, Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) New Zealand, Samoa
73.Pea enation mosaic 1 enamovirus (PEMV-1);(= Pea enation mosaic virus-1, Pea enation mosaic virus, Pea enation mosaic virus 'group', Pea virus 1) I Vicia faba Cicer arietinum, Lathyrus odoratus, Lens culinaris, Medicago arabica, Pisum sativum, Trifolium incarnatum, Vicia sativa biji, tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Aphididae: Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus persicae America: USA, Canada Asia: China, Iran Europe: Austria, Czech, Slovakia, Germany, UK
74.Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV);(=Pea leaf-roll virus, Pea seed-borne mosaic virus) I Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Pisum sativum (green pea, pea) Vicia faba (broad bean) daun, tanaman Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia America: Brazil, Canada, Peru, USA Asia: India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Syria, Taiwan, Yemen Europe : Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
75.Pea streak carlavirus(PeSV); (= Alfalfa latent virus, Pea streak virus, Steinklee virus, Pea streak virus) I Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Leguminosae, Medicago sativa, Cicer arietinum tanaman America: Canada, USA Europe: widespread 362
76.Peach latent mosaic pelamoviroid(PLMVd); (=Peach latent mosaic viroid; Prunus virus 5; Peach yellow mosaic viroid; Peach yellow mosaic; Peach blotch; Peach virus 6; Peach American mosaic disease; Peach American mosaic pathogen; Peach mosaic; Peach calico) I Prunus persica (peach) Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum) buah, polong, bunga, daun, batang, tanaman. Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Uruguay Asia: China, Japan, Lebanon, Syria Europe: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Greece, Italy, Romania, Montenegro, Spain Oceania: Australia
77.Peach rosette mosaic nepovirus (PRMV);(=Grape decline virus, Grapevine degeneration virus, Peach rosette mosaic virus, Rosette mosaic virus) I Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Prunus persica Vaccinium corymbosum, Rumex crispus, Solanum carolinense, Taraxacum officinale biji, batang, daun, buah, suluran (stolon), tanah, media tanam Vektor: Dorylaimidae, Longidoridae: Xiphinema americanum, Longidorus diadecturus Africa: Egypt America: Canada, USA Asia: India, Turkey
78.Peanut chlorotic streak caulimovirus (PCSV);(=Peanut chlorotic streak virus, Peanut chlorotic streak soymovirus) I Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut) Canavalia ensiformis, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Glycine max, Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea), tanaman Asia: India 363 Spinacia oleracea, Vicia faba(kacang babi, broad bean), Vigna radiata,
79.Peanut clump pecluvirus (PCV);(= Peanut clump furovirus, Peanut clump virus, Indian peanut clump virus (IPCV)) I Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Setaria Italyca (foxtail millet) biji, tanaman Vektor: Protozoa, Plasmodiophorace ae: Polymyxa graminis Africa: Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Senegal Asia: India, Pakistan
80.Peanut stunt cucumovirus (PSV);(= Black locust true mosaic virus, Clover blotch virus, Groundnut stunt virus, Peanut common mosaic virus, Peanut stunt virus, Robinia mosaic virus) I Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), pea, Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea) biji, tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Aphididae: Aphis craccivora, A. spiraecola, Myzus persicae Africa: Morocco, Sudan America: USA Asia: China, Japan, Korea Europe: France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain, Georgia
81.Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV);(=Pepino mosaic potexvirus) I Solanum lycopersicum (tomat), Solanum muricatum, Ocimum basilicum, Amaranthus graecizans, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus viridis, Calendula arvensis, Chenopodium murale, Chrysanthemum segetum, Convolvulus arvensis, buah, polong, daun. Africa: South Africa, America: Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, USA Asia: Syria Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom 364 Convolvulus humilis, Malva neglecta, Malva nicaeensis, Malva parviflora, Malva sylvestris, Plantago lagopus, Plantago major, Solanum nigrum, Sonchus asper, Sonchus oleraceus, Sonchus tenerrimus, Lens culinaris (lentil)
82.Plum pox potyvirus (PPV); (=Plum pox virus; Prunus virus 7; Annulus pruni; Sharka virus) I Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum) Juglans regia (walnut), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus besseyi (bessey cherry), Prunus cerasifera (myrobalan plum), Prunus spinosa (blackthorn), Prunus tomentosa (Nanking cherry tree) (Wild hosts): Prunus glandulosa (flowering almond), Prunus japonica (Japanese bush cherry tree), Prunus serotina (black cherry) buah, polong, daun, batang, akar, biji, bibit. Africa: Egypt America: Canada, USA, Argentina, Chile Asia: India, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Syria, Turkey Europe: Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine, UK 365
83.Potato black ringspot nepovirus (PBRSV);(=Andean potato calico strain of tobacco ringspot virus, Andean potato calico strains nepovirus, Potato black ringspot virus, Potato calico strain of tobacco ringspot virus) I Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Arracacia xanthorrhiza, Oxalis tuberose umbi, tanaman America: Peru
84.Potato mop-top pomovirus (PMTV); (= Potato mop-top furovirus, Potato mop-top virus) I Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) umbi, tanaman Vektor:Protozoa, Plasmodiophorace ae: Spongospora subterranea America: Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Peru, USA Asia: China: Taiwan, Israel, Japan, Pakistan Europe: Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, UK
85.Potato spindle tuber pospiviroid (PSTVd);(= Potato spindle viroid, Spindle tuber viroid, Potato gothic virus, Tomato bunchy top viroid) I Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado) Beta vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beet) biji, umbi (tuber), polen, tanaman Vektor:Hemiptera , Aphididae: Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae Africa: Egypt, Nigeria, Argentina America: Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Peru, USA, Venezuela Asia: Afghanistan, China, India Europe: Belarus, Germany, Poland, Russia (Southern Russia), Ukraine Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
86.Potato T trichovirus (PVT);(= Potato T capillovirus, Potato virus T) I Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) S: Oxalis tuberosa, Ullucus tuberosus umbi, biji, tanaman America: Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay
87.Potato U nepovirus(PVU);(=Potato virus I Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), umbi, biji America: Peru 366 U) Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato) Vektor:orylaimida e, Longidoridae: Longidorussp.
88.Potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV);(=Potato yellow dwarf rhabdovirus, Potato yellow dwarf nucleorhabdovirus) I Solanum tuberosum (potato) Mirabilis jalapa, Nicotiana alata, Tagetes erecta, Zinnia elegans, Solanaceae, Solanum, Apocynoideae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Lamioideae, Nicotiana clevelandii, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Polygalaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Catharanthus roseus (Pink periwinkle), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Mirabilis jalapa (marvel of Peru), Nicotiana alata (sweet-scented tobacco), Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Zinnia elegans (zinnia), Anthemis umbi (bulbs/ tubers/ corms/ rhizomes) America: Canada, USA 367 cotula (dog fennel), Brassica nigra (black mustard), Erysimum cheiranthoides (Treacle mustard), Lepidium campestre (Field cress), Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress), Verbascum thapsus (Aaron's-rod)
89.Potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV);Nucleorhabdovirus; (=Potato yellow dwarf nucleorhabdovirus; Potato yellow dwarf rhabdovirus, Yellow dwarf of potato) I Solanum tuberosum (potato) Catharanthus roseus (Pink periwinkle), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Mirabilis jalapa (marvel of Peru), Nicotiana alata (sweet- scented tobacco), Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Zinnia elegans (zinnia) (Wild hosts): Anthemis cotula (dog fennel), Brassica nigra (black mustard), Erysimum cheiranthoides (Treacle mustard), Lepidium campestre (Field cress), Lepidium virginicum (n peppercress), Verbascum thapsus (Aaron's-rod) umbi (tubers, bulbs), tunas, daun, akar, batang, organ vegetatif, tanaman America: Canada, USA 368
90.Potato yellow vein crinivirus (PYVV); (= Potato yellow vein virus, Potato vein-yellowing disease, Potato yellow vein disease) I Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) umbi, tanaman Vektor:Hemiptera , Aleyrodidae: Trialeurodes vaporariorum America: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
91.Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRSV);(= Rose line pattern virus, European plum line pattern virus, Hop B virus, Hop C virus, Peach ringspot virus, Plum line pattern virus, Prunus ringspot virus, Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus, Red currant necrotic ringspot virus, Rose chlorotic mottle virus, Rose vein banding virus, Rose yellow vein mosaic virus, Sour cherry necrotic ringspot virus) I Prunus persica, Prunus cerasus, Prunus persica, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus dulcis (almon, almond), Humulus, Cucumis sativus (ketimun, cucumber) biji, polen, batang, tanaman Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia, America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA, Uruguay, Asia: Afghanistan, China, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand
92.Radish enation mosaic virus (RaMV);(=Radish mosaic virus, Radish mosaic comovirus) I Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica oleracea (cabbages, cauliflowers), Brassica rapa. oleifera (turnip rape), Raphanus sativus tanaman Africa: Morocco America: USA Asia: India, Japan, Europe: Austria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, 369 (lobak, radish) Brassica napus var. napobrassica (swede), Eruca vesicaria (purple- vein rocket) Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Bosnia, Germany, Hungary, Italy,
93.Raspberry ringspot nepovirus(RpRSV);(= Raspberry ringspot virus, Raspberry Scottish leaf curl virus, Red currant ringspot virus, Red currant ringspot virus) I Rubus spp. (raspberry), Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry)Ligustrum vulgare, Narsisus pseudonar cissus, Ribes, Weigela Daphne, Forsythia, Phlox, Cynara scolymus biji, pollen, tanaman Vektor: orylaimidae, Longidoridae: Longidorus elongatus, L. macrosoma Asia: Kazakhstan, Turkey, Siberia Europe: Albania, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom
94.Red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV);(=Red clover vein mosaic carlavirus, Clover (red) vein mosaic virus. Marmor trifolii, pea stunt virus) I Medicago sativa (alfalva, lucerne), Trifolium pratense (purple clover) Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pisum sativum (pea), tanaman America: USA, Europe: Germany, Lithuania, Netherlands, 370 Trifolium repens (white clover)
95.Rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus (RBSDV);(=Rice black streak virus; Rice streak dwarf virus; Black streaked dwarf disease) I Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn) Beckmannia syzigachne (american sloughgrass), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue), Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Phleum pratense (timothy), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass), Secale cereale (rye), Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Triticum (wheat) biji, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah America: Argentina Asia: China, Japan, Korea
96.Rice dwarf phytoreovirus(RDV); (= Rice mosaic virus, Rice dwarf virus, Rice stunt, Oryza virus 1) I Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Asia: China, India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam Europe: Bulgaria 371 Nephotettix cincticeps, N. nigropictus, Nephotettix spp., Recilia dorsalis
97.Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus (RHBV); (= Echinochloa hoja blanca virus, Rice hoja blanca virus) I Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Avena sativa (oat, oats ) Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Secale cereale (rye) tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Delphacidae: Tagosodes orizicolus America: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela
98.Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV);(= Rice stripe virus) I Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) Zea mays (jagung, corn), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Secale cereale (rye), Panicum miliaceum (rumput-rumputan) tanaman, biji (kontaminan) Vektor:Hempitera, Delphacidae: Laodelphax striatellus, Terthron albovittatum, Unkanodes sapporona, U. albifascia Asia: Siberia, China, Japan, Korea Europe: Russia
99.Rice yellow mottle sobemovirus (RYMV);(= Rice yellow mottle virus) I Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) tanaman Vektor: Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Sesselia pusilla, Chaetocnema spp., Dactylispa Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania: Zanzibar, Zimbabwe 372 spp., Dicladisa viridicyanea, Trichispa sericea, Chrysomelidae lain
100.Rice yellow stunt nucleorhabdovirus (RTYV);(=Rice yellow stunt virus, Rice transitory yellowing virus, Rice transitory yellowing rhabdovirus) I Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) tanaman Vektor:Hemiptera , Cicadellidae: Nephotettix cincticeps, N. nigropictus, N. virescens Asia: China, Japan, Lao, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam,
101.Rose wilt agent;(=Rose wilt disease, Rose leaf curl, Rose stunt, Rose dieback, Rose little leaf, Rose spring dwarf) I Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang, tanaman Africa: South Africa America: USA Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
102.Satsuma dwarf nepovirus(SDV);(= Citrus mosaic virus, Natsudaidai dwarf virus, Navel orange infectious mottling virus, Citrus satsuma dwarf nepovirus, Citrus (navel orange) infectious mottling virus, Satsuma dwarf virus, Satsuma dwarf sadwavirus) I Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange) mata tunas, biji, tanaman Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Korea, Turkey
103.Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV);(= Southern bean mosaic sobemovirus, Bean southern mosaic virus, Southern bean mosaic virus 1, Bean mosaic virus 4, Marmor laesiofaciens, Phaseolusvirus I Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) Glycine max (soyabean) bibit, daun, biji. Africa: Benin, ivory coast, Ghana, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo, America: Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Mexico, USA, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Asia: China, India, Pakistan, Europe: Armenia, Azerbaijan, 373 laedens) Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, France,
104.Strawberry crinkle rhabdovirus (SCrV);(=Strawberry crinkle virus, Strawberry latent virus A, Strawberry crinkle cytorhabdovirus, Strawberry latent virus B, Strawberry latent A, (mild form), Strawberry latent A, strawberry latent B, Strawberry lesion A, Strawberry lesion B, Strawberry vein chlorosis) I Fragaria ananassa Fragaria sp. (strawberry) bunga, buah, bibit tanaman Africa: South Africa America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Brazil, Chile Asia: China, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Serbia- Montenegro, Slovakia, UK, Scotland Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand
105.Strawberry latent C rhabdovirus (STLCV);(=Strawberry latent C virus) I Fragaria ananassa, Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry) Fragaria sp. suluran (stolon) Vektor: Hemiptera, Aphididae: Chaetosiphon fragaefolii America: Canada, USA Asia: Japan
106.Strawberry latent ringspot nepovirus(SLRSV); (= Aesculus line pattern virus, Rhubarb virus 5, Strawberry latent ring spot virus, Strawberry latent ringspot sadwavirus) I Apium graveolens, Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Lilium, Narsisus, Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium, biji, tanaman Vektor: Dorylaimida, Longidoridae: Xiphinema diversicaudatum, X. coxi, America: USA Asia: Turkey Europe: Belgium, Czech, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, UK (England, Wales), Northern 374 Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Rheum hybridum, Ribes nigrum, R.rubrum, Rubus fruticosa, Trifolium repens, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine). Aesculus, Humulus lupulus, Pastinaca sativa Paralongidorus maximus Ireland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia
107.Strawberry mild yellow edge potexvirus (SMYEV);(=Strawberry mild yellow edge disease; Strawberry yellow edge; Strawberry mild yellow edge virus; Strawberry mild yellow edge associated virus; Strawberry xanthosis; strawberry virus 2) I Fragaria (strawberry), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Fragaria chiloensis (Chilean strawberry), Fragaria ovalis, Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry), Fragaria na (scarlet strawberry (UK)) bunga, buah, bibit tanaman Africa: South Africa America: Canada, USA, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay Asia: China, Israel, Japan Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
108.Strawberry vein banding caulimovirus (SVBV);(=Strawberry vein banding virus; Strawberry virus 5) I Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry), Fragaria (strawberry), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry) daun, bibit tanaman America: Canada, USA, Brazil, Chile Asia: China, Japan Europe: Czech, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, UK Oceania: Australia
109.Sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (SCBV);(= Sugarcane bacilliform virus) I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) tunas, batang, mata tunas America: Cuba, Morocco, USA 375
110.Sugarcane mild mosaic virus (SCMMV) I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah Vektor: Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae: Saccharicoccus sacchari Africa: South Africa, Malawi, Madagascar, Mauritius, Chad, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Zambia America: USA 
111.Sugarcane yellow leaf luteovirus (ScYLV);(= Sugarcane yellow leaf virus) I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) S.robustum, S. sinensis, S.spontaneum batang, suluran (stolon), tanaman Vektor:Hemiptera , Aphididae: Melanaphis sacchari, Rhopalosiphum maidis Africa: Morocco, Uganda, Senegal, Kenya, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Reunion, Mauritius America: USA, Mexico, Cuba, Dominica, Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Hawai, Jamaica, Barbados, Guatemala, El Salvador Asia: Iran, India, Thailand Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea
112.Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV);(= Tobacco necrosis necorvirus, Bean stipple steak virus, Cucumber necrosis virus, Tulip necrosis virus, Chenopodium necrosis necrovirus cucumber systemic necrosis virus Euonymus mosaic virus strawberry necrotic rosette virus tulip Augusta disease virus) I Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Daucus carota (carrot), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Tulipa (tulip) Beta vulgaris (beetroot), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), Euonymus daun, akar, umbi, batang, tanaman. Africa: South Africa Amerika: Canada, USA, Brazil Asia: China, India, Japan, Turkey Europe: Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russian Federation, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Oceania: Australia (Queensland), New Zealand 376 europaeus, Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Malus domestica (apple), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Pisum sativum (pea), Prunus domestica (plum), Pyrus communis (European pear), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) Fraxinus excelsior (ash), Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen)
113.Tobacco rattle virus (TRV); (=Aster ringspot virus, Belladonna mosaic virus, Potato stem mottle virus, Peony mosaic virus, Peony ringspot virus, Paeony mosaic virus, Paeony ringspot virus, Potato corky ringspot virus, Ratel virus, Tabakmauche virus, Tabakstreifenund Kra, Spinach yellow mottle virus, Tobacco rattle tobravirus, Tobacco rattle I Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Freesia, Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Iris (irises), Lilium candidum (madonna lily), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Secale cereale (rye), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Tulipa (tulip) Allium cepa (onion), tunas, daun, batang, bagian vegetatif tanaman. Africa: Egypt, South Africa, Tunisia America: Cuba, Canada, USA, Bolivia, Brazil Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Uzbekistan Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia 377 virus, Tulip white streak virus, Oregon yellow virus, Spinach yellow mottle, Fraxinus virus) Allium sativum (garlic), Alstroemeria (Inca lily), Anemone (windflower), Brassica sp., Cyclamen, Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe artichoke), Fraxinus (ashes), Hosta spp., Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lilium longiflorum (Easter lily), Narcissus (daffodil), Peperomia, Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Phlox, Phlox paniculata (summer perennial phlox) (Wild hosts): Amaranthus (grain amaranth), Artemisia (wormwoods), Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort), Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Galium mollugo (Hedge bedstraw), Malva (mallow), Physalis (Groundcherry), Plantago (Plantain), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Rumex (Dock), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Sonchus (Sowthistle), Stellaria and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 378 media (common chickweed), Tussilago farfara (Colt's-foot), Viola arvensis (feld pansy)
114.Tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV); (=Asparagus stunt virus, Asparagusstunt virus, Black raspberry latent ilarvirus, Black raspberry latent virus, Bean red node strain, Black raspberry latent strain, Datura quercina virus, New logan virus, Nicotiana virus 8, Nicotiana virus vulnerans, Strawberry necrotic shock virus, Tractus orae, Tobacco streak virus) I Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Fragaria, Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Cynara scolymus, Gossypium herbaceum, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Lactuca sativa (letus, lettuce), Medicago sativa, Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak, cowpea), Vigna angularis, Pisum sativum, Rubus sp. (black raspberry), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium pratense buah, bunga, daun, tunas, akar, batang, biji Africa: South Africa America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Peru, USA, Venezuela Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Singapore Europe: Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Netherlands, Norway, Scotland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 379 Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Cichorium endivia, Cicer arietinum, Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cyphomandra betacea, Dahlia, Eustoma grandiflorum, Gladiolus hybrids, Melilotus alba, raspberry, Rubus ursinus, Trigonella foenumgraecum
115.Tomato aspermy cucumovirus (TAV);(= Chrysanthemum aspermy virus, Chrysanthemum mild mottle virus, Tomato aspermy cucumovirus, Chrysanthemum mosaic virus, Cucumis virus 1, Lycopersicon virus 7) I Chrysanthemumspp. (krisan, chrysant), aster, Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Canna sp., Lilium sp., Mentha spicata, Petunia hybrida, Zinnia elegans biji, tanaman Vektor: Hemiptera, Aphididae: Myzus persicae America: Canada, USA Asia: China, India, Japan, Europe: Estonia, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Poland, Romania Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
116.Tomato black ring nepovirus (TBRV); (Bean ringspot virus; Beet ringspot virus; Lettuce ringspot virus; Potato bouquet virus; Potato pseudo-aucuba virus, Tomato black ring virus) I Allium cepa (onion), Allium porrum (leek), Apium graveolens (celery), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Brassica napus var. napobrassica (swede), Brassica rapa subsp. biji, polong, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah America: Chile Asia: India, Japan, Turkey Europe: Albania, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, 380 rapa (turnip), Capsicum (peppers), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe artichoke), Fragaria (strawberry), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Narcissus (daffodil), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Prunus persica (peach), Ribes (currants), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Forsythia intermedia (Golden bells), Syringa vulgaris (lilac) (Wild hosts): Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Herbaceous hosts, Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle), Sambucus nigra (elder) Serbia and Montenegro, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Scotland 381
117.Tomato ringspot nepovirus (ToRSV);(=Tomato ringspot virus, Prunus stem pitting virus, Blackberry (Himalaya) mosaic virus, Nicotiana 13 virus, Tobacco ringspot virus 2, Peach stem pitting virus, Prune brown line virus, Gravelins yellow vein virus, Red currant mosaic vurus, Winter peach mosaic virus, Apple union necrotic nepovirus) I Fragaria chiloensis (Chilean strawberry), Malus domestica (apple), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Ribes (currants), Rubbus (blackberry, Raspberry), Rubbus idaeus (raspberry), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), biji, tanaman, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah Africa: Egypt, Togo, Tunisia America: Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Venezuela Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Turkey Europe: Belarus, Belgium, Bulgarium, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 382 B. JENIS-JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA(KATEGORI A2) I. SERANGGA (INSECTS) No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME GOLONGAN / GROUP INANG/ HOST MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAY DAERAH SEBAR/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1.Acanthoscelides obtectus Say.;(=Acanthoscelides irresectus Fåhraeus =Acanthoscelides tetricus Gyllenhal =Bruchidius obsoletus=Bruchidius obtectus Say =Bruchus fabae Riley =Bruchus irresectus=Bruchus obsoletus (Say) =Bruchus obtectus Say =Bruchus tetricus Gyllenhal =Laria obtectus Say =Larra irresectus=Mylabris obtectus Say); Coleoptera: Bruchidae; bean bruchid, American seed beetle, bean beetle, bean weevil, common bean weevil, dried bean beetle, dried bean weevil II Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus lunatus(lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean) Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Lathyrus sativus (grasspea), Phaseolus acutifolius (tepary bean), Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Pisum sativum (pea), Vicia faba (faba bean), Vigna unguiculata(kacang panjang, cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, corn) biji Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi Afrika: Angola,Burundi, Congo DR, Egypt, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, Reunion, Saint Helena, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America:Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Savador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Venezuela Asia:Armenia, India,Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam 383 Eropa: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
2.Aleurodicus dugesiiCockerell; Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae; giant whitefly II Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia longifolia, Acacia saligna, Acalypa hispida, Allamanda cathartica, Aralia, Bambusa, Bauhinia galpinni, Begonia, Bishofia javanica, Bombax sp., Bougainvillea variegate, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Brachychiton spp., Buxus japonica,Calliandra sp., Canna sp., Capsicum frutescens (cabai rawit, chillies), Cinnamomum, Citrus, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Codiaeum variegatum, Colacasia (Elephant ear, taro), Cyperus papyrus (papyrus), Dahlia pinnata, Erythrina sp.,Eucalyptus buah, batang, daun, tanaman Indonesia: Jawa America: USA, Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador,Guatemala Asia: Pakistan 384 spp., Eugenia uniflora, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Ficus spp., Heliconia sp., Hibiscus spp., Hoya sp., Jasmine sambac, Mandevilla, Morus alba (murbei, mulberry), Mucuna bennetti, Murraya paniculata (kemuning, mock orange), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Nandina domestica,Neomarica longifolia,Osteospermum sp., Passiflora sp., Pelargonium sp., Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Phaseolus lunatus, Philodendron spp., Plumeria, Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Ricinus communis (jarak kepyar, castor oil bean), Secium edule, Solanum sp.
3.Altha alastorTams.; Lepidoptera: Limacadidae; ulat siput/slug caterpillar, the moth of borneo II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) dan Palmae lainnya, Bombax (Bombacaceae) batang,daun, bunga, buah Indonesia: Sulawesi
4.Amblypelta theobromaBrown; Hemiptera: Coreidae; coconut bug II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) batang, daun, buah Indonesia: Papua Oceania: Papua New Guinea
5.Atherigona soccataRond.; (=Atherigona indica =A. indica II Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) batang Indonesia: Maluku Africa: Burkina Faso, Congo 385 ssp. infuscata=A. varia var. soccata); Diptera: Muscidae; Sorghum shoot (stem) fly, great fly, millet stem fly, millet stem maggot Brachiaria reptans (sprawling panicum), Cymbopogon citratus (serai wangi, citronella grass), Cymbopogon ceasius, Cynodon dactylon (bermuda grass), Desmostachya bipinnata (halfa grass), Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass), Echinochloa colona (junglerice), Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Eleusine coracana (jaba, finger’s millet), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Eragrostis japonica (delicate lovegrass), Eriochloa procera (tropical cupgrass), Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass), Panicum antidotale (elbow grass), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Panicum repens (torpedo grass), Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum), Pennisetum glaucum (bajra, pearl millet), Pennisetum (feather grass), Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch Democratic Republic, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Réunion, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe. Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iraq, Israel, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam. Europe: Italy. 386 grass), Setaria intermedia, Setaria pumila (yellow foxtail), Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtai), Sorghum arundinaceum, Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Sorghum propinquum, Sorghum purpureosericeum, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Urochloa brizantha (palisadegrass), Urochloa distachya, Zea mays (jagung, corn), Brachiaria brizantha, Oryza sativa (padi, paddy )
6.Bactrocera bryoniaeTryon; (=Chaetodacus bryoniae); Diptera: Tephritidae; fruit fly II Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisa, granadilla, passion-fruit), Bryonopsis affinis, Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Capsicum frutescens (cabai rawit, chilies) buah, media tanam, tanah Indonesia:Bali, Kalimantan, Papua, Maluku Utara. Oceania: Australia, French Polynesia, New Caledonia.
7.Bactrocera musaeTryon.; (=Chaetodacus musae =C. tryoni var. musae =Dacus musae=Strumeta musae); Diptera: Tephritidae; banana fruit fly II Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Psidium guajava (jambu biji (seed), guava) buah, media tanam, tanah Indonesia: Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, Papua, Jawa (Barat) Asia: Philippines. Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea, Bismarck, Solomon Islands.
8.Bactrocera occipitalis Bezzi; II Averrhoa carambola buah Indonesia:Bali, Kepulauan Riau, 387 (=Dacus occipitalis = Dacus dorsalis var. occipitalis =Chaetodacus occipitalis Bezzi = Chaetodacus ferrugineus var. occipitalis Bezzi =Strumeta pedestris var. occipitalis); Diptera: Tephritidae (belimbing, carambola, star fruit), Citrus reticulata (jeruk mandarin, mandarin, tangerine, mandarin orange), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Achras (=Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Spondias purpurea (plum, red mombin) Kalimantan (Barat, Tengah, Timur, Selatan), Maluku Utara, NTB, Sulawesi (Barat, Tenggara, Selatan) Asia: Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Philippines.
9.Bemisia argentifoliiGennadius; (=B.tabaci- biotype); Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae; silverleaf white fly, sweet potato white fly B-biotype, II Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Solanumlycopersicum(toma t, tomato), Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell-pepper, hot pepper, chilies), Euphorbia pulcherrima, Lactuca sativa (salada, lettuce), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant) Brassicaceae, Fagaceae, Geraniaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Passifloraceae, Rosaceae, batang, daun, buah, bunga Indonesia: Jawa Africa:Egypt, Mauritius, South Africa, Tunisia. America: Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala,Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela. Asia: China, Taiwan, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Turkey, Yemen. Europe: Austria, Cyprus, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands, UK Oceania: American Samoa, 388 Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, Acer, Amaranthus, Mentha, Bombacaceae. Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands.
10.Chaetanaphothrips orchidiiMoulton; (=Anaphothrips orchidii =Euthrips orchidii =Physothrips orchidii =Taeniothrips orchidii); Thysanoptera: Thripidae; anthurium thrips, orchid thrips II Anthurium andreanum, Alternanthera(joyweed), Bougainvillea, Chrysanthemum(daisy), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Petroselinum crispum(peterseli, parsley), Zea mays (jagung, corn) Acer palmatum, Adiantum(japanese maple), Adiantum (maidenhair ferns), Allium (onions, garlic, leek, etc), Amaranthus(grain amaranth), Begonia, Citrus reticulataxparadisi (tangelo), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (jeruk bali, pommel, grapefruit), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Coix lacryma-jobi (jail, Job’s tears), Cryptotaenia canadensis, Euphorbia(spurges), Epiphyllum, Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, batang, daun, bunga, tanah Indonesia: Jawa Africa: Mauritius, Sao Tome and Principe. America:Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii. Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka. Europe: Italy, Poland Oceania: Australia, Tonga. 389 sweetpotato), Iresine(blood- leaf), Litchi sinensis (leci, lychee), Lycopersicon, Passiflora(passion flower), Paspalum conjugatum(sour paspalum), Piper(pepper), Pisonia, Orchid, ornamental plants
11.Chrysomphalus aonidum L; (=Aonidiella ficorum =Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) aonidum=A.(Chrysomphalus) ficus =A.aonidum =A. ficorum =Aspidiotus ficus =Coccus aonidum); Hemiptera: Diaspididae; red scale, Sircular black scale II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus maxima (pummelo), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit) Asparagus officinalis (asparaga, asparagus), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Camelia sinensis (teh, tea), Cinnamomum verum(cinnamon), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Dracaena, Dracaena reflexa, Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Lauraceae,Palmaceae, Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Musa x paradisiaca batang, daun, buah Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi, Sumatera. Africa: Algeria, Burundi, Comoros, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana,Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, United States Virgin Islands, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela 390 (plantain), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date- palm), Pinus merkusii (pinus, pinetree), Pinus (pines) Asia: Bhutan, British Indian Ocean Territory, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan,Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen. Europe: Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Malta, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Serbia, Slovenia Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu.
12.Chrysomphalus dictyospermiMorgan; (=Aspidiotus (Chrysom phalus) dictyospermi=A. agrumicula =A. arecae =A. dictyospermi =A. dictyospermi v. arecae =A. dictyospermi v. jamaicensis =A. II Albizia julibrissin (silk tree), Areca, Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut-pam), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citus maxima batang, daun, buah Indonesia: Jawa, Papua, Sumatera US Minor Outlying Islands: Johnston Island. Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, Congo, DR Congo,Ivory Coast, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, 391 jamaicensis (=Amangiferae =Chrysomphalus arecae =C.castigatus =C. dictyospermatis =C. jamaicensis =C. mangiferae =C. minor); Hemiptera: Diaspididae; dictyospermum scale (pummelo), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Citrus unshiu (satsuma), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Dracaena, Olea (olive), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (zaitun, olive),Howea, Palmaceae lainnya, Solanaceae, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Manihot, Musa (pisang, banana), Musa x paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Plumeria, Rosa(roses), Plumeria (frangipani), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant), Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay-apple), Taxus baccata(english yew), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) Acacia (wattles), Acer palmatum (Japanese maple), Agave, Aloe (grey alder), Annona, Araucaria angustifolia (Paraná pine), Artocarpus (breadfruit Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El savador, Ecuador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, South Carolina, Uruguay, United States Virgin Islands, Venezuela. Asia:Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, China, Georgia (Republic), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea),Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam. Europe:Albania, Bulgaria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Croatia,Estonia,France,Georgia, 392 trees), Asparagus, Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo), Buxus (box), Cactaceae (cacti), Camellia, Carica papaya (pepaya, papaw), Ceratonia siliqua (locust bean), Cinnamomum, Colocasia, Crataegus (hawthorns), Cupressus macrocarpa (monterey cypress), Cycas, Cymbidium, Cypripedium, Dendrobium, Dictyosperma, Diospyros (malabar ebony), Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm), Erythrina variegata (Indian coral tree), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tree), Eugenia, Euphorbia regis-jubae, Ficus, Fraxinus (ashes), Grevillea, Hedera (Ivy), Hibiscus syriacus (shrubby althaea), Howea forsteriana (paradise palm), Latania, Laurus (laurel), Ligustrum (rivet), Macadamia tetraphylla (rough-shell macadamia nut), Malus (ornamental species apple), Monstera deliciosa Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Portugal, Poland, Malta,Moldova, Montenegro, Macedonia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Russia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Slovakia Republic, UK, Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Federated states of Micronesia, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu. 393 (ceriman), Morus (mulberrytree), Myristica (nutmeg), Nerium oleander (oleander), Phoenix (date palm), Phormium, Pinus (pines), Pistacia, Pittosporum, Platanus (planes), Populus (poplars), Prunus (stone fruit), Psidium guajava (guava), Punica, Pyrus (pears), Quercus (oaks), Rhamnus (Buckthorn), Roystonea, Ruscus, Rute (rue), Salix (willows), Sida, Sophora, Spondias (purple mombin), Strelitzia, Tamarindus, Thuja occidentalis (Eastern white cedar), Thuja occidentalis (Eastern white cedar), Vanilla planifolia (vanilla), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Xanthosoma (cocoyam), Yucca
13.Contarinia sorghicolaCoquillet; (=Contarinia sorghicola =C. saltata =C. andropogonis =C. palposa=Diplosis sorghicola =Allocontarinia sorghicola); Diptera: Cecidomyiidae; ganjur (sorgum)/Sorghum midge II Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Sorghum arundinaceum, Sorghum dochna, Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Sorghum sudanense (sudan grass), rerumputan (Triodia flava, Setaria biji, bunga Indonesia: Jawa Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, 394 qlauce, Andropogon gayanus) Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Trinidad and Tobago, USA, United States Virgin Islands, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: India, Iran, Japan, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Yemen Europe: France, Italy, Russia. Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea.
14.Coptotermes gestroiWasmann; Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae; Asian subterranean termite II Pinus, Albizia, Hevea, other wood batang, kayu Indonesia: Jawa Africa: Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion America: Antigua, Barbados, Brazil, CaymanIslands, Mexico, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St Kitts and Nevis, USA, US Virgin Islands Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand Europe: Italy Oceania: French Polynesia
15.Darna bradleyiHolloway; II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa batang, daun Indonesia: Sumatera 395 (=Ploneta bradleyi); Lepidoptera: Limacodidae; ulat api/fire worm sawit, oilpalm)
16.Darna catenatus Snellen; (=Orthocraspeda catenata (Snellen)=Orthocraspeda catenatus); Lepidoptera: Limacodidae. II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oil palm), Metroxylon sagu (palem sagu, sago palm) daun Indonesia: Sulawesi, Papua
17.Dihammus rusticatorF.; (=Dihammus fistulator =Monochamus fistulator = Acalolepta fistulator = A.rusticator); Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; penggerek batang / stem borer II Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, arabica coffee), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Jatropha sp. (jarak iri, Barbados nut tree), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Ricinus communis (jarak kepyar, castor oil bean), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant) batang, daun, akar Indonesia: Sumatera
18.Dorysthenes buquetiGuerin- Meneville; (=Lophosternus buqueti); Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; longhorn beetle II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo), Spondias pinnata (kedondong, otaheitte apple), Leucaena glauca (lamtoro gung, horse tamarind) Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) batang, daun Indonesia: Jawa Asia : India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand. 396
19.Dysmicoccus brevipes Cockerell; Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; pineapple mealybug II Ananas comusus (Nanas, pineapple), Anacardium occidentale (kacang mete, cashew nut), Annona muricata (sirsak, soursop), Annona reticulata (bullock’s heart),Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (Chinese cabbage), Canna indica (canna lilly), Capsicum (peppers), Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina), Citrus, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Coffea arabica (kopi, arabica coffee), Colocasia esculenta (talas, taro), Cucumis sativus (ketimun, cucumber), Cucurbita (labu, pumpkin), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oil palm), Ficus, Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Malus buah, batang, daun, tanaman Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera Africa: Angola, Benin,Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon,Chad, Congo, Egypt, Ghana,Guinea,Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia,South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia America:Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize,Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman Island, Central America & Caribbean, Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,El Salvador, French Guiana,Guyana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Peru, Mexico, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Uruguay, USA, United States Virgin Islands Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, 397 domestica (apel, apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Musa (pisang, banana), Persea americana (avokad, avocado), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date- palm), Piper betle (betel pepper), Poaceae (grasses), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Theobroma cacao (coklat, cocoa), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Trifolium repens (white clover), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily), Rhapis excelsa Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam Europe: Italy, Portugal, Spain Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Federated states of Micronesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Island, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands
20.Dysmicoccus neobrevipesBeardsley; Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; gray pineapple mealybug II Acacia (wattles), Achras(= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Agave sisalana, Aglaonema, Alpinia, buah, batang, daun, tanaman Indonesia Jawa America:Jamaica, Mexico, USA Asia: Fiji, Malaysia, Philippines,Taiwan, Thailand 398 Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel), Ananas comosus (naenas, pineapple), Annona, Arachis, Artocarpus (breadfruit), Barringtonia, Cajanus, Citrus, Clerodendrum (Fragrant clerodendron), Coccoloba (sea grape), Codiaeum (ornamental croton), Coffea (coffee), Cresentia alata,Cucurbita maxima(waluh, labu parang, pumpkin), Garcinia mangostana (manggis, mangosteen), Gossypium (cotton), Guettarda, Heliconia, Solanumlycopersicum(toma t, tomato), Musa (pisang, banana), Opuntia (Pricklypear), Pandanus (screw-pine), Phaseolus (beans), Philodendron, Pipturus argentea,Piscidia piscipula, Polianthes, Punica, Samanea, Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant), Tectona, Theobroma, Thespesia, Vigna Eropa: Italy Oceania:Micronesia 399 unguiculata (cowpea), Wrightia arborea (lanete), Yucca
21.Heterobostrychus aequalis Waterhouse;Coleoptera; Bostrichidae powder post beetle II Camelia sinensis, Ceiba pentandra, Forest trees batang, kayu Indonesia: Jawa, Bali Africa: South Africa, Madagascar Asia: India, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh Europe: Germany Oceania: Papua New Guinea
22.Hexamitodera semivelutinaHeller.; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; penggerek batang (cengkeh)/stem borer II Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, clove) Syzygium spp., Eugenia spp., Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava) dan Myrtaceae lainnya batang Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatera Asia: Brunei Darussalam.
23.Icerya purchasiMaskell.; (=Pericerya purchasi); Hemiptera: Margarodidae; cottony cushion scale II Acacia(wattles), Acacia confusa, Acalypha(copperleaf), Albizia julibrissin (silk tree), Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina),Citrus, Cytisus (broom), Glycine soja (kedelai, soybean),Indigofera(indigo), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Morus alba (murbei, mulberry), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (kecipir, winged bean), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, batang, daun Indonesia: Jawa, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Papua. Africa: Algeria, Angola, Cape Verde, DR Congo, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Saint Helena, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, 400 guava), Pittosporum, Rosa, Ulex europaeus(gorse)Acacia dealbata (acacia bernier), Albizia procera (white siris), Baccharis, Begonia, Buxus sempervirens(common boxwood), Caesalpinia(divi- divi), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Camellia, Cassia(sennas), Casuarina, Choisya, Choisya ternata (mexican orange blossom), Crotalaria, Desmodium(tick clovers), Elaeagnus, Euphorbia(spurges), Fragaria(strawberry), Fuchsia, Hebe, Hedera helix (ivy), Hydrangea (Hydrangeas), Impatiens (balsam), Jasminum (jasmine), Juncus(rushes), Lantana camara (lantana), Laurus nobilis(Sweet bay), Maranta bicolor, Macadamia integrifolia(macadamia nut), Malpighia punicifolia,Malpighia glabra (acerola),Medicago Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Asia: Bangladesh, China, Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), Cocos Islands, Georgia (Republic), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen. Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Croatia,France, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, United Kingdom. Oceania: Australia, Federated States of Micronesia (Caroline Islands), Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, US Minor Outlying Islands 401 sativa(alfalfa, lucerne), Mimosa(sensitive plants), Morus nigra (murbei, blackmulberry), Nandina domestica(heavenly bamboo), Pelargonium(pelargoniums) , Pittosporum, Pittosporum tobira (japanese pittosporum)Plumbago, Plumbago zeylanica, Prunus (stone fruit), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyracantha coccinea (scarletfirethorn), Quercus (oaks), Ricinus communis (jarak kepyar,castor oil bean), Rosa (roses), Schinus(pepper tree), Senecio (groundsel),Spartium junceum(spanish broom), Spirarea, Syringa (lilac), Ros marinus officinalis (rosemary),Virgilia capensis(snowdrop tree)
24.Laodelphax striatella Fall.; (=Laodelphax striatellus =Calligypona marginata =C. striatella =Delphacodes striatella =Delphax notula =D. II Avena sativa (oats), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang, daun Indonesia: Sumatera Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia Asia: Armenia, China, Georgia (Republic of), India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), 402 striata =D. striatella =Liburnia akashiensis =L. devastans =L. gifuensis =L. haupti =L. maikoensis =L. marginata =L. minonensis =L. nipponica =L. striatella); Hemiptera: Delphacidae; smaller brown planthopper sugarcane), serealia lainnya (other cerealia), Triticum (wheat), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass), Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass), Echinochloa (barnyardgrass), Lolium (ryegrasses), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Philippines, Taiwan,Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Vietnam Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Sardinia, Moldova, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Swedia, Switzerland, Slovakia, Serbia, Slovenia, Ukraine, UK Oceania:Federated states ofMicronesia,Northern Mariana Islands
25.Liriomyza chinensisKato; Diptera: Agromyzidae; pengorok daun/onion leaves miner II Allium cepa (bawang bombai, onion) batang, daun Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi Asia: Japan, Malaysia, China, Singapore. Europe: France, Germany
26.Liriomyza trifoliiBurgess; (=Agromyza phaseolunata =Liriomyza alliovora =L. phaseolunata =Oscinis trifolii); Diptera: Agromyzidae; penggorok daun (leaves), serpentine leaf miner, American serpentine leaf miner, chrysanthemum leaf miner II Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, lady’s finger), Ageratum, Allium spp (onions, garlic, leek,etc) Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Aster, Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (bit gula, sugarbeet), Bidens(burmarigold), Brassica rapa cultivar batang, daun Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera Africa: Benin, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, 403 group Mizuna, Brassicarapa subsp. chinensis (pak-choi, Chinese cabbage), Chrysanthemum spp, Chrysanthemum morifolium (chrysanthemum (florists), Capsicum annuum (cabai besar, paprika, bell- pepper, hot pepper, chilies), Callistephus, Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita pepo (labu kuning, zucchini), Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), Dahlia, Dendranthema, Dianthus, Gaillardia, Gerbera(barbeton daisy), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium(cotton), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Gypsophila(baby’s breath), Helianthus(sunflower), Nasturtium officinale (selada air, watercress), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lathyrus (Vetchling), Solanumlycopersicum(toma Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Martinique, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, United State Virgin Island, Hawaii, Venezuela. Asia: China, India, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Republic of Korea (South Korea), Lebanon, Oman, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland,Serbia. Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Federated states of Micronesia, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Samoa, Tonga. 404 t, tomato), Medicago sativa(alfalfa, lucerne), Phaseolus spp. Phaseolus (beans),Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum(pea), Polyphagous (polyphagous), Salvia(sage), Senecio(grounsel), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Spinacia oleracea(spinach), Tagetes(marigold), Tropaeolum, Trifolium(cengkeh, clovers),Trifolium repens(white clover), Vicia (vetch), Vigna unguiculata(kacang panjang, cowpea), ZinniaAllium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Allium schoenoprasum (chives), Alstroemeria (inca lily), Ambrosia (ragweed), Antirrhinum (snapdragon), 405 Apium graveolens var. dulce (bleached celery), Arachis, Artemisia (wormwoods), Avena sativa (oats), Baccharis, Basella, Bellis,Cassia (sennas), Centaurea (knapweed),Carthamus, Cestrum (jessamine), Chenopodium (goosefoot), Chrysanthemum indicum (chrysanthemum), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Crataegus (hawthorns), Crotalaria, Cucurbita maxima (labu, giant pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Erigeron(fleabane), Eupatorium, Gazania, Gladiolus hybrids(sword lily), Glycine, Hordeum(barleys), Ipomoea (morning glory), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Linaria(toadflax),Luffa acutangula (angled luffa),Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah), Macrotyloma, Malva (mallow), Medicago, Macrotyloma, Melilotus 406 (melilots), Mollucella, Ocimum, Primula(primrose), Phlox, Physalis (groundcherry), Ricinus, Ricinuscommunis (castor bean), Sonchus (sowthistle), Taraxacum (dandelion), Tithonia, Tragopogon (goat’s-beard), Tribulus (caltrop), Trigonella, Typha (reedmace), Verbena (vervain), Xanthium (cocklebur)
27.Paraeucosmetus pallicornisDallas (=Gyndes pallicornis =Pachybrachius pallicornis); Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae (sumber: multidisplinary microbial ecology). II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Graminae batang, jerami, bulir Indonesia:Maluku (Buru), Maluku Utara, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, NTT Asia: Malaysia, Philippines
28.Paraleyrodes mineiLaccarino; Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae; nesting whitefly II Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus aurantium, Citrus limon, Citrus paradisi, Citrus reticulata, Persea americana, Cocos nucifera (kelapa) bagian tanaman Indonesia: Jawa Asia: China, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Syria America:Belize, Bemuda, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA Eropa: Italy, Portugal, Spain, Turkey 407
29.Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund).; (=Depressaria gossypiella =Ephestia gossypiella =Gelechiagossypiella =Gelechiella gossypiella =Platyedra gossypiella); Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae; pink bollworm, pink cotton bollworm II Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Abutilon spp. (Indian mallow), Abutilon indicum (country mallow), Gossypium, Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Hibiscus spp. (rosemallows), Hibiscuscannabinus (kenaf), Hibiscussabdariffa (jamaica sorrel), Malvaceae, Medicago sativa(alfalfa, lucerne) Althaea (hollyhocks), Gossypium arboreum (cotton, tree), Gossypium herbaceum (short staple cotton), buah, biji, tanah Indonesia: Jawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Sulawesi Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, United State Virgin Island, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela. Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Laos, 408 Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen. Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Cyprus, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Malta,Montenegro,Romania, Russia, Spain, Serbia, Slovenia Oceania: Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Pacific Islands (US), Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Vanuatu.
30.Phenacoccus manihotiMatile- Ferraro; Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; cassava mealybug II Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling), Capsicum spp. Citrus, Cyperus (flatsedge), Euphorbia pulcheririma (pointsettia), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Manihot glaziovii (ceara rubber), Sida acuta (sida), Solanum (nightshade), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato) batang, daun, bunga Indonesia: Jawa Africa: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African, DR Congo,Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea- Bissau, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,Zanzibar, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay Asia: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam 409
31.Phenacoccus solenopsis; Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; cotton mealybug II Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, lady’s finger), Carica papaya (pepaya, papaw) Abutilon indicum (country mallow), Abutilon muticum, Acacia leucophloea (white- barked acacia), Acacia modesta, Acalypha wilkesiana, Achillea (milfoil), Achyranthes aspera (devil’s horsewhip), Aerva javanica, Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed), Albizia lebbeck (indian siris), Althaea (hollyhocks), Amaranthus flavus, Amaranthus virisis (slender amaranth), Ambrosia (ragweed), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), Ambrosia confertifolia, Ambrosia dumosa, Ambrosia psilostachya (parennial ragweed), Ambrosia tenuifolia, Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel), Aphelandra squarrosa (zebra plant), Artemisia annua, Asclepias (silkweed), Asparagus densiflorus (asparagus buah, batang, daun, tanaman Indonesia Jawa Afrika: Benin, Cameroon, Egypt, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal America:Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Caribbean, Cayman Island, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, USA Asia: Cambodia, China, India, Iran, Japan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam Europe:Cyprus, Netherlands Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia 410 fern), Atriplex canescens (Fourwing saltbush), Azadirachta indica (neem tree), Bassia indica, Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia), Bidens pilosa (blackjack), Blumea lacera, Boerhavia repens, Bombax ceiba (silk cotton tree), Bougainvillea glabra, Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry), Calendula officinalis (Pot marigold), Calotropis procera (apple of sodom), Capparis decidua, Capsicum frutescens (cabai rawit, chilies), Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum), Celosia argentea (celosia), Centaurea cyanus (cornflower), Cestrum diurnum, Cestrum nocturnum (night scented cestrum), Cevallia sinuata, Chenopodium album (fat hen), Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot), Chrysanthemum morifolium (chrysanthemum (florists), Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle), Cichorium intybus 411 (chicory), Citrullus colocynthis (colocynth), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Citrus aurantium (jeruk nipis, lime), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Cleome viscosa (yellow mesambay), Clerodendrum inerme, Coleus blumei (common coleus), Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed), Convolvulus prostratus, Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane), Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane), Corchorus antichorus, Corchorus trilocularis, Cressa cretica, Croton sparciflorum, Cucumis tetragona, Cucurbita (pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Cuscuta reflexa (dodder), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge), Dalbergia sissoo, Datura metel (Hindu datura), Daucus 412 carota (wortel, carrot), Digera muricata Duranta erecta (Pigeonberry), Echinochloa colona (junglerice), Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower), Encelia farinosa, Enceliopsis, Eragrostis minor, Eriophyllum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum), Euphorbia (spurges), Euphorbia cotinifolia, Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge), Euphorbia prostrata, Euphorbia trigona, Fagonia cretica,Ficus benghalensis (banyan), Ficus carica (fig), Ficus virens (grey fig), Franseria, Gardenia jasminoides (cape jasmine), Gossypium (cotton), Gossypium arboreum (cotton tree),Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Grewia asiatica (phalsa), Hamelia patens, Helianthus (sunflower), Helianthus annuus (bunga 413 matahari, sunflower), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Heliotropium europaeum (common heliotrope), Heliotropium strigosum,Herissantia crispa, Hibiscus mutabilis (cottonrose), Hibiscus rosa- sinensis (China-rose), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morningglory), Jacquemontia pentantha, Jasminum cuspidatum, Jasminum sambac (arabian jasmine),Jatropha integerrima, Kallstroemia brachystylis, Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd),Lagerstroemia indica (indian crape myrtle), Lantana camara (lantana), Launia nudicaulis, Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet), Lepidium didymum,Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah), Lupinus spp., Lycium chinense (chinese wolfberry), Malva 414 parviflora, Malvastrum coromandelianum, Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita (Peppermint), Morus alba (murbei, mullberry),Medicago polymorpha (rough medick), Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree),Melia azedarach (Chinaberry), Melilotus indica (Indian sweetclover), Momordica charantia (bitter gourd),Morus alba (mora), Nerium oleander (oleander), Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimumbasilicum (basil), Orobanche (broomrape), Oxalis corniculata (creep ing woodsorrel (USA)), Panax, Parthenium, Partheniumhysterophorus (parthenium weed), Persicaria glabra, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date- 415 palm), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Phyllanthus niruri (seed- under-the-leaf),Physalis (Groundcherry), Physalis alkekengi, Piper betle (betel pepper),Plumeria rubra var. acutifolia (Mexican frangipani), Polyalthea longifolia, Polygonumbarbatum (knot grass), Portulacagrandiflora(rose moss),Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Quisqualis indica, Ricinus communis (castor bean), Rosa chinensis (China rose), Ruellia squarrosa,Rumex dentatus, Salsola baryosma, Salvadora oleoides, Salvia officinalis (commonsage), Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), Solanum spp., Sesbania sesban (sesban), Setcreasea pallida, Sida rhombifolia, Sida urens, Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba),Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf 416 nightshade), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine, eggplant), Solanum muricatum (melon pear),Solanum nigrum (leunca, black nightshade), Solanum spp., Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solanum virginianum, Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle),Spermacoce, Suaeda (sea blite), Suaeda nigra, Synsepalum dulcificum, TabernaeMontanadivaricat a, Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion), Tecoma stans (yellow bells),Tinospora cordifolia,Trianthema portulacastrum (horse purslane), Trianthema triquetra, Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine), Trigonella polycerata, Urena lobata (caesar weed), Verbena officinalis, 417 Withania somnifera (poisonous gooseberry), Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube)
32.Phragmataecia castaneaeHubner;(=Phragmata ecia castaneae); Lepidoptera: Cossidae; giant stem borer II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Saccharum spontaneum (glagah, wild sugarcane) Paspalum, Saccharum robustum, Sorghum propineum batang, daun Indonesia: Sumatera Asia: China, Malaysia. Europe: Bulgaria,Finland, Italy, Russian
33.Phragmataecia gummata Swinhoe.; (=Phragmataecia parvipunctus); Lepidoptera: Cossidae; giant stem borer II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Saccharum spontaneum (glagah, wild sugarcane) batang, daun Indonesia: Sumatera Asia: Malaysia
34.Pineus boerneri (Annand; (=Pineus pini sensu lato= Anisophleba pini= Aphis pini =Kermaphis pini var. laevis =Kermes pini =Pineus havrylenkoi = Pineus laevis =Pineus pini = Pineus simmondsi =Pineus sylvestris); Hemiptera; Adelgidae; pine woolly aphid II Pinus canariensis (Canary pine), Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine),Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinus elliottii (slash pine), Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine),Pinus hartwegii (Hartweg pine),Pinus kesiya (khasya pine), Pinus massoniana (masson pine), Pinus maximinoi (thin-leaf pine), Pinus montezumae (montezuma pine), Pinus mugo (mountain pine), batang, kayu Indonesia: Kalimantan, Sumatera, Jawa Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, USA (Hawaii), Chile Asia: China, Geogia (Republic of), Israel, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Taiwan, Turkey Europe: Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, 418 Pinus muricata (bishop pine), Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine), Pinus patula (Mexican weeping pine), Pinus pinaster (maritime pine), Pinus pinea (stone pine), Pinus radiata (radiata pine),Pinus resinosa (red pine), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine),Pinus taiwanensis (Taiwan pine), Pinus teocote (twisted leaf pine),Pinus thunbergii (Japanese black pine), Pinus densiflora,Pinus merkusii, Pinus pungens, Pinus roxburghii. Pinus arizonica, Pinus canariensis, Pinus caribaea, Pinus clausa, Pinus cooperi, Pinus douglasiana, Pinus durangensis, Pinus echinata, Pinus engelmannii, Pinus glabra, Pinus greggii, Pinus hartwegii, Pinus lawsonii,Pinus leiophylla, Pinus maximinoi, Pinus michoacana, Pinus montezumae, Pinus Spain, Slovakia Republic, Sweden, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 419 occidentalis, Pinus palustris, Pinus patula, Pinus pinea, Pinus pseudostrobus, Pinus radiata, Pinus rigida, Pinus serotina, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus taeda, Pinus taiwanensis, Pinus teocote, Pinus virginiana (scrub pine)
35.Planococcus deceptorBetn.; (=Dactylopius coffeae =Dactylopius crotonis =Planococcus crotonis = P. lilacinus =P. tayabanus =Pseudococcus coffeae =P. crotonis =P. deceptor =P. lilacinus Cork =P. tayabanus =Tylococcus mauritiensis ); Hemiptera: Pseudo coccidae; cacao mealybug, coffee mealybug II Annona muricata (sirsak, soursop), Bauhinia(camel’s foot), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, arabica coffee), Coffea canephora (kopi robusta, robusta coffee), Ceiba pentandra (kapok randu, kapok), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Mangifera batang, daun, akar, buah segar, tanaman Indonesia: Jawa, Kalimantan, Lampung Africa: Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, Seychelles. America: Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guyana, Haiti. Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cocos Islands, India, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan,Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen. Oceania: Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea. 420 indica (mangga, mango), Punica granatum(delima, pomegranate), Tamarindus indica (asam jawa, tamarind), Vitis (grape)
36.Postelectrotermes militaris Desneux; (=Calotermes militaris = Neotermes militaris =Termes militaris); Isoptera: Kalotermidae; dry wood termite II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) Acacia decurrens(green wattle), Casuarina equisetifolia(casuarina), Cedrus (cedars), Cinnamomum camphora (kamfer, camphor), Cryptomeria japonica(japanese cedar), Erythrina subumbrans(december tree), Eucalyptus spp., Eucalyptus robusta(swamp mahogany), Grevillea robusta(silky oak), Stenocarpus salignus(beefwod), Tephrosia vogelii(vogel’s tephrosia), batang, akar Indonesia: Jawa. Asia: Sri Lanka.
37.Rhabdoscelus obscurus Bolsd.; (=Calandra obscura =Rhabdocnemis fausti=R. interruptocostatus=R. maculata=R. nudicollis=R. obscura=R. promissus=R. maculatus=Rhabdoscelis obscura =Sphenophorus II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Arecaceae (plants of the palm family), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), batang Indonesia: Maluku,Papua, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara Barat. America: USA (Hawaii). Asia: China, Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), Japan, Malaysia,Sri Lanka, Taiwan Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Federated 421 beccarii=S. insularis=S. interruptecostatus =S. nudicollis=S. promissus=S. sulcipes=S. tincturatus=S. obscurus); Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae; beetle borer, cane weevil borer, New Guinea cane weevil borer, sugarcane weevil borer, New Guinea sugarcane weevil, Hawaiian sugarcane borer, cane weevil borer, New Guinea sugarcane weevil Metroxylon sagu (sagu, sago palm), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Musa x paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Poacecae (grasses), Strelitzia reginae (Queens bird-of-paradise), Zea mays (jagung, corn) States of Micronesia (Caroline Islands), Fiji, French Polynesia, Palau, Guam, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.
38.Sesamia grisescensWarren.; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; sesamia borer, pink sugarcane borer II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy ), Zea mays (jagung, corn) Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass), Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass), Saccharum edule, Saccharum robustum, Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) batang Indonesia: Papua, Maluku. Oceania: Papua New Guinea.
39.Sexava coriaceaLinn.; Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; belalang sexava, sexava grasshopper II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids), Asplenium nidus (kadaka, bird’s nest fern), Salacca edulis (salak, snake-skin palm), Metroxylon sagu (sagu, buah, tanaman, daun, rimpang, sabut, tanah. Indonesia: Sulawesi, Kep. Sangihe, Talaud, Kep. Banggai, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Papua 422 sago palm), Arenga pinnata (aren, sugar palm), Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Pandanus spp. (pandan), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger)
40.Sexava karnyi Lfs.; Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; belalang sexava,sexava grasshopper II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids), Asplenium nidus (kadaka, bird’s nest fern), Salacca edulis (salak, snake-skin palm), Metroxylon sagu (sagu, sago palm), Arenga pinnata (aren, sugar palm), Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Pandanus spp. (pandan), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) tanaman, buah, daun, rimpang, sabut, tanah Indonesia: Sulawesi (Tengah: Kepulauan Togean & Una-una), )
41.Sexava nubila Stal.; Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; belalang sexava, sexava grass hopper, coconut treehopper II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids), Asplenium nidus (kadaka, bird’s nest fern), Salacca edulis (salak, snake-skin palm), Metroxylon sagu (sagu, sago palm), Arenga pinnata (aren, sugar palm), Areca tanaman, buah, daun, rimpang, sabut, tanah Indonesia: Sulawesi (Utara), Kepulauan Sangihe dan Talaud, Maluku (Seram, Buru), Papua,, Biak, Papua Oceania: Papua New Guinea. 423 catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Pandanus spp. (pandan), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger)
42.Thosea monolancha Meyrick (= Thosea moluccana); Lepidoptera: Limacodidae II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oil palm) bagian tanaman Indonesia: Sulawesi, Papua, Sumatera, Maluku, Maluku Utara Asia: Philippines Oceania: Papua New Guinea II. TUNGAU (MITES) No. NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME GOLONGAN / GROUP INANG/ HOST MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAYS DAERAH SEBAR/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1.Aceria guerreronis Keifer; (=Eriophyes guerreronis); Prostigmata: Eriophyidae; coconut mite II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Sygarus romanzoffiana (queen palm) Borassus flabellifer (toddy palm),Lytocaryum weddellianum buah, bagian tanaman di atas tanah Indonesia:Sulawesi, Kepulauan Riau, Kalimantan Timur, Ternate, Papua (Biak) Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Tanzania, Togo America: Anguilla, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent & the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela, Costa Rica Asia: India, Malaysia, Maldives, 424 Philippines, Sri Lanka, Oman Europe: Hungary, Poland Oceania: Australia
2.Calacarus carinatusGreen;(=Calacarus adornatus =Eriophyes carinatus =Phyyocoptes carinatus =Phytoptus carinatus =Typhlodromus carinatus)Eriophyidae, Arachnida; purple mite, purple tea mite, ribbed tea mite II Camellia japonica, Capsicum spp., Viburnum spp. Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) tanaman dan Europe: Spain Oceania:Australia, New Zealand.
3.Eutetranychus orientalis Klein.; (=Anychus latus =A. orientalis =A.ricini =Eutetranychus anneckei =E. latus =E.monodi =E.sudanicus); Prostigmata:Tetranychidae; citrus brown mite, oriental mite, oriental red mite, oriental spider mite II Citrus, Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, lady’s finger), Codiaeum variegatum, Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw, papaya), Ficus carica (ara, fig), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Morus alba (murbei, mulberry), Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan, rambutan), Plumeria, Ricinus communis, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Phaleria macrocarpa (mahkota dewa) Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, (keladi)
4.Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner); (=Acarus coffeae =Matatetranychus bioculatus =Oligonychus bioculatus =O. merwei =Paratetranychus bioculatus =P. terminalis =Tetranychus bioculatus)Prostigmata: Tetranychidae; tea red spider mite, red coffee mite II Camellia sinensis, Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica(kopi arabika, arabica coffee) Anacardium occidentale, Citrus, Cinnamomum camphora, Corchorus capsularis, Elaeis guineensis(kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Eucalyptus globulus, Gossypium, Hevea brasiliensis(karet, rubber tree), Indigovera, Lagerstroemia, Manihot esculenta(ubi kayu, cassava), Mangifera indica(mangga, mango), Morus alba(murbei, mulberry), Vigna mungo, Ricinus communis(jarak kepyar, castor oil bean), Terminalia catappa, Vitis vinifera(anggur grapevine) daun, tanaman Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera Africa:Congo, DR Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, South Africa, Tanzania. America: Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, USA Asia: Bangladesh, China, Georgia (Republic), India, Japan, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Europe: Russia Oceania:Australia.
5.Phyllocoptruta oleivora Ashmead; (=Ariphyes oleivorus II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) daun, buah, batang Indonesia: Jawa Africa: Angola, Congo, Kenya, 426 =Phyllocoptes oleivorus =Phyllocoptrata oleivorus =Typhidromus oleivorus); Prostigmata: Eriophyidae; citrus rust mite, buckskin, mite lemons Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia America:Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordania, Lebanon, Malaysia, Philippines, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam Europe: Cyprus, Italy, Malta, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, New Zealand
6.Raoiella indica Hirst; Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae; red palm mite,coconutmite, frond crimson mite, leaflet false spider mite, red date palm mite, scarlet mite II Areca catechu (pinang, Betelnut palm), Cocos nucifera (Kelapa, coconut),Dictyosperma album,Heliconia sp. (flower banana), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Phoenix dactylifera (date palm), Acer (maple), Acoelorrhaphe wrightii, Adonidia arecina, Aiphanes minima, Aplinia purpurata buah, daun, batang, bagian tanaman di atas tanah Indonesia: Jawa, Kalimantan (Tarakan), Ternate Selatan, Lombok Africa:Benin, Egypt, Mauritius, Reunion, Sudan, Tanzania America: Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, guadaloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, United States Virgin 427 (red ginger), Alpinia vittata, Alpinia zerumbet, Archontophoenix alexandrae, Arenga pinnata (sugar palm), Bactris plumeriana, Beccariophoenix madagascariensis, Bismarckia nobilis, Butia capitata, Calathea arundinacea (variegated calatea), Calathea lutea (calathea), Caryota mitis, Chamaedorea, Coccothrinax argentata, Coccothrinax mitaguama, Corypha umbtaculifera, Curcuma longa (turmeric), Cycas, Cyrtostahys renda, Dypsis decaryi, Dypsis lutescens, Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, African oil palm), Elaeondendron transvaalense, Ettingera elatior, Eucalyptus deglupta, Eugenia uniflora, Heliconia, Heliconia caribaea,Heliconia caribaea x bihai, Heliconia episcopalis, Heliconoa latispatha, Heliconia marginata, Heliconia Island, Venezuela Asia: India, Iran, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United Arab Emirates 428 psittacorum, Heliconia rostrata, Latania lontaroides, Licuala grandis, Licualaspinosa, Livistonis chinensis, Microcycas calocoma,Ocimum basilicum, Pandanus utilis, Phaseolus, Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix reclinata, Phoenix roebelenii, Phoenix rupicola, Pritchardia pacifica, Pritchardia vuylestekeana, Pseudophoenix vinifera, Ptychosperma elegans, Ptychosperma macarrthuri, Ravenala madagascariensis, Renealmia alpinia, Renealmia aurantifera, Rhapis excelsa, Roystonea borinquena, Sabal black \burniana, Sabal mauritiformis, Schippia concolor, Strelitzia reginae, Syagrus romanzoffianum, Syagrus schizophylla, Thrinax radiata, Veitchia arecina, Veitchia merrillii, Washingtonia filifera, Washingtonia robusta, Wodyetia bifurcata,Zingiber 429 officinale (jahe, ginger), palmae
7.Tenuipalpus orchidarum Parfitt; Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae; red mite of orchid II Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids) tanaman Indonesia: Jawa III. KEONG (SNAIL) DAN SIPUT (SLUG) No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME GOLONGAN / GROUP INANG/ HOSTS MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAYS DAERAH SEBAR / GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1.PilapolitaJeshayes; (=Ampularia pagoda); Ampullariidae; Apple snail II Oryzasativa(padi, paddy), berbagai tumbuhan air tawar tanaman Indonesia:Sumatera, Jawa(Timur) Asia: Thailand, Kambodia, India, China
2.Pomaceainsularum; Ampullariidae; Island apple snail II Tumbuhanair (aquaticplants), berbagai tipe vegetasi tanaman tanaman,
1.Aphelenchoides besseyi (Christie); (=Aphelenchoides oryzae I: jika MP tidak diproses Oryza sativa (padi, paddy ), Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), biji, umbi, daun, stolon, batang, tanah Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantan (Selatan). Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, 430 =Asteroaphelenchoides besseyi); Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae; pucuk putih padi / rice leaf nematode, white tip nematode of rice, summer crimp nematode II. jika MP diproses Oryza glaberrima (African rice) Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Chrysanthemum morifolium (krisan, chrysanthemum), Colocasia esculenta (talas, taro), Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge), Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass), Dioscorea (yam), Dioscorea trifida (cushcush yam), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Polianthes tuberosa (tuberose), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Oryza breviligulata, Setaria viridis(green foxtail) Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Brazil, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Panama, USA, Hawaii Asia: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam. Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea.
2.Aphelenchoides fragariae (Ritzema Bos) (Chriestie); (=Aphelenchoides olesistus=A.olesistus var. longicollis =A.pseudolesistus =Aphelenchus fragariae =A.olesistus =A.olesistus var. longicollis =A.pseudolesistus); I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Lilium spp., Anthurium andreanum, Rhododendron spp. (azaleas), Barleria cristata(philippine violet), Begonia spp., Chloranthus spicatus, Hibiscus rosa – biji, buah, bunga, batang, stolon, daun, umbi, bagian vegetatif, pupuk kandang, tanah Indonesia: Jawa (Barat/Bogor, Banten, Sukabumi, DKI Jakarta) America: Canada, Cuba, Mexico, USA Asia: China, India, Israel, South Korea, Kirgyztan, Japan, Turkey Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, France, 431 Aphelenchoididae; bud and leaf nematode, fern nematode, strawberry crimp nematode, strawberry spring dwarf nematode sinensis (kembang sepatu, china-rose), Hosta spp., Hydrangea macrophylla(French hydrangea), Maranta leuconeura(Banded arrowroot), Peony, Pimpinella diversifolia, Primula sp., Psychotria nervosa, Rhododendron simsii(Sim's azalea), Ruscus hypophyllum, Saintpaulia ionantha (African violet), Saxifraga spp.(saxifrage), Tolmiea menziesii(pick-a-back plant), Veronica arvensis(Corn speedwell), Viola odorata(English violet), Wulfenia carinthiaca, Andrographis paniculata (sambiloto, king of bitter plant) Cornus Canadensis(creeping dogwood), Ficus carica (ara, fig), Ficus macrophylla(moreton Bay fig), Lamium maculatum(Spotted deadnettle), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Moldovia, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Ukraine, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea 432 Anigozanthos sp., Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Avena sativa (oat, oats), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Asplenium nidus (bird’s- nest fern), Capsella bursa- pastoris(shepherd's purse), Chenopodium album(fat hen), Cobotium chamissoi, Erigeron annuus(annual fleabane), Ficus elastic(rubber plant), Western Sword-fern, Polygonum blumei(tufted knotweed (USA)), Pteris spp., Rorippa atrovirens, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum nigrum(black nightshade), Stellaria media(common chickweed), Ageratum conyzoides (babadotan), Acalypha lanceolata (pulus hayam), Oxalys sepium (calincing), Borreria sp., Lindernia sp. (gulma daun sirih), Pleocnemia sp.
3.Ditylenchus angustus (Bul)l.; (=Anguillulina angusta =Tylenchus I: jika MP tidak diproses Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, rice) Echinochloa colona biji, bunga, daun, bibit, batang, jerami, Indonesia:Jawa, Kalimantan (Selatan). Asia: Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, 433 angustus);Anguinidae; rice stem nematode, ufra disease II. jika MP diproses (junglerice), Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass), Sacciolepsis interrupta tanah Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam.
4.Globodera pallida (Stone) Mulvey & Stone; (=Heterodera pallida); Heteroderidae; white cyst nematode, pale potato cyst nematode, potato cyst nematode, potato root eelworm I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant) Datura (thorn-apple), Datura stramonium (kecubung, jimsonweed), Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane), Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium(currant tomato), Oxalis tuberosa, Solanum acaule, Solanum americanum, Solanum aviculare (kangaroo apple), Solanum cardiophyllum, Solanum ehrenbergii, Solanum gilo(gilo), Solanum indicum, Solanum mauritianum(tree tobacco), Solanum marginatum(white-edged nightshade), Solanum nigrum(black nightshade), Solanum oplocense, Solanum quitoense(Narangillo), Solanum sarrachoides umbi, alat pertanian, pupuk organik, tanah Indonesia: JawaTengah (Dieng, Cilacap, Banjarnegara); Jawa Barat (Bandung), Jawa Timur (Batu, Malang) Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, America: Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Columbia, Costa Rica, Falkland Islands, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Venezuela, USA Asia: India, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Faroe Islands, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Iceland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Spain, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine Oceania: New Zealand. 434 (green nightshade (UK)), Solanum scabrum, Solanum spegazzinii, Solanum aviculare, Solanum sarrachoides.
5.Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Mulvey & Stone; (=Heterodera scachtii solani = H. Scachtii rostochiensis =H. Rostochiensis = Heteroderidae; nematoda sista (kentang) / golden cyst nematode, potato golden nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant) Datura stramonium(jimsonweed), Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (currant tomato), Solanum (nightshade), Solanum aviculare (kangaroo apple), Solanum gilo (gilo), Solanum indicum (Indian Nightshade), Solanum marginatum (white-edged nightshade), Solanum mauritianum (tree tobacco), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Solanum quitoense (Narangillo), Solanum sarrachoides(green nightshade (UK)) biji, umbi, akar akar, tanah, umbi, batang Indonesia: Jawa Barat (Bandung), Jawa Tengah (Banjarnegara), Jawa Timur (Batu, Malang) Sulawesi Selatan (Jeneponto, Gowa) Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tunisia. America: Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA, Venezuela. Asia: Armenia, India, Iran, Japan, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkey. Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, 435 Norfolk Island.
6.Hemicriconemoides mangiferaeSiddiqi; (=Hemicriconemoides birchfieldi) Criconematidae; sheath nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Nephelium litchii (leci, lychee), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Zea mays (jagung, corn), rumput- rumputan (Poaceae) Alnus (alders), Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Artocarpus heterophyllus (nangka, jackfruit), Artocarpus integer (cempedak, champedak), Anacardium occidentale (cashew nut), Bambusa vulgaris (bambu, common bamboo), Carica papaya (pepaya, papaya, papaw), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Dimocarpus longan (longan tree), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Gossypium hirsutum (Bourbon cotton), Grewia asiatica (phalsa), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Manilkara zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Persea americana (avokad, avocado) Phoenix akar, bibit, bonggol, tanah Indonesia: Jawa. Africa:Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan. America: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada,Mexico, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela. Asia:Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, India, Iran, Israel, South Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Vietnam. Oceania:American Samoa, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga. 436 dactylifera (date-palm), Piper (pepper), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Rosa (mawar, roses), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Salix (willows), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Umbellularia californica(California laurel), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn)
7.Heterodera glycines (Ichinohe); Heteroderidae; soyabean cyst nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean) Aeschynomene indica (Indian jointvetch), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Fabaceae, Geranium, Kummerowia striata (Japanese lespedeza), Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle), Lamium purpureum (purple deadnettel), Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza), Lupinus (lupins), Lupinus albus (white lupine), akar, umbi, bibit, pupuk organik, peralatan pertanian, tanah Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera (Lampung). Africa: Egypt. America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, USA. Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Mongolia. Europe: Italy, Russia 437 Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Penstemon, Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, common bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Sesbania exaltata (coffeebean (USA)), Stellaria media (common chickweed), Verbascum thapsus(Aaron's-rod), Vicia villosa, Vigna aconitifolia (moth beans), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna radiata (mung bean)
8.Macroposthonia onoensis;Criconematidae; ring nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, clove), Citrus, Mangifera indica (mangga, mango) akar, tanah Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera (Selatan, Lampung). America: Trinidad, Tobago. Asia: India.
9.Meloidogynegraminicola(Sled ge&Golden) Whitehead;Meloidogynidae;ri ce rootknot nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Oryzasativa(padi,paddy), Poaceae (grasses), Serealia Allium cepa (bawangbombai, onion), Alopecurus (foxtails), Ammania pentandra, Andropogon (beardgrass), Blumea, Brassica, Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), akar, tanah Indonesia: Jawa(Yogyakarta, Tengah). Africa:South Africa America:Brazil, Colombia,USA Asia:Bangladesh,China, India,Laos,Malaysia,Myanmar,Nep al, Pakistan,Philippines,Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand,Vietnam 438 Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge), Cyperus procerus, Cyperus pulcherrimus, Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge), Digitaria filiformis (slender crabgrass), Echinochloa colona (junglerice), Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Fimbristylis complanata, Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringe rush), Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis), Fuirena glomerata, Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Grangea madraspatensis, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass), Ludwigia (waterprimrose), Monochoria vaginalis (pickerel weed), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Panicum repens (torpedo grass), Paspalum scrobiculatum 439 (ricegrass paspalum), Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass), Ranunculus (Buttercup), Scirpus articulatus, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sphaeranthus, Sphenoclea zeylanica (wedgewort), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn)
10.Meloidogyne hapla (Chitwood); Meloidogynidae; northern root knot nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Actinidia chinensis (Chinese gooseberry), Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Cichorium intybus (chicory), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Pelargonium (Pelargoniums), Rosa (Mawar, rose), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Tanacetum akar, stolon, polong, umbi, tanah Indonesia: Jawa Africa: Algeria, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela Asia: Armenia, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, South of Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe: Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, 440 cinerariifolium (Phyretrum), Trifolium (clover) Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Anemone (windflower), Beta, Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica oleraceae var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Capsicumanuum (bell peper), Chenopodium quinona (quinona), Chrysanthemum spp. (daisy), Coffea (kopi, coffee), Cucumis (melon, melons, cucumbers, gerkins), Cyclamen, Dianthus caryophillus (Carnation), Fabaceae (leguminous plants), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Mentha (mints), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Olea europeae subsp. Europeae (zaitun, olive), Phaseolus (kacang, beans), Raphanus sativus France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Papua New Guinea 441 (radish), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Sinapsis alba (white mustard), Solanum (nightsade), Vicia (vetch), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
11.Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven; (=Pratylenchus pratensis); Pratylenchidae; smooth headed nematode, root lesion nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Arachis hypogea (kacang tanah, peanut), Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Zea mays (jagung, corn), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Vigna cylindrica (kacang panjang, long bean), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber tree), Dacryodes edulis (kenari, African pear), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy),Persea Americana (avokad, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Saccharum officinarum akar, polong, umbi, tanah Indonesia: Sumatera (Aceh dan Sumatera Barat), Jawa. Africa: Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela Asia: Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Vietnam. Europe: Bulgaria, Russia. Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Tonga. 442 (tebu, sugarcane), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa).
12.Pratylenchus loosi Loof; Pratylenchidae; rootlesion nematode, meadow nematode, Loos' root lesion nematode I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Cinnamomum camphora, Convallaria spp., Dioscorea spp., Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, strawberry), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Poncirus trifoliata, Prunus avium, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn), umbi, daun, bibit, batang, stolon, bonggol, akar, tanah Indonesia: Jawa (Barat) Africa: Senegal. America:North America (USA, Florida), Central America and Caribbean (Guadeloupe), South America (Chile) Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Iran, Sri Lanka, Taiwan Europe:Bulgaria Oceania:American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Cook Islands 443 Acacia deccurens, Alternanthera sessilis, Artemisia vulgaris, Cassia alata, Catharanthus roseus, Cestrum, Cymbopogon nardus, Cyperus, Cyperus rotundus, Grevillea robusta, Hibiscus rosa- sinensis, Imperata cylindrica, Panicum repens, Sesbania cannabina, Solanum nigrum, Tagetes, Tecoma stans, Tephrosia, Tithonia diversifolia V. GULMA (WEEDS) No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME GOLONGAN/ GROUP MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAY DAERAH SEBAR/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1.Asystasia gangetica (Nees) Ensermu; (=Asystasia intrusa);Acanthaceae; chinese violet II Tanaman perkebunan (plantation crops), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oil palm), Hevea brasiliensis(karet,rubber) Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa (Barat), Kalimantan (Timur, Barat) Africa: Daerah Tropis dan Sub Tropis. Asia: India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore Oceania: Guam 444
2.Cuphea balsamona Cham. & Schltdl.; (=Cuphea carthagenensis); Lythraceae; sete sangrías, colombian wackweed II Solanum tuberosum(kentang,potato), Brassicaoleracea(cabbage),Daucuscarota( wortel,carrot), tanaman sayuran (vegetable crops) Indonesia: Sulawesi Tengah, Jawa Barat, Sumatera Barat America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Central America, Southern USA Asia: China, Malaysia
3.Rivina humilis L.;(=Rivina laevis); Phytolaccaceae; pigeonberry, rouge plant, baby peppers, bloodberry, coralito II Tanaman perkebunan (plantation crops) Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera, Bali America: Southern USA, Karibia, Central America, South America. VI. CENDAWAN (FUNGAL/ FUNGAL LIKE ORGANISM/ PSEUDOFUNGI) No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME GOLONGAN/ GROUP INANG/ HOST MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAY DAERAH SEBAR/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1.[a]: - [s]: CeratocystisfimbriataEllis & Halst.; ( =Ceratostomella fimbriata (Ellis & Halst.) J.A. Elliott =Endoconidiophora fimbriata (Ellis & Halst.) R.W. Davidson =Ophiostoma fimbriatum I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Acacia decurrens (green wattle), Acacia mangium (brown salwood), Acacia mearnsii (black wattle), Alocasia, Annona, Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Camelia sinensis (teh, tea), Carya cordiformis (bitternut hickory), Cassia javanica umbi, buah, media tanam, daun, bibit, akar, batang Indonesia: Jawa, Kalimantan,Sumatera (Aceh, Riau). Africa: DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda. America: Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, 445 (Ellis & Halst.) Nannf. =Sphaeronaema fimbriatum (Ellis & Halst.) Sacc. =Rostrella coffeae Zimm. =Ophiostoma coffeae (Zimm.) Arx. =Ceratocystis moniliformis f.sp. coffeae (Zimm.) =C. Moreau) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; Ceratocystis wilt, cancer, or rot, blight, black rot of sweet potato, mouldy rot of rubber, trunk and branck canker of coffee, Penyakit layu,atau kanker, atau busuk, hawar (pink shower), Citrus, Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Coffea (coffee), Coffea arabica (arabica coffee), Coffea canephora (robusta coffee), Colocasia esculenta (taro), Crotalaria juncea (sunn hemp),Cortalaria, Daucus carota (carrot), Erythrina spp., Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tree), Fagus (beeches), Ficus carica (fig), Gmelina arborea (candahar), Hevea brasiliensis (rubber), Hevea, Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Ipomoea, Mangifera indica (mango), Manihot esculenta (cassava), Metroxylon, Myristica fragrans (pala), Pimenta dioica (Allspice), Populus (poplars), Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus dulcis (almond), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree), Syngonium auritum, Syngonium podophyllum Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela. Asia: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. Europe: France, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland, UK. Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands. 446 (Arrowhead vine), Theobroma cacao (cocoa), Xanthosoma (cocoyam)
2.[a]: - [s]: Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.)Desm.; ( =Phoma brassicae Thüm. =Phoma lingam (Tode) Desm. =Phoma oleracea Sacc. =Phome napobrassicae Rostr. =Phyllosticta brassicae (Curr.) Westend. =Phyllosticta napi Sacc. =Plenodomus lingam (Tode) Höhn. =Pleospora maculans (Desm.) Tul. =Sphaerialingam (Tode) Fr. =Aphosphaeria brassicae Thum =Depazea brassicicola Desm. =Depazea vagans var. brassicae J.J. Kickx =Septoria brassicae Westend. & Wallays =Phoma densiuscula Sacc. & Roum. =Phoma lingam var. napobrassicae (Rostr.) Grove =Plenodomus rabenhorstii Preuss =Sclerotium sphaeriaeforme Lib. =Phyllosticta turritis Lobik) =Leptosphaeria I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassica spp., Argemone mexicana, Astragalus adsurgens, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris, Cardamine bellidfolia, Clematis vitalba, Eucalyptus globulus, Gentiana cruciata, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Iberis umbellata, Lobularia maritima, Lolium perenne, Matthiola incana, Raphanus raphanistrum, R. sativus, R. sativus var. sativus, Secale cereale, Sinapsis alba, Sisymbrium sp. biji, daun, akar, batang Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera (barat), Sulawesi (Selatan, Utara) Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, USA, Hawaii. Asia: Armenia, China, Taiwan, Georgia (Republic), India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey. Europe: Austria,Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland. Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea. 447 maculans (Desm.) Ces. & De Not.; ( =Sphaeria maculans(Desm.) Sowerby ex Berk. & Broome) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Pangkal batang hitam(black leg), canker, dry rot, leaf spot
3.[a]:- [s]:Phoma phaseoliDesmaz; ( =Phoma subcircinata Ellis & Everh. =Phoma subcirnata =Phomopsis phaseoli =Sphaeria phaseolorum Cooke & Ellis =Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc; =Diaporthe batatas Harter & E.C. Field =Diaporthe phaseolorum var. batatatis (Harter & E.C. Field) Wehm.) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Lima bean pod blight, leaf spot of Lima bean, bean pod blight, bean stem blight, bean stem canker I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Phaseolus vulgaris (kacang panjang, common bean), Phaseolus spp., Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Capsicum sp., Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Vicia faba (faba bean) Brachyglottis repanda biji, daun, batang, media tanam Indonesia: Jawa (Bogor) Africa: South Africa America: Argentina, USA Asia: India Europe: Hungary,Italy, Romania Oceania:Australia, New Zealand
4.[a]: - [s]: Phomopsis vexans (Sacc. & P. Syd.) Harter(1914); (=Phoma vexans Sacc. & P. Syd. (1899)=Diaporthe vexans (Sacc. & P. Syd.) I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine) Solanum aculeatissimum, Solanum incanum (grey bitter-apple), Solanum buah, batang, cabang, ranting, daun, biji, bunga, Indonesia: Jawa (Barat, Tengah, Timur) Africa: Algeria, Kenya, Mauritius, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe America:Antigua and Barbuda, 448 Gratz; =Ascochyta hortorum (Speg.) C.O. Sm. =Phoma solani Halst. 1892 =Phoma vexans Sacc. & P. Syd. =Phyllosticta hortorum Speg.) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; Blight of eggplant, Phomopsis rot of eggplant, brown spot of eggplant, fruit rot of eggplant, tipover of eggplant nigrum (black nightshade), solanum torvum (turkey berry), Solanum virginianum media tanam Argentina, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada,Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Savador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, United States Virgin Island, USA, Venezuela Asia:Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, India, Iran, Irak, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic of, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan Europe: Romania Oceania:Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia
5.[a]: - [s]: Synchitrium pogostemonisS.D. Patil & Mahab. Chytridiomycota, Chytridiomycetes; Kutil (Wart) I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Pogostemoncablin (Nilam) batang, daun Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera, Sulawesi
6.[a]: - [s]:Ustilago scitamineaSyd. (Sydow); ( =Sporisorium scitamineum (Syd.) M. Piepenbr., M. Stoll & Oberw. =Ustilago sacchari Rabenh) Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) bunga, daun, batang, Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi (Selatan) Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, 449 Ustilaginomycetes; Sugarcane pecut api, Sugarcane smut Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Former USSR, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela. Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Vietnam. Europe: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Portugal. Oceania: Australia, Fiji.
7.[a]: Alternaria cucumerina(Ell. & Ev.) Elliott.; (=Macrosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Everth. =Alternaria brassicae var. nigrescens Peglion) I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucurbita sp. (labu, pumpkin) biji, daun, buah Indonesia: Jawa (Barat) America: Argentina, USA Asia: India 450 [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Cucumber blight, brown spot of cucumber, alternaria leaf blight
8.[a]:Botrytis alliiMunn; ( =Botrytis aclada Fresen. ) [s]:Botryotinia allii (Sawada) W. Yaman Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Leotiomycetes; Neck rot of onions I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Allium spp. Allium porrum (bawang daun, leek), Allium sativum (garlic) schoenoprasum biji, umbi Indonesia: Sumatera (Barat dan Lampung), Jawa. Africa: Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia. America: Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Jamaica, Panama, USA, Venezuela. Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, Georgia (Republic), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Vietnam. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, UK. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
9.[a]:Ephelis oryzae Syd.(1914);( =Ephelis pallida Pat. ) [s]:Balansia oryzae-sativae Hashioka; ( =Balansia I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), biji, akar, daun, batang, ranting, Indonesia: Jawa (Barat, Tengah), Sumatera (Utara, Barat, Aceh) Africa: Sierra Leone America: USA 451 oryzae (Syd.) Naras. & Thirum.) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; black choke, black ring, false ergot, incense rod, sterility disease, udbatta, udbatta disease of Rice diproses Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Eragrostis (lovegrasses), Leptochloa chinensis (Chinese sprangletop), Paspalum dilatatum (dallis grass), Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum),Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Secale cereale (rye), Setaria italica (foxtail millet) bunga, Asia: China, India,Japan, Nepal Oceania:New Caledonia, Vanuatu
10.[a]: Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.asparagi (Cohen) [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; Layu, busuk akar (wilt, root rot) I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Asparagus officinalis (asparaga, asparagus) bibit, akar, batang, media tanam Indonesia: Jawa (Barat, Timur)
11.[a]: Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. passiflorae W.L. Gordon [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Sordariomycetes; Layu Fusarium, Fusarium wilt, wilt of passionfruit I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Acacia melanoxylon (australian blackwod), Passiflora edulis (passion fruit), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisa, granadilla, passion-fruit), Samanea saman (rain tree) daun, akar, batang, media tanam Indonesia: Sumatera (Utara). Africa: South Africa. America: Brazil, USA Asia: China Oceania: Australia.
12.[a]: Neofusicoccum ribis (Slippers, Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips; ( =Fusicoccum ribis Slippers, Crous & M.J. Wingf. I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Casuariana equisetifolia (casuariana), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Juglans spp. (walnut), Macadamia integrifolia (macadamian buah, bunga,batan g/ranting Indonesia: Jawa, Kalimantan, Sumatera Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, South Africa, Tanzania, 452 =Dothiorella gregaria Sacc. =Dothiorella ribis (Fuckel) Sacc. =Fusicoccum aesculi Corda =Fusicoccum tingens Goid.) [s]: Botryosphaeria ribisGrossend & Duggar; ( =Botryosphaeria mali V.A. Putterill) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Cane blight, canker, dieback, fruit rot, gummosis, panicle and shoot blight, stem blight, tip dieback, white rot nut), Macadamia tetraphylla (Rough-shell macadamia nut), Macadamia sp., Malus domesticum (apel, apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Populus sp. (poplars), Prunus persica (peach), Ribes(currants), Rubus spp. (blackberry, raspberry) Citrus sp. (jeruk, citrus), Eucalyptus sp., Liquidambar formosa (beautiful sweet gum), Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum), Pistia (water lettuce), Prunus amygdalus (almond), Rhododendron(azalea) Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Barbados, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Canada, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Georgia Republic of, Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey Europe: Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy,Netherland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Micronesia, Federated states of, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
13.[a]:Oidium tuckeriBerk.; (=Acrosporium tuckeri (Berk.) Sumst. =Pseudoidium tuckeri (Berk.) Y.S. Paul & J.N. Kapoor) [s]: Erysiphe necatorSchwein; (=Erysiphe necator var. necator Schwein. =Erysiphe tuckeri Berk. =Uncinula I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Vitis, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Ampelopsis, Cissus (grape), Cissus rhombifolia (grape ivy), Parthenocissus, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris bunga, daun, bibit, batang, Indonesia: Jawa (Timur), Bali (Buleleng) Africa:Algeria, Congo, DR Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Bermuda, 453 necator (Schwennerts) Burril =Unicula americana Howe =Uncinula spiralis Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Leotiomycetes; Embun tepung (Powdery mildew), grapevine powdery mildew, grape powdery mildew, powdery mildew grapevine Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela. Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Taiwan, Georgia Republic of, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Netherland, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia and Montenegro, Yugoslavia. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea. 454
14.[a]:Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taubenh.) E. J.Butler; (=Rhizoctonia lamellifera Small =Sclerotium bataticola Taubenh.) =Macrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid; ( =Botryodiplodia phaseoli (Maubl.) Thirum. =Dothiorella cajani Syd., P. Syd. & E. J. Butl. =Macrophoma cajani Syd., P. Syd. & E. J. Butl. =Macrophoma corchori Sawada =Macrophoma phaseoli Maubl. =Macrophoma phaseolina Tassi =Macrophoma sesami Sawada =Macrophomina phaseoli (Maubl.) S. F. Ashby =Macrophomina philippines Petr.) [s]: - Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; Charcoal rot of bean/tobacco, ashy stem blight, ashy stem decay of bean/tobacco, blight of bean/tobacco, root rot of bean/tobacco I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), Abies concolor (Rocky Mountain white fir), Actinidia chinensis (Chinese gooseberry), Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris), Alhagi pseudalhagi (Camel-thorn), Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum (garlic), Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut), Basella alba (Malabar spinach), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Boehmeria nivea (ramie), Bombax ceiba (silk cotton tree), Brassica, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Carica papaya (pepaya, papaw), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Catharanthus roseus (Pink periwinkle), Cedrus atlantica (Atlas cedar), Cedrus deodara (Himalayan cedar), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), biji, umbi, bunga, buah, akar, daun, batang Indonesia:Jawa (Barat), Tangerang Africa: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Agypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Bahama, Cuba, Dominica, El Savador, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Mediterranean countries, Netherland, Romania, Russia, 455 Cichorium (chicory), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Corchorus capsularis (white jute), Corchorus olitorius (jute), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Crocus sativus (saffron), Crotalaria juncea (sunn hemp), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimum, cucumber), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cuminum cyminum (cumin), Curcuma longa (kunyit, turmeric), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), Dahlia, Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum), Eucalyptus tereticornis (forest red gum), Fagopyron, Fragaria (strawberry), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Serbia and Montenegro, Yugoslavia 456 Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Gossypium barbadense (Gallini cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Jasminum (jasmine), Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper), Juniperus virginiana (eastern redcedar), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris (lentil), Linum (flax), Lupinus (lupins), Macrotyloma uniflorum (horsegram), Manihot esculenta (singkong, cassava), Medicago (medic), Momordica charantia (bitter gourd), Narcissus (daffodil), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (olive), Oryza sativa (padi, rice), 457 Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy), Parthenium argentatum (Guayule), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pinopsida (conifers), Pinus canariensis (Canary pine), Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine), Pinus clausa (sand pine), Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine), Pinus jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine), Pinus lambertiana (big pine), Pinus pinaster (maritime pine)Pinus pinea (stone pine), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Piper betle (betel pepper), Piper nigrum (black pepper), Pisum sativum (pea), Plectranthus barbatus, Prosopis juliflora (mesquite), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus persica (peach), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Psidium guajava (jambu, 458 guava), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallow tree), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Sterculia urens (kateera gum), Stylosanthes (pencil- flower), Syzygium samarangense (water apple), Trifolium alexandrinum (Berseem clover), Trigonella foenum- graecum (fenugreek), Vicia faba (faba bean), Vigna aconitifolia (moth beans), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Vitis (grape), Zea 459 mays (jagung, maize), Zingiber (jahe, ginger) Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit), Artocarpus hirsutus (wild jack fruit), Cannabis sativa (hemp), Chlorophytum, Hibiscus schizopetalus (fringed hibiscus), Incarvillea delavayi, Salvia officinalis (common sage), Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple), Stevia rebaudiana, Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Vanilla planifolia (vanilla)
15.[a]: Sclerotium varium Pers.,(1801) [s]: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary ( =Sclerotinia libertiana Fuckel =Whetzelinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) Korf & Dumont =Peziza sclerotiorum Lib. =Peziza coemansii J.J. Kickx) Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes; cottony soft rot, white rot, Sclerotinia wilt, Sclerotinia head rot, Sclerotinia blossom blight, I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), Actinidia chinensis (Chinese gooseberry), Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit), Alcea rosea (Hollyhock), Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Anethum graveolens (dill), Angelica archangelica (Angelica), Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Apium graveolens var. Rapaceum (celeriac), umbi, buah, daun, akar, biji, batang, tanaman Indonesia: Jawa (Barat, Tengah) Africa: Algeria, Congo, DR Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, St. Helena, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe America: Bermuda, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Gaza, Georgia Republic of, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), 460 Sclerotinia drop Sclerotinia soft rot, Sclerotinia stalk rot, Sclerotinia stem rot, collar rot, Sclerotinia pod rot, Sclerotinia canker, Sclerotinia twig blight, watery pod rot, white mould, sclerotinia disease Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut), Arctium lappa (burdock), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus), Astragalus sinicus (chinese clover), Begonia tuberhybrida, Bellis perennis (common daisy), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Brassica, Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes (kohlrabi), Brassica oleracea var. italica (brokoli, broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. viridis (collards), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (Chinese cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (turnip), Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops), Camellia, Campanula (campanulas), Cannabis sativa (hemp), Capsicum Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian,Slovakia, Spain, Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Samoa Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro, Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, 461 annuum (bell pepper), Capsicum frutescens (chilli), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Carum carvi (caraway), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Cichorium (chicory), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Citrus, Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus maxima (pummelo), Citrus medica (citron), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Corchorus olitorius (jute), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (giant pumpkin), Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe artichoke), Daucus carota (wortel,carrot), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Foeniculum vulgare 462 (fennel), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Brassica oleracea var. italica (brokoli, broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. viridis (collards), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (Chinese cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (turnip), Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops), Camellia, Campanula (campanulas), Cannabis sativa (hemp), Gossypium (cotton), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke), Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Humulus (hop), Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Iris (irises), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Lilium (lili, lily), Lupinus (lupins), Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Melilotus 463 (melilots), Mentha piperita (Peppermint), Morus(mulberrytree), Musa(pisang, banana), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum basilicum (basil), Panax ginseng (Asiatic ginseng), Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Persea americana (avocado), Petunia, Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Phlox, Pisum sativum (pea), Prunus (stone fruit), Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Rosa (roses), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Saccharumofficinarum (sugarcane), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Solanum melongena (aubergine), 464 Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Trifolium (clovers), Tulipa (tulip), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Viola (violet), Zinnia Acroptilon repens (Russian knapweed), Anemone coronaria (poppy anemone), Aquilegia, A. flabellata, Arabidobsis thaliana, Argyranthemum frutescens, Asclepias (Silkweed), Aster ericoides (Heath aster), Berberis (barberries), Borago officinalis (Borage), Brassica carinata (African cabbage), Brassica oleracea (cabbages, cauliflowers), Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis, Carduus (thistle), Centaurea (Knapweed), Chenopodium album (fat hen), Citrus limonia (mandarin lime), Cosmos bipinnatus (garden 465 cosmos), Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (ornamentalgourd), Cynoglossum officinale (hound's tongue), Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Eustoma grandiflorum (Lisianthus (cut flower crop)), Felicia amelloides, Guizotia abyssinica (niger), Hibiscus trionum (Venice mallow), Iberis sempervirens (edging candytuft), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Lantana camara (lantana), Marrubium (horehound), Mentha spicata (Spear mint), Osteospermum, Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Pistacia vera (pistachio), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup), Sonchus asper, Thymus citriodorus, Trachyspermum ammi, Vaccinium corymbosum (blueberry), Vaccinium 466 virgatum, Xanthium cavanellesii, Xerochrysum bracteatum
16.[a]:Sphaceloma ampelinum de Bary; ( =Gloeosporium ampelophagum (Pass.) Sacc. =Ramularia ampelophaga Pass. =Torula meyeni Ber. & Terv. =Ramularia meyeni Gar. & Catt. =Gloeosporium venetum Speg. =Manginia ampelina (de Bary) Viala & Pacottet) [s]: Elsinoe ampelinaShear;( =Uleomyces parasiticus Henn. =Plectodiscella veneta Burkh. =Elsinoë viticola Racib.) Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Grape anthracnose; grape black spot; grape black rot; bird's eye spot; bird's eye rot; vine black spot; bird's eye fungus; anthracnose of grapevine; bird's eye disease of grapevine; black spot of grapevine I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Vitis labrusca (fox grape), Vitis rupestris (sand-grape) buah, bunga, daun, batang Indonesia: Bali Africa: Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Barbados, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Afghanistan, Cambodia, China, India, Iran, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Myanmar, Pakistan, Taiwan, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Former USSR, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
17.[a]:Stagonospora sacchariT.T. Lo & K.C. Ling I: jika MP tidak Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) daun Indonesia: Lampung, Jawa. Africa: South Africa. 467 [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Gosong daun tebu(Sugarcane scorch), leaf scorch diproses II. jika MP diproses Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass), Miscanthus japonica, Miscanthus sinensis (eulalia), Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass), Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) America: Argentina, Panama, Venezuela, Oceania, Papua New Guinea. Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Japan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. Oceania: Papua New Guinea
18.[a]: Stemphylium vesicarium(Wallr.) E.G. Simmons [s]:Pleospora allii(Rabenh.) Ces. & De Not. Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; onion leaf blight; garlic leaf blight; purple spot of asparagus; brown spot of pear; garlic leaf spot; onion leaf spot; asparagus leaf spot; Stemphylium blight of onion; leaf blight: onion; purple spot: Asparagus spp. I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Allium cepa (onion), Allium cepa var. aggregatum (shallot), Allium sativum (garlic), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus), Glycine max (soyabean), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Mangifera indica (mango), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Medicago tribuloides (barrel medic), Pyrus communis (European pear), Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) Aster, Helianthus anuus (sunflower), Raphanus sativus (radish) buah, daun, biji Indonesia: Jawa Africa: Egypt, Senegal, South Africa, America: Jamaica, Canada, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Europe: Belgium, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Tonga, Vanuatu
19.[a];Helminthosporium solaniDurieu & Mont; ( =Cladosporium abietinum Zukal =Spondylocladium atrovirens(Harz.) C. Harz ex I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) umbi, akar, tunas Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatra (Selatan, Utara, Barat, Jambi) Africa: Morocco, South Africa America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,Canada, Chile, Colombia, 468 Sacc. =Brachysporium solani (Durieu & Mont.) Sacc. =Dematium atrovirens Harz =Helminthosporium atrovirens (Harz) E.W. Mason & S. Hughes) [s]: - Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes; Silver scurf Cuba, Mexico, Peru, USA, Venezuela Asia: China,Taiwan, India,Iran, Israel, Japan, Myanmar, Singapore, Turkey Europe: Austria,Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Rusia, Swedia,Switzerlands, UK Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
20.[c]: Peronosclerospora philippinensis (W. Weston) C.G. Shaw; ( =Sclerospora philippinensis) Oomycota, Oomycetes; philippine downy mildew I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Zea mays (maize) Avena sativa (oats), Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Zea mays subsp. mexicana (teosinte) biji, daun Indonesia: Sulawesi Africa: Mauritirus Asia: China, India, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand
21.[c]: Peronosclerospora sorghi(Weston & Uppal) C.G Shaw. (1978); ( =Sclerospora graminicola var. andropogonis-sorghi Kulk. =Sclerospora sorghi W. Weston & Uppal (1932) =Sclerospora andropogonis- I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) Andropogon sorghi, Panicum trypheron, Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum halepense, biji, daun, media tanam (tanah) Indonesia: Jawa (Barat) Africa: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa,Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe 469 sorghi (Kulk.) Mundk. =Sorosporium andropogonis- sorghi S. Ito) Oomycota, Oomycetes, Sclerosporales; Sorghum downy mildew, mildew of maize and sorghum Sorghum almum, Sorghum arundinaceum, Sorghum caffrorum, Sorghum propinquum, Sorghum sudanense, Sorghum vesicolor, Sorghum virgatum, Zea mexicana, Zea diploperennis, America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, East Timor, Taiwan, India,Iran, Israel, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Yemen, Vietnam, Europe: Italy Oceania: Australia
22.[c]: Peronospora manshurica (Naum) Syd. (1923); (=Peronospora sojae F. Lehm. & F.A. Wolf =Peronospora trifolium var. manchurica Naumov) Oomycota, Oomycetes, Peronosporales; Downy mildew, embun bulu I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Glycine max (kedelai, soybean) biji, bunga, polong, daun Indonesia: Jawa Timur, Jawa Barat (Bogor). Africa: Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA. Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Malaysia, Philippines, Russia, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam. Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia 470 and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, Macedonia. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
23.[c]: Phytophthora citrophthora(R.H Sm & E. Sm) Leonia) ( =Pythiacystis citrophthoraR.E Sm. & E.H. Sm.) Oomycota, Oomycetes; brown rot of Citrus fruit, foot rot of Citrus, cocoa black pod, stem necrosis, canker, seedling blight I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Citrus spp., Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi), Mandevilla spp., Tabernae coronaria, Euonymus spp., Rhododendron spp., Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber tree), Fagus spp., Ribes sanguineum, Juglans spp., Sandoricum koetjape (kecapi, kecaphi) Ficus elastica, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Piper nigrum (lada, pepper), Pistacia vera, Fragaria spp., Prunus domestica, Rubus idaeus, Coptis japonica, Murraya sp., Poncirus trifoliate, Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Taxus spp., Sequoiadendron giganteum, Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica, Acca sellowiana, Buxus, Castanea sativa (chesnut), Chamaecyparis lawsonia biji, buah, daun, akar, batang, media tanam Indonesia: Sulawesi (Tengah), NTT (Soe) Africa: Algeria, Angola, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Senegal, South Africa, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia: Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, Georgia Republic of, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Former USSR, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Rusia, Spain, Switzerland, UK Oceania:Australia, Cook Islands, 471 (Port oxford cedar), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Citrus limetta (sweet lemon tree), C. limon (lemon), C. maxima (pummelo), C. sinensis (nevel orange), Diospyros kaki (persommon), Fragaria regia (walnut), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Ligustrum vulgare, Nothofagus obliqua, Pandorea jasminoides, Pelargonium graveolens, Picea abies, Pistacia vera, Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium, Prunus dulcis, Ribes sanguineum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Sciadopitys verticillata,Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Syringa vulgaris, Theobroma cacao, Vaccinium (bluberries) Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand
24.[c]: Phytophthora fragariaeC.J. Hickman; ( =Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae Hickman) Oomycota, Oomycetes; Red core, red stele disease, I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Fragaria, Fragaria ananassa Fragaria vesca (Arbei, strawberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry) Fragaria chiloensis (chilean strawberry) stolon, akar, batang, bibit,media tanam Indonesia: Jawa. Africa: Egypt. America: Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, USA. Asia:India, Israel, China, Taiwan, Japan, Lebanon, Syria. 472 strawberry red stele root rot, raspberry root rot, red core disease of strawberry, red core of strawberry, red stele disease of strawberry, red stele of strawberry Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
25.[p]: Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea(Wallr.) Lagerh.; ( =Sorosporium scabies (Berk.) A.A. Fisch. Waldh.) Plasmodiophoromycota, Plasmodiophoromycetes; Slimy rot,powdery scab, corky scab, corky scab: potato, powdery scab of potato, powdery scab: potato, tomato powdery scab I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solanum Solanum lycopersicum(tomat, tomato) Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry), Solanum marginatum (white-edged nightshade), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Tussilago farfara (Colt's- foot), Ullucus tuberosus (Ulluco) umbi, bonggol, media tanam (tanah) sebagai vektor: Potato mop- top pomovirus Indonesia: Jawa Africa: Algeria, Burundi, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela. Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Turkey. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, 473 Greece, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
26.[r]:Physopella ampelopsidis (Dietel & P. Syd.) (1959); (=Phakopsora ampelopsidis Dietel & P. Syd., (1898) =Phakopsora ampelosidis Dietel & P. Syd. (1898) =Angiopsora ampelopsidis (Dietel & P. Syd.) (1949) Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, Pucciniomycetes; Karat, Rust I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Boston ivy), Meliosma sp., Vitaceae, Ampelocissus robinsonii, A. heterophylla, Cissus yoshimurae, Meliosma myriantha, Partheocissus thunbergii, P. tricuspidata, Quinaria tricuspidata, Vitis caribaea, V. coignatiae, V. flexuosa, V. lanata, V. munsoniana, V. tiliifolia, V. daun,batang Indonesia: Jawa (Tengah, Timur), Bali, Sulawesi (Selatan) Asia: China, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Nepal, Taiwan. Oceania: Australia
27.[r]: Uromycladium tepperianum(Saccardo) Mc. Alpine; ( =Uromyces tepperianus Sacc. =Caeomurus tepperianus (Sacc.) Kuntze) Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, Pucciniomycetes; Rust, gall rust I: jika MP tidak diproses II. jika MP diproses Sengon, Acacia saligna (Port jackson wattle) bibit, batang Indonesia: Maluku, Jawa (Timur, Barat, Tengah), Sulawesi, Sumatera (Bengkulu), Bali Africa: South Africa Asia: Malaysia, Filipina VII. BAKTERI (BACTERI) 474 No NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA UMUM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME GOLONGAN/ GROUP INANG/ HOST MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAY DAERAH SEBAR/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1.Burkholderia glumae (Kurita & Tabei)Urakami et al., (= Pseudomonas glumae);Burkholderiales: Burkholderiaceae;bacterial grain rot; grain rot; bacterial rot; rice grain rot; rice rot; rice blight; sheath rot; grain sterility of rice; grain discoloration of rice I Oryza sativa (padi, rice) Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) biji, bibit Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera, Kalimantan Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam America: Colombia, Panama, USA Africa: Burkina Faso
2.Clavibacter michiganensissubsp. michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al.;(=Aplanobacter michiganensis =Bacterium michiganense =Corynebacterium michiganense pv. michiganense =C.michiganense subsp. michiganense =C.michiganense =Erwinia michiganensis (=michiganense) =Mycobacterium michiganense =Phytomonas michiganensis =Pseudomonas michiganense =P. I Capsicum frutescens (cabai rawit, hot pepper, chilies), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper, red pepper), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine) Solanum mammosum, S.dauglas, S. nigrum, S. trifolium akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah, biji, media tanam Indonesia: Sumatera (Barat, Selatan), Jawa (Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, Banten) Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerlands, Ukraina, UK, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. 475 michiganensis);Actynomycetal es: Microbacteriaceae; bacterial cancer, birds eye spot Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Republik of Korea (South Korea), Libanon, Syria, Turkey. Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America:Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA, Uruguay. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Guam, Fiji, Tonga.
3.Leifsonia xylisubsp.xyli(Davis et al.) Evtushenko et al.); (=Clavibacter xyli = Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli); Actynomycetales: Microbacteriaceae; ratoon stunting of sugarcane, sugarcane ratoon stunting disease I Saccharum, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Brachiaria spp., Chloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colonum, Imperata xylindrical, Panicum maximum, Pennisetum purpureum dan Rhynchelytrum repens. stek, batang (stem stoke), mata tunas, bunga, akar, bibit. Indonesia: Jawa Europe: Spain. Asia: Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Comoros, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil Colombia, Cuba, 476 Dominican Republic, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia, Fiji. 4. Pantoea stewartii sub sp. stewartii(Smith) Mergaert et al.; (=Aplanobacter stewartii =Bacillus stewartii =Bacterium stewartii =Erwinia stewartii =Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii =Phytomonas stewartii =Pseudobacterium stewartii =Pseudomonas stewartii =Xanthomonas stewartii); Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae, bacterialblight of maize, bacterial wilt of maize, maize bacteriosis, Stewart's wilt I Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Zea mexicana (teosinte) Zea mays subsp. mays (sweetcorn), Zea mays subsp. parviglumis. Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Agrotis alba, Avena sativa, , Coix lacryma-jobi, Echinochloa americana, Trapsacumspp., Panicumspp., Setaria pumila, Zea perennis, berbagai gulma Poaceae (Gramineae), Agrostis biji, bunga, daun, akar, batang, Vektor: Chaetocnem pulicaria,Agr otis manchus, Chaetocnema denticulata, Diabrotica nigricornis, D. undecimpuct ata, D. versifera, Hylemya cilicrura. Indonesia: Jawa, Sumatera, Sulawesi, Lombok Europe: Austria, Yunani, Poland, Russia, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Netherland, Romania, Serbia, Switzerland, Yugorslavia Asia: China, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Korea America: Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Guyana, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina, Paraguay 477 gigantea (black bent), Dracaena sanderiana
5.Pseudomonas cichorii(Swingle) Stapp.; Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; hawar bakteri I Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Apium graveolens (selederi, celery), Dahlia, Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) Apium graveolens (celery), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Chrysanthemum coronarium (garland chrysanthemum), Chrysanthemum morifolium (chrysanthemum (florists')), Chrysanthemum vestitum, Cichorium endivia (endives), Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia (endives), Cichorium endivia var. crispum (Winter endive), Cichorium intybus (chicory), Dahlia Gerbera (Barbeton daisy), Gerbera jamesonii (African daisy), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean)Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Nicotiana tabacum biji Indonesia: Jawa Barat (Cianjur). Europe: France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, UK. Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, Republic of Korea (South Korea) Africa: Burundi, South Africa, Tanzania. America: Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, USA, Hawai. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 478 (tembakau, tobacco) Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean) Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, achra), Agaricus, Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha), Barleria cristata (philippine violet), Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassicarapa ssp. oleifera (turnip rape), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (kChinese cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Pe-tsai), Calendula officinalis (Pot marigold), Camellia, Capsicum (peppers), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell pepper), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Centaurea cyanus (cornflower), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Coffea 479 arabica (arabica coffee), Cyclamen, Daucus carota (carrot), Ficus lyrata (fiddle-leaf fig), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Hedera helix (ivy), Helianthus (sunflower), Hydrangea (hydrangeas), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Magnolia grandiflora (Southern magnolia), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Mentha arvensis (Corn mint), Monstera deliciosa (ceriman), Musa sp. (banana), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum basilicum (basil), Panax ginseng (Asiatic ginseng), Papaver nudicaule (Iceland poppy), Papaver orientale (Oriental poppy), Pernettya mucronata (prickly heath (UK)), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Potentilla (Cinquefoil), Primula polyantha, Prunus persica (peach), Pyracantha (Firethorn), Pyrus communis (European pear), 480 Ranunculus acris (Meadow buttercup), Rhododendron catawbiense, Scindapsus, Solanum melongena (aubergine), Spathiphyllum, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Viburnum, Xanthosoma brasiliens
6.Pseudomonas syringaepv.lachrymans; (=Bacillus lachrymans =Bacterium burgeri =Bacterium lachrymans =Chlorobacter lachrymans =Phytomonas lachrymans =Pseudomonas lachrymans =P.lachrymans f. cucumis =P.burgeri); Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; angularspot of cucumber, bacterialspot I Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Benincasa hispida, Citrullus lunatus, Cucumis auguria, Cucumis melo, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Luffa acutangula, Sechium edule, Solanum melongena (Terung, eggplant) kulit, buah, daun, biji, planlet, batang, bibit Indonesia: Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Banten, Sumatera selatan Europe: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Yugoslavia Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Laos, Philippines, Singapore, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Gabon, Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela Oceania: Australia, New Zealand 481
7.Pseudomonas syringaepv. mori(Boyer & Lambert) Young et al.; Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; hawar daun I Cannabis sativa (hemp), Morus bombycis (Japanese mulberry), Morus nigra (black mulberry), Morus rubra (red mulberrytree), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) Morus alba (murbei, mulberry) Morus (mulberrytree) daun, biji, batang, Indonesia: Jawa Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, UK Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Republic of Korea (South Korea), Pakistan, Turkey. Africa: South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America: Brazil, Canada, Caribbean, USA. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
8.Ralstonia syzygii(=Pseudomonas syzygii (Roberts et al).;Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; bakteri pembuluh kayu Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, clove) (BPKC) I Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, clove), Syzygium spp., Eugenia spp. bibit, daun, akar, batang. vektor: Hemiptera, Machaerotid ae: Hindola spp. Indonesia: Sumatera (Lampung), Jawa, Bali, Sulawesi, Kalimantan Selatan Maluku VIII. VIRUS (VIRUSES) NO NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/ SYNONIM GOLONGAN/ GROUP INANG/ HOST MEDIA PEMBAWA/ PATHWAY DAERAH SEBAR/ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 482
1.Banana streak badnavirus (BSV);(= Banana streak virus) I Musa spp. (pisang, banana) Tanaman, akar, batang, daun, bunga, buah Indonesia: Jawa Barat, Lampung, Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda. America: Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Virgin Islands, Venezuela. Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Jordan, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Europe: Portugal, Spain. Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga.
2.Carnation mottle carmovirus(CarMV);(= Carnation mottle virus) I Dianthus caryophyllus, D.barbatus, Begonia spp., Sapo naria officinalis, Daphne odora, D.superbus, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Vaccaria hispanica suluran (stolon), tanaman Indonesia: Jawa barat (Cipanas) Africa: Egypt America: Argentina, Colombia Asia: China, India Europe: Czech, Slovakia, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Hungary, Italy Oceania: Australia
3.Carnation ringspot dianthovirus (CRSV);(=Carnation ringspot virus) I Dianthus (carnation), Dianthus barbatus (sweet williams), daun, biji, bibit tanaman Indonesia;Jawa barat (Cipanas) America: North America, Canada, Mexico, USA, Brazil, Colombia 483 Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus domestica (plum), Pyrus communis (European pear), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Europe: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, UK Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
4.Citrus exocortis pospiviroid (CEVd);(=Citrus exocortis viroid) I Citroncirus webberi (citrange), Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus limonia (jeruk limau, mandarin lime), Citrus reticulata x Poncirus trifoliata (citrumelo), Poncirus trifoliate (trifoliate orange) Brassica rapa. Oleifera (turnip rape), Chrysanthemum vestitum, Citrus, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Gynura aurantiaca (java velvet plant), Gynura procumbens, Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Petunia hybrida, Solanum buah, polong, tunasbunga, daun, batang, tanaman. Indonesia: Jawa Asia: China, India, Iran, Irak, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Lebanon, Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen Eropa: Cyprus, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Italy, Portugal, Russia, Spain. 484 melongena (terong, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Tagetes patula (French marigold), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vitis vinifera (grapevine)
5.Cymbidium ringspot tombusvirus (CymRSV);(=Cymbidium ringspot virus) I Orchidaceae (Cymbidium) Trifolium repens, Vigna ungiculata tanaman Indonesia: Jawa Barat (Bogor, Cipanas) Europe: UK
6.Fiji phytoreovirus I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) bibit, tanaman Indonesia: Papua, Sulawesi, Africa: Madagascar Asia: Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand. Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.
7.Onion yellow dwarf potyvirus (OYDV);(= Onion yellow dwarf virus) I Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium cepa, Alium porrum, Alium sativum bibit,umbi Indonesia: Jawa Africa: Morocco, South Africa. America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, USA, Uruguay. Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Thailand, Turkey Europe: Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. 485
8.Papaya ringspot potyvirus (PRSV);(= Papaya distortion mosaic virus, Papaya leaf distortion virus, Papaw distortion ringspot virus, Papaw mosaic virus, Watermelon mosaic virus 1 (type P), Guadeloupe papaya ringspot, Papaya ringspot - type W, Papaya ringspot virus, Watermelon mosaic virus 1 potyvirus) I Caricapapaya Cucurbitaceae tanaman, bibit, buah, bunga Vektor:Hemipt era, Aphididae: Myzus persicae, Aphis coreopsidis, A. craccivora, A. fabae, A.gossypii, Toxoptera citricida Indonesia: Sumatera (Aceh, Sumatera Utara), Jawa, Bali Africa: Nigeria America: Bahama, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela Asia: China, India, Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, Yemen Europe: France, Germany, Italy, Bangladesh Oceania: Australia
9.Shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV) I Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah), Allium cepa, Allium cepa var. cepa (cv. Stuttgarter Riesen), Allium sativum, Lilium formosanum. umbi, bibit Vektor:Hemipt era, Aphididae: Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus cymbalariae Indonesia: Jawa Asia: China, Thailand.
10.Squash mosaic comovirus (SqMV);(= Cucurbit ring mosaic virus, Musk melon mosaic como virus, Muskmelon necrotic mosaic virus, Squash mosaic comovirus, Pumpkin mosaic virus, Watermelon stunt virus) I Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), Cucumis melo (melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, pumpkin), C. pepo biji, tanaman Vektor:Coleopt era, Chrysomelidae : Acalymma trivittata, A. thiemei thiemei, Diabrotica Indonesia: Jawa barat Africa: Egypt, Morocco America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, USA, Venezuela Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Philippines, Yemen, Europe: Greece, Italy, Netherland Oceania: New Zealand 486 undecimpuncta ta undecimpuncta ta, D. bivittula; Coleoptera, Coccinellidae: Epilachna chrysomelina; E. paenulata
11.Sweet potato feathery mottle potyvirus (SPFMV);(= Sweet potato russet crack virus, Sweet potato feathery mottle virus, Sweet potato internal cork virus, Sweet potato leaf spot virus) I Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato) bibit Indonesia: Jawa Tengah, Papua. Africa: Kenya, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Peru, United States of America, Venezuela Asia: China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tonga
12.Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV);(=Pineapple yellow spot virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus group, Dahlia oakleaf virus, Dahlia ringspot virus, Dahlia yellow ringspot virus, Groundnut ringspot virus, Mung bean leaf curl virus) I Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Solanaceae, Alstroemeria, Ananas comosus (nenas, Stek, tanaman Vektor: Thysanoptera, Thripidae: Frankliniella bispinosa, F. Intonsa, F.fusca, F.occidenttalis, F. Schultzei, F. Tenuicornis, Thrips palmi, T. Setosus, T. Indonesia: Jawa Barat, Pontianak (Kab. Kubu Raya) Africa: Algeria, Burkina Faso, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Suriname, USA, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela. Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, 487 pineapple), Anemone coronaria, Apium graveolens (seladeri, celery), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, peanut), Aster, Begonia, Bidens pilosa, Benincasa hispida, Calceolaria, Chrysanthemum x morifolium, Carica papaya (papaya, pawpaw), Cichorium endivia, Cicer arietinum, Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Columnea hirta, Canavalia gladiata, Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper), Callistephus chinensis, Catharanthus roseus, Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita pepo, Crotalaria juncea, Cyphoman dra betacea, Cynara scolymus, Cyclamen, Dahlia, Dieffenbachia, Eustoma grandiflorum, Ficus elastica, Ficus pumila, Gerbera spp., Gerbera jamesonii, Galinsoga parviflora, Glycine max Tabaci, T.flavus, Scirtothrips dorsalis Azerbaijan, China, Taiwan, Georgia (Republic), India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,. Oceania: Australia, Cook Islands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea. 488 (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Impatiens walleriana, Jacquemontia tamnifolia, Kalanchoe, Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Lathyrus sativus, Lupinus spp. (Lupine), Mentha piperita, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana rustica, Oncidium, Ocimum basilicum, Pelargonium, Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus, Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Vigna mungo, Vigna cylindrica (buncis, common bean), Physalis peruviana, Phalaenopsis, Sechium edule, Senecio cruentus, Stephanotis floribunda, Sinningia, Sinningia speciosa, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Tagetes, Tephrosia purpurea, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Vitis vinifera (anggur, 489 grapevine), Valerianella locusta, Zinnia elegans, Zantedeschiaaethiopica, Ageratum conyzoides, Calendula officinalis, Canna indica, Coleus, Mirabilis jalapa, Saintpaulia ionantha, Salvia officinalis, Valeriana officinalis Keterangan: [a] : aseksual [s] : seksual [r] : cendawan karat [c] : chromista I : golongan I II : golongan II MENTERI PERTANIAN, ttd AMRAN SULAIMAN